RU2665128C1 - Moving vehicle wheels locking detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the transport machine building, mainly to the freight road trains. Method consists in the fact, that informing the driver of movement with the locked wheel signal indicator activation is performed at the one of the monitored wheels rotation speed to the other monitored wheels average rotation speed ratio, equal to the vehicle inner wheel motion path radius to the outer wheel motion path radius while its movement along the minimum design admissible turning radius ratio and less than this ratio.EFFECT: enabling increase in the traffic safety due to the emergency situation occurrence timely prevention, which is associated with the vehicle wheels rotation spontaneous locking.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to wheeled vehicles, mainly to freight trains.

As the experience of operating vehicles shows, one of the problems is spontaneous locking of wheels, which is associated with freezing of brake pads to brake drums / discs in winter or as a result of spontaneous operation of the brake mechanism on one of the wheels as a result of failure of the brake control system or exit wheel bearing failure. Since modern freight road trains have a large engine power reserve and a large number of wheels, in the absence of an appropriate signal device, the driver does not have the opportunity to feel the lock of one of the wheels in time, and often notices only when a tire of a locked wheel ignites or an emergency occurs, for example, a drift of a vehicle facilities.

There are many cases when, as a result of spontaneous locking of a wheel of a freight vehicle during its movement, a tire of a wheel ignites due to friction against a roadway, the flame of which is often thrown onto the vehicle body [News / incidents. - Electronic resource. - Access mode: http://www.nn.ru/news/incidents/2014/07/18/fura_s_pivom_sgorela_v_nizhegorod skoy_oblasti /, access date 14.06. 2016].

A known method of controlling wheel lock while driving a vehicle [DALNOBOI.ORG: A road that is dreaming. - Electronic resource. - Access mode: dalnoboi.org/blog/2014/07/26/doroga-kotoraya-snitsya, accessed June 11, 2017], according to which plastic bottles are installed on the wheel disks in a plane parallel to the geometric axis of rotation of the wheels, so that they stood for the dimensions of the wheel and were views of the driver in the side mirrors. With this method of controlling wheel lock while the vehicle is moving, the driver looking in the side mirrors by the presence of rotation of the bottles or the absence of one determines this or that wheel is rotating or it is locked.

A disadvantage of the known method for monitoring wheel lock while the vehicle is moving is its inconvenience. The low reliability of this method, since if a plastic bottle gets into a rut, it can fall out, and when driving at high speed, it is very difficult for a driver to determine the presence of plastic bottles in the rear view mirrors and check for their rotation. Failure to detect the movement of a vehicle with locked wheels leads to a dangerous situation on the road.

Known electronic trailer control unit [What is a safe trailer ?. Overview of "intelligent systems for trailers. - Electronic resource. - Access mode: http://www.gruzovikpress.ru/article/1143-obzor-intellektualnyh-sistem-dlya-pritsepnoy-tehniki-chto-takoe-bezopasniy-pritsep/ , circulation date 06/11/2017] including sensors that collect information about wheel speed, lateral acceleration, tire pressure, trailer angle, pressure in the brake system and air springs. The well-known electronic control unit for the trailer processes a large amount of data, including data on braking and speed of rotation of the wheels, while working similarly known The brake system is used from the state of the art to prevent the wheels from locking during braking.

A disadvantage of the known electronic trailer control unit is its complexity, high cost. The installation of the well-known electronic trailer control unit requires the integration of many sensors in the design, which cannot be done if the places for their placement were not provided by the manufacturer, therefore, only the new generation trailers can be equipped with the known trailer electronic control unit. If the manufacturer does not provide for the possibility of installing the well-known electronic trailer control unit, then it cannot be installed on the vehicle. Due to the complexity of the system, the probability of spontaneous locking of the vehicle’s wheel increases due to the failure of one of the components of the known electronic trailer control unit responsible for the interaction of brake pads with brake drums / wheel disks in order to prevent their blocking during braking. Also, braking the trailer wheels is possible as a result of contamination of the contacts of the sensors or the electronic control unit. Another disadvantage is that the known electronic trailer control unit does not provide informing the driver about the movement with the locked wheel and does not contribute to detecting the movement of the vehicle with the locked wheels, which leads to a dangerous situation on the road.

The closest set of essential features and taken as a prototype is a method based on the use of the well-known anti-lock brake system [Anti-lock brake system, ABS, ABS, purpose, device, principle of operation. - Electronic resource. - Access mode: http://systemsauto.ru/active/abs.html, accessed June 11, 2017], which includes determining the rotation speeds of all vehicle wheels using wheel speed sensors, comparing wheel speeds in the control unit , the inclusion of a signal indicator installed in the vehicle cabin on the dashboard and warning the driver of a malfunction of the anti-lock braking system. The anti-lock system is built into the brake system of the vehicle, namely, in the pipeline, which supplies brake fluid to the brake cylinders of the wheels of the vehicle and adjusts the pressure in it depending on the angular speed of the wheels.

