RU2665768C1 - Energy conversion method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for converting wind energy into electric power. Way to convert wind energy into electrical energy is that wind energy, by means of aerodynamic working elements mounted on the housing of mobile wind power conversion units performing linear movement along the guide web, are converted into energy of motion of the wind energy conversion modules and electrical energy by means of an electric power generation device. At the same time, the total area of all aerodynamic working elements, which are output to the guide web, is continuously regulated, depending on the external conditions. Continuous regulation is carried out depending on the external conditions of the angles of installation of the aerodynamic working elements with respect to the wind power conversion modules, the speed of movement of the wind energy conversion modules, the aerodynamic profiles of each aerodynamic working member, the area of each aerodynamic working member. In this case, it is preferable to use as wings aerodynamic working bodies with a composite aerodynamic profile, including the main profile, and at least one rotary flap.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at increasing the coefficient of wind energy use.

10 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, and more specifically, relates to wind power plants that produce electrical energy through the use of air flow.

State of the art

A system is known from the prior art that makes it possible to implement a method of converting wind energy into electrical energy, which consists in converting the wind energy through the wings with an aerodynamic profile mounted on carriages that perform linear movement along a guide path with a roller suspension to the energy of motion of the conversion modules wind power and electrical energy (see WO 2016150561 A).

Also known is a method of converting wind energy into electrical energy, which consists in converting wind energy through sails mounted on a trolley body linearly moving along a closed rail track into the movement energy of wind energy conversion modules and electrical energy by means of a mechanical generator (see EP 2078853 A1).

Also known is a system that allows you to implement a method of converting wind energy into electrical energy, which consists in the fact that wind energy, through wing profiles mounted on the casing of movable wind energy conversion trolleys that perform linear movement along the rail track, is converted into movement energy of wind energy conversion modules and electrical energy by means of an electric power generation device mounted on the housing, wherein the profiles are oriented by mechanical iodine (see FR 2297333 A1).

Also known is a method of converting wind energy into electrical energy, namely, that wind energy, through aerodynamic working bodies mounted on the housing of movable wind energy conversion modules that perform linear movement along the guide web, is converted into movement energy of wind energy conversion modules and electrical energy by means of a power generation device mounted on the housing (see WO 2016154757 A1). Adopted for the prototype.

Common disadvantages of technical solutions known from the prior art are:

- the inability to change the total number of modules on the guide web, and as a result, there is no possibility to change the total area of the working wind energy receivers, which leads to the impossibility of the system working with the maximum KIEV in a wide range of wind speed;

- the inability to eliminate wind energy losses caused by the bevel of the flow behind the working wind energy receivers;

- the lack of the possibility of efficient operation of the system at a low translational speed of the wind energy receivers, which leads to the appearance of aerodynamic noise and infrasound waves;

- a narrow range of wind speeds at which the method is effective, due to the impossibility of changing the wing area and changing the installed power of the generator. Traditional windmill operates in optimal mode, according to some estimates, no more than 15% of the time. On other days, the wind is too weak for him, sometimes too strong;

- achieving an effective mode of operation only at high speed, the result of which is the creation of powerful infrasound waves, danger to animals and people, mass death of birds, the need to create an exclusion zone around the installation;

- high loading of structural elements, which forces the use of expensive structural materials and technologies;

- large dimensions and mass of structural parts for the transportation and installation of which unique transport and installation operations are required;

- low maintainability of structures; replacing any large part requires repeated carrying out of unique transport and installation operations;

- loss of operability of the structure when any part fails, which causes a downtime until the repair is completed.

Disclosure of invention

As a technical problem of the claimed technical solution, the creation of a method for converting wind energy, devoid of the above disadvantages and having increased energy efficiency, is put.

The technical result achieved by the claimed technical solution is to provide a high coefficient of utilization of wind energy (KIEV), including by reducing the speed of movement of the modules.

The technical result is achieved through the use of a method of converting wind energy into electrical energy, which consists in the fact that wind energy, through aerodynamic working bodies mounted on the housing of mobile modules for converting wind energy, performing linear movement along the guide web, is converted into motion energy of the energy conversion modules wind and electrical energy through a device for generating electricity, while, according to the invention, carry out continuous explicit regulation depending on the external conditions of the total area of all aerodynamic working bodies brought to the guide web.

