RU2663020C2 - Method of utilization of solid municipal waste (smw) with use of double encapsulation providing 100 % environmentally safe smw disposal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: recycling and disposal of waste.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to the field of processing and storage of solid domestic waste. Method of utilization of solid domestic waste is characterized by double encapsulation of waste, which includes the steps in which solid household waste is ground, mixed with antioxidants and neutral components, for example with cement mortar, compress the resulting mixture into briquettes, the resulting briquettes are dried, are packaged by lamination and reinforcement, is placed in a mold, poured concrete and the blocks obtained are dried. Proposed technology, in addition to recycling incoming solid household waste, allows the disposal of already stored on landfills, mothballed, or existing solid domestic waste.EFFECT: use of the claimed invention makes it possible to ensure 100 % utilization of solid waste and the elimination of the harmful effect of the resulting product on the environment.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to the field of processing and storage of municipal solid waste (MSW).

Solid household waste (MSW, household garbage) - objects or goods that have lost consumer properties, the largest part of consumer waste. MSW are also divided into garbage (biological maintenance) and household waste (non-biological maintenance of artificial or natural origin), and the latter is often referred to simply as garbage at the household level.

For a proper assessment of the essence of the project and its main tasks, it is necessary to look at the problem associated with waste. First of all, we need to change our view of them. Waste is not just side and often harmful substances obtained in the process of life. Today, waste, primarily raw materials, which may well come in handy in the life of mankind with proper processing. In this regard, the task of processing municipal solid waste and the implementation