The disadvantage of this method is its complexity, which consists in the need to integrate into the brake system of the vehicle, namely in the pipeline, which provides the supply of brake fluid to the brake cylinders of the wheels of the vehicle, high cost. The installation of the well-known anti-lock system requires the integration of its elements into the vehicle structure, which cannot be done if this was not provided by the manufacturer. Another disadvantage is that it has an indication that informs the driver about a malfunction in the system itself, while it does not provide the driver with information about the movement with a locked wheel and does not help to detect the movement of a vehicle with locked wheels, which leads to a dangerous situation on the road.

The technical result of the proposed method for detecting wheel lock on a moving vehicle is to improve road safety by timely warning of an emergency associated with spontaneous blocking of the wheels of the vehicle, eliminating premature wear and possible fire of the tire of the wheel associated with the movement of the vehicle with the wheel locked .

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for detecting wheel lock on a moving vehicle, which includes determining wheel speeds by means of wheel speed sensors, comparing wheel speeds in a control unit, turning on a signal indicator by a control signal of the control unit, setting wheel speed sensors to the wheels to be controlled in the control unit calculate the average values of the rotational speeds of the controlled wheels without taking into account the speed separately of the controlled wheel, the rotation speeds of each of the controlled wheels are compared with the average value of the rotation speed of the remaining controlled wheels, a control signal is supplied from the control unit to turn on the alarm indicator when the ratio of the rotation speed of one of the controlled wheels to the average rotation speed of the remaining controlled wheels is equal to the ratio of the radius of the trajectory the inner wheel to the radius of the trajectory of the outer wheel of the vehicle when it moves at the minimum tolerance imomu design turning radius and less of this ratio.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a freight train as part of a tractor and trailer. In FIG. 2 is a top view of a freight train consisting of a tractor and trailer moving along a curved path. In FIG. 3 shows a trailer axle structure with an installed wheel speed sensor. In FIG. 4 is a view A of a trailer axle structure with an installed wheel speed sensor.

The method for detecting wheel lock on a moving vehicle includes determining the wheel speed of the vehicle by installing sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 of the wheel speed. Sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 of the wheel speed are installed on the vehicle in the immediate vicinity of the wheels 5, 6, 7, 8 to be monitored. In this case, the sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 of the wheel speed can be installed on all wheels of the vehicle or on some of them. Sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 of the wheel speed are set so that they generate a signal at each revolution of the monitored wheel 5, 6, 7, 8 ,. As the sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 of the wheel speed can be used, for example, Hall sensors known from the state of the art [Wheel speed sensor. - Electronic resource. - Access mode: http://www.systemsauto.ru/active/wheel-speed-sensor.html, accessed June 14, 2017].

The signals from the sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 of the rotation of the wheels through the communication channels 9 are received in the control unit 10. Communication channels 9 can be either wired or wireless.

The control unit 10 calculates the average values of the rotational speeds of the monitored wheels without taking into account the speed of a single monitored wheel. For example, when installing four sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 of the wheel speed on the vehicle trailer 11, which determine the rotation speed of the front left 5 trailer wheels, right front 7 trailer wheels, left rear 6 trailer wheels, right rear 8 trailer wheels, calculate average values of rotation speeds of controlled trailer wheels:

-) front left 5 wheels, front right 7 wheels, rear right 8 wheels;

-) front left 5 wheels, front right 7 wheels, rear left 6 wheels;

-) front left 5 wheels, rear left 6 wheels, rear right 8 wheels;

-) front right 7 wheels, rear left 6 wheels, rear right 8 wheels.

In the control unit 10, the rotational speed of each of the monitored wheels 5, 6, 7, 8 is compared with the calculated average value of the rotational speed of the remaining monitored wheels. For example: the rotation speed of the front left 5 wheels of the trailer 11 is compared with the calculated average value of the rotation speeds of the front right 7, rear right 8, rear left 6 wheels of the trailer 11; the rotation speed of the front right 7 of the trailer wheel is compared with the calculated average value of the rotation speeds of the front left 5, rear right 8, rear left 6 of the trailer wheels 11; the rotation speed of the rear right 8 of the trailer wheel 11 is compared with the calculated average value of the rotation speeds of the front left 5, front right 7, rear left 6 wheels of the trailer 11; the rotation speed of the rear left 6 wheels of the trailer 11 is compared with the calculated average value of the rotation speeds of the front left 5, front right 7, rear right 8 of the trailer wheels 11.

In that case, if the ratio of the rotation speed of one of the monitored wheels 5, 6, 7, 8 to the average rotation speed of the remaining monitored wheels is equal to the ratio of the radius (Rв) of the trajectory of the inner wheel 5, 6 to the radius (Rн) of the trajectory of the outer 7, 8 the vehicle’s wheels, when it moves along the minimum permissible design, the turning radius and less than this ratio, from the control unit 10, provide a control signal to turn on the signal indicator 12.

The control unit 10 and the signal indicator 12 are connected by a communication channel 13, which can be either wired or wireless.