In special cases, the implementation of the method:

- carry out continuous adjustment depending on the external conditions of the installation angles of the aerodynamic working bodies relative to the modules for converting wind energy;

- carry out continuous regulation depending on the external conditions of the speed of movement of the modules for converting wind energy;

- carry out continuous regulation depending on the external conditions of the aerodynamic profiles of each aerodynamic working body;

- carry out continuous regulation depending on the external conditions of the area of each aerodynamic working body;

- as aerodynamic working bodies use wings with a composite aerodynamic profile, including the main profile, and at least one rotary flap;

- as a device for generating electricity using a rotary type generator, with a shaft which is rigidly connected to the gear wheel, which is run on the gear rack, which in turn is connected with the guide blade;

- a linear generator is used as a power generation device, while the movable part of the linear generator mounted on the housing moves along the stationary part of the linear generator, which in turn is connected with the guide web;

- use a guide web having at least two closely spaced areas with multidirectional movements of the modules for converting wind energy;

- the total surface area of the aerodynamic working bodies is changed by introducing additional modules to the guide web or removing modules from the guide web, depending on the wind conditions of the current time.

Special cases of the implementation of the claimed technical solution are not limited to the above options.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated by graphic materials, where:

FIG. 1 - a general diagram of the conversion of wind energy into electrical energy is shown (a is a basic version of a rail installation, 6 is an option for a rail installation with the ability to add modules, and is an installation option for working with a crosswind).

FIG. 2 - shows an embodiment of the conversion of wind energy into electrical energy, where a portion of the guide web is mounted on a supporting structure in the form of a flyover, while the wind energy conversion modules are oriented vertically.

FIG. 3 - shows an embodiment of the conversion of wind energy into electrical energy, where the contact guide is made in the form of an endless gear rack made of soft magnetic steel, interacting by means of electromagnetic forces with at least one short rack, with windings on the teeth contained in the wind energy conversion modules , representing essentially a single device in the form of a linear generator, with the possibility of generating an electric current during their interaction.

FIG. 4 - shows an embodiment of the conversion of wind energy into electrical energy, where the contact guide is made in the form of a gear rack interacting with the movement of the module by means of mechanical forces with at least one gear contained in the wind energy conversion modules and configured to run around the gear rail, while the wind energy conversion modules comprise a rotary generator mechanically coupled to the gear.

Figure 5 - shows an embodiment of the conversion of wind energy into electrical energy, where the guide web is made in the form of a monorail.

FIG. 6 - shows an embodiment of the conversion of wind energy into electrical energy, where the ability to move along the guide web is made through the magnetic interaction of the wind energy conversion modules with the guide web.

Below are the theoretical foundations of the implementation of the claimed method on the example of the use of wings as aerodynamic working bodies.

It is possible to carry out the method with the orientation of the rectilinear portion of the movement of the wings across the air flow.

The aerodynamic calculation of the system shows that with increasing wing speed across the stream, the power taken from one square meter grows up to high speeds (from 15 to 200 m / s depending on the aerodynamic quality of the wing).

The dependence is approximately linear.

At the same time, the load on the wing structure is also growing.

The main influence criterion in this case is speed (the ratio of the speed of the wing across the stream to the wind speed).

With a speed of less than 2, the aerodynamic quality of the wing plays a small role, the carrying capacity of the wing profile plays a large role, with a speed of more than 2, the aerodynamic quality becomes important, with a value of more than 5 it is critically important. Moreover, the lower the wing speed, the greater the bevel of the flow.

In the designed installation, the speed of the wing should be limited to:

10 ... 15 m / s - for reasons of safety, environmental friendliness of the environment, psychological comfort.

60 m / s - by aerodynamic noise.

5 ... 30 m / s - for centrifugal overloads when cornering.

In practice, when organizing the installation control, one should strive for the highest speed of the wing, taking into account the indicated limitations.

The ability of the wing to create aerodynamic forces depends on the angle of installation of the wing relative to the local air flow. Local (in the wing area) air flow differs from the natural wind flow by the vector values of the wing speed, braking and bevel of the flow by a wind generator.

Parameters by which regulation occurs:

Input:

- pennant wind speed;

- direction of the pennant wind;

- true wind speed;

- true wind direction;

- module speed;

- distance to the nearest modules;

- passage of the pivot point by the module;

- total area of working wings.