Upon receipt of the control signal, the signal indicator 12 is turned on, notifying the driver of movement with a locked wheel, in the absence of a control signal, the signal indicator 12 is in the off state.

The signal indicator 12 may be visual, sound or combined - visual-sound. The signal indicator 12 is installed in the cab 14 of the vehicle, so that it is convenient for the driver to read information from him.

The established threshold value of the control signal eliminates false alarms of the signal indicator informing the driver about the movement with the locked wheel of the vehicle caused by different speeds of the wheels moving along the outer and inner radii when cornering the vehicle, and at the same time warn the driver about the start of braking one of the controlled wheels even before it is completely locked.

For convenience, the signal from the control unit can be divided into several levels, for example, two - the first level corresponds to finding the ratio of the rotation speed of one of the monitored wheels to the average rotational speed of the remaining monitored wheels near the upper boundary of the threshold value corresponding to the ratio of the radius of the trajectory of the inner wheel to the radius of the trajectory of the outer wheel of the vehicle when it is moving along the minimum permissible design, the turning radius, which will t indicate the movement with partial being slowed down by one of their controlled wheels; the second level - corresponds to finding the ratio of the rotational speed of one of the monitored wheels to the average rotational speed of the remaining monitored wheels substantially lower than the threshold value corresponding to the ratio of the radius of the trajectory of the inner wheel to the radius of the trajectory of the outer wheel of the vehicle when it is moving along the minimum permissible turning radius that will indicate movement with one of the monitored wheels fully locked.

The signal indicator can be single-lane, for example, made in the form of a single light bulb, and inform the driver about the blocking of one of the wheels while driving without indicating a specific blocked wheel; it can be multiband, for example in the form of several bulbs, according to the number corresponding to the number of controlled wheels, informing the driver about the movement with the locked wheel, indicating which of the controlled wheels is locked.

The proposed method for detecting wheel lock on a moving vehicle using the example of the design of a freight train as a part of the tractor and trailer can be implemented as follows.

The axle designs of 15 trailers of various manufacturers, although noticeably different, are similar in most of them (Fig. 3). The axis 15 is a tubular beam 16 with pins 17 pressed into it and welded flanges 18 for fastening the calipers 19. The pins 17 have a central hole 20. A rotary hub 22 is mounted on the fixed axle 17 of the axis 15 on two tapered bearings 21. A wheel is mounted on the hub 22 (not shown in FIG. 3).

The wheel speed sensor 23 (for example, the Hall sensor) is located in a safe and convenient place for maintenance - in the central hole 20 of the axle 17 of the axis 15, and the magnet 24 interacting with the sensor 23 is in the cap 25 of the hub 22 (Fig. 3).

For ease of installation of the wheel speed sensor 23 in the central hole 20 of the pin 17 of the axis 15, a plastic sleeve 26 can be used.

The sensor 23 of the wheel speed in the central hole 20 of the axle 17 of the axis 15 and the magnet 24 in the cap 25 of the hub 22 are installed with an offset "e" relative to the geometric 27 axis of rotation of the hub 22 (Fig. 4), which will allow the sensor 23 of the wheel speed to generate at each the rotation of the wheel signals (pulses) received in the control unit 10.

In the control unit, the signals received from the wheel speed sensors are processed. In the event that the ratio of the rotation speed of one of the monitored wheels to the average rotation speed of the remaining monitored wheels is equal to the ratio of the radius of the trajectory of the inner wheel to the radius of the trajectory of the outer wheel of the vehicle when it is moving along the minimum permissible turning radius and less than this ratio from the control unit submit a control signal to turn on the signal indicator.

The inclusion of a warning indicator notifies the driver of the movement with a locked wheel of the vehicle.

The proposed method for detecting wheel locks on a moving vehicle with will contribute to improving road safety by timely warning the driver of the vehicle about the occurrence of an emergency associated with spontaneous blocking of wheel rotation when the vehicle is moving. Timely measures taken by the driver to stop the movement of a vehicle with locked wheels will eliminate premature wear and possible fire of tires of non-rotating (blocked) wheels of the vehicle.

Claims (1)

A method for detecting wheel lock on a moving vehicle, including determining wheel speeds by means of wheel speed sensors, comparing wheel speeds in a control unit, turning on a signal indicator by a control signal of a control unit, characterized in that wheel speed sensors are mounted on wheels to be control, in the control unit calculate the average values of the rotational speeds of the monitored wheels without taking into account the speed of a single monitored wheel a, they compare the rotational speeds of each of the monitored wheels with the average value of the rotational speed of the remaining monitored wheels, a control signal is supplied from the control unit to turn on the signal indicator when the ratio of the rotational speed of one of the monitored wheels to the average rotational speed of the remaining monitored wheels is equal to the ratio of the radius of the internal trajectory wheels to the radius of the trajectory of the outer wheel of the vehicle when it moves along the minimum permissible design rad usu reversal and less of this ratio.

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