Managed Parameters:

- the angle of installation of the wing relative to the pennant wind;

- flap installation angle relative to the main wing profile (when using a wing with a flap);

- wing area;

- total area of working wings;

- the speed of the module.

Parameters and methods of regulation:

The wing angle relative to the pennant wind is set using the wing rotation servo or with the help of a servo-driven auxiliary aerodynamic surface (stabilizer). Pennant wind is a wind perceived by a directly moving wing, the result of the addition of all velocity vectors arising from the operation of a wind generator with a true wind vector.

The task of regulation is to maintain a constant optimal angle of wing installation relative to a changing pennant wind, when the aerodynamic force limit for the wing is reached when the wind is amplified, gradually reduce the installation angle according to the algorithm (for example, 1 ° per 1 m / s of wind). When the module is rotated from the windward row to the leeward row, the servo-driver turns the wing angle to the opposite one for the wing thrust vector to turn. The source data provides a direction sensor, a wind speed sensor, and a pivot point sensor. In the case of using a servo stabilizer, it is a wind direction sensor and an aerodynamic amplifier at the same time.

The flap installation angle relative to the main wing profile (when using a wing with a flap) is set using the flap servomotor or with the help of a servo-driven auxiliary aerodynamic surface (stabilizer).

The task of regulation is to maintain a constant optimal angle of flap installation relative to the main wing profile, when the aerodynamic force limit for the wing is reached while wind is amplified, gradually reduce the installation angle according to the algorithm (for example, 3 ° per 1 m / s of wind). When the module is rotated from the windward row to the leeward row, the servo-driver turns the flap installation angle to the opposite, for the wing thrust vector to turn. The source data provides a direction sensor, a wind speed sensor, a pivot point sensor. In the case of using a servo stabilizer, it is both a wind direction sensor and an aerodynamic amplifier at the same time, and performs two functions - controlling the flap angle and controlling the wing angle as a whole.

The wing area is set by the system depending on the specific wind conditions in order to achieve the optimum value of the total area of the working wings if the system does not use a change in the number of working modules, and the electric generators have a power reserve.

The number of working modules is set by the system depending on specific wind conditions in order to achieve the optimal value of two parameters - the total area of the working wings, and the total power of the working electric generators. The higher the wind speed, the greater the wing area and the higher installed power of the generators for optimal conversion of wind power.

The total area of the working wings. Depending on the ratio of the total area of the working wings to the total area of the wind window used by the wind generator, the point of maximum KIEV corresponds to a certain speed (the ratio of the speed of the wing along the blade to the speed of the true wind). The smaller the relative wing area, the higher the optimal speed. With increasing wind speed, in order to maintain optimal KIEV, the absolute velocity of the modules with wings should increase.

But the real allowable speed of movement of the modules is limited by the following factors:

- aerodynamic noise and infrasound emitted by the installation;

- mechanical noise of moving parts;

- safety for birds;

- safe expansion of debris during structural destruction;

- dynamic loads during the passage of the rotation module.

From the point of view of operational safety and environmental friendliness, the absolute speed of the wings should be small. But for wind generators with a low speed, with an increase in the wind speed, the KIEV decreases due to a decrease in speed. To keep the KIEV of the wind generator at a constantly high level with increasing wind speed, the total area of working wings needs to be increased. The control system, using the data of true or pennant wind speed sensors, changes the total area of working wings by changing the area of each wing and / or adding working modules to the canvas or by removing excess modules from the canvas, in accordance with the specified algorithm.

The speed of the module is regulated by changing the braking force of the generator. The braking torque of the generator is changed by electronic control of the generator from full braking to a negative value, i.e. before switching to motor mode. The generator provides braking, converting the mechanical power of movement into electrical power. With full braking, the mechanical power is zero due to the lack of speed. With zero braking, the speed is maximum, but the mechanical power is also zero due to the lack of effort. Between these two extremes, for each wind condition, there is an optimality point at which the mechanical power and electric power are maximum. The generator control system changes the power taken by the generator and, therefore, the braking torque created by the generator by electronically regulating the current pulses supplied to the generator coils and taken from the coils. In the simplest case, the generator coils operate directly on the alternating current network, while the synchronization of the speed of the modules with the frequency of the alternating current network is automatically ensured.

Regulation Objectives:

- provide the maximum possible coefficient of utilization of wind energy (KIEV) installation as a whole. For each total wing area, there is an optimal speed (the ratio of the speed of the wing along the blade to the true wind speed), at which the KIEV of the wind generator is maximum. The speed control system receives data from speed sensors and the direction of the true or pennant wind, data from the speed sensors of the module, data on the position of other modules, adjusts the braking torque of the generator, constantly striving to maintain optimal speed, taking into account the following restrictions: maximum permissible speed in this section web, uniform distribution of modules on the web, preventing collision of modules, the need to maintain a given frequency of the generated alternating direct current, the necessity to take into account the speed at which the generator electrical efficiency is maximal.

- provide the ability to stragging modules at startup. Most generators have a significant pull-out force that prevents the wind generator from starting in light winds. The induction valve technology allows the control system, which receives data from the module speed sensor, to minimize the pulling force to facilitate starting.

- provide emergency stop of the modules. When the wind speed exceeds the safe operation limit, the control system, which receives data from true or pennant wind speed sensors, performs complete braking of the generators of all modules.

- ensure the performance of transport operations: input of modules to the canvas, output of modules from the canvas, transportation of modules to the depot.

Below are the principles of aerodynamic calculation of a wind turbine.

Aerodynamic calculation is carried out for an installation containing 2 rows of bi-directional moving wings.

For aerodynamic calculation of the installation, speed triangles are built for true wind speeds of 4, 6, 8, 12 m / s, and for wing speeds across the stream from 1 to 15 m / s in 1 m increments. The following velocity vectors are taken into account in the speed triangles:

- true wind;

- wing speed across wind direction;

- flow inhibition;

- bevel flow.

For each combination of wind speed and wing movement, the speed and direction of the pennant wind for each of the two rows, and the direction of the resulting aerodynamic force are determined. According to the obtained data, the wing area necessary for a given wind window is calculated for each combination of speeds using the following parameters:

- air density in the area of the proposed installation of the wind generator;

- the optimal coefficient of lifting force of the selected profile;

- aerodynamic quality corresponding to the selected configuration of the wings;

- the selected size of the wind window.

The following embodiment, given by way of example only, is described to provide a more accurate understanding of the preferred embodiments of the claimed invention.

In a preferred embodiment, a method of converting wind energy into electrical energy can be represented as follows.

The method of converting wind energy into electrical energy consists in the fact that wind energy through aerodynamic working bodies 10 mounted on the housing 9 of the mobile modules for converting wind energy that perform linear movement along the guide web 1 (Fig. 1, 2), is converted into the movement energy of the modules conversion of wind energy and electrical energy by means of a power generation device 6 mounted on the housing 9 (Fig. 3, 4). At the same time, parameters are continuously adjusted depending on external conditions, such as: installation angles of aerodynamic working bodies 10 with respect to wind energy conversion modules and wind directions, speed of movement of wind energy conversion modules, geometry of each aerodynamic working body, including aerodynamic profile and total area the area of all aerodynamic working bodies 10, displayed on the guide web 1.

In this case, as aerodynamic working bodies 10, wings with a composite aerodynamic profile, including the main profile, and at least one rotary flap (Fig. 3, 4) can be used.

It is possible to use a rotary type generator as an electric power generation device 6, while a gear wheel 14, rigidly connected to the shaft of a rotary type generator, is run around a gear rack 13, which is rigidly connected in turn with the guide blade 1. It is also possible to use a linear generator, while the movable part 3 of the linear generator mounted on the housing 9, moves along the stationary part 4 of the linear generator, rigidly connected in turn with the guide blade 1.

The implementation of the method can be implemented so that the guide web 1 is positioned so that at least two closely spaced sections of the guide web 1 with multidirectional movements of the wind energy conversion modules are obtained, with each of the next series of energy conversion modules in the direction of the wind moving efficiently using the oblique flow for previous row (Fig. 1).

The total surface area of the aerodynamic working bodies 10 can be changed by changing the area of each wing and / or introducing additional modules to the guide web 1 or outputting the modules from the guide web 1, depending on the wind conditions of the current time.

The implementation of the method can be carried out in a system that operates in the following way.

When the wind blows wind energy receivers — aerodynamic working bodies 10 attached to the modules, aerodynamic force arises. This force moves the module along the guide web 1, while the aerodynamic tool 10 is constantly oriented in the direction of the wind to create the best traction in each section of the guide web 1, depending on the direction of the wind. The power generation device 6, mounted rigidly on the module, interacts with the contact guide, which in turn is connected to the guide web 1. As a result of the work force generated by the interaction of the generation device 6 and the contact guide, the generation device 6 generates an electric current, which in turn, it is given to the network laid along the guide web 1. At the same time, depending on the parameters of the generated electricity, continuous speed control the module itself, since the generation device 6 is, in fact, a brake for moving the module under the influence of wind force. Also, there is a continuous regulation of the number of modules displayed at a particular point in time. At the same time, for example, for diagnostics or maintenance of a module, it is driven into a depot without stopping the entire system and all modules removed at a given time. To do this, first, taking into account the current position of the required module, switch the section of the canvas 1 from the movement along a closed path to the section next to the depot. If the wind energy at the moment or in this area is not enough for such a maneuver, then the device 6 for generating electricity is transferred to the mode of essentially an electric motor already consuming electricity from the network. In a similar manner, modules are displayed on the guide web 1, including special-purpose modules, for example, diagnostic or snow-removing. Thus, in particular, it is possible to change the total surface area of the aerodynamic working bodies 10 when implementing the method. It should be noted that the above-described operation of the system in the general case does not depend on how the guide web 1, the power generation device 6, the type of suspension of the module on the guide web 1 in their particular cases is made.

The claimed method, in addition to the absence of the above disadvantages of technical solutions known from the prior art, also has a number of advantages over them, including analogues:

- the method allows to increase the average annual collection of wind energy by maintaining optimal parameters in a wide range of winds by changing the installation parameters - the number of wings, the speed of the wings, the angles of the wings, the aerodynamic profile of the wing, the area of each wing separately, the number of working generators, without changing equipment and software;

- the method allows the system to work in optimal mode with a small speed of wings, which excludes the generation of infrasound, causing harm to animals and people, allows you to place the installation close to consumers;

- the method allows you to build a system based on a modular structure, where the modules are serial products of a small size, which reduces their cost, simplifies maintenance and repair; simplifies delivery to the installation site and installation;

- aerodynamic working bodies when applying the method are lightly loaded with centrifugal forces, which allows the use of inexpensive durable structural materials, steel and fiberglass;

- the method allows the system to flexibly use the land resources of the area, through the use of any geometry and length of the path;

- the method allows you to easily increase the capacity of the system by increasing the path length, and increasing the number of working modules;

- the method allows you to build a system that works in any direction of the wind, without the need to orient the entire installation to the wind;

- when using the method, the failure of part of the modules does not stop the installation, it is possible to perform service and repair work with the modules without stopping the operation of the entire system;

- the method allows you to build a system based on the use of prototypes already mastered in the production - rail transport and attractions such as Roller Coasters.

Claims (10)

1. The method of converting wind energy into electrical energy, which consists in the fact that wind energy, through aerodynamic working bodies mounted on the housing of mobile modules for converting wind energy, performing linear movement along the guide web, is converted into motion energy of the modules for converting wind energy and electric energy by means of a power generation device, characterized in that they carry out continuous regulation depending on the external conditions of the total area di All aerodynamic working bodies of retired guide bar. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they carry out continuous adjustment depending on the external conditions of the installation angles of the aerodynamic working bodies relative to the modules for converting wind energy. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they carry out continuous regulation depending on external conditions of the speed of movement of the modules for converting wind energy. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they carry out continuous regulation depending on the external conditions of the aerodynamic profile of each aerodynamic working body. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they carry out continuous regulation, depending on external conditions, the area of each aerodynamic working body. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as the aerodynamic working bodies use wings with a composite aerodynamic profile, including the main profile, and at least one rotary flap. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that a rotary type generator is used as a power generation device, with a gear wheel rigidly connected to its shaft, which is rolled around a gear rack, which in turn is connected with a guide blade. 8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that a linear generator is used as the power generation device, while the movable part of the linear generator mounted on the housing moves along the stationary part of the linear generator, which in turn is connected with the guide web. 9. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they use a guide web having at least two closely spaced sections with multidirectional movements of the modules for converting wind energy, 10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the total surface area of the aerodynamic working bodies is changed by adding additional modules to the guide web or removing modules from the guide web, depending on the wind conditions of the current time.

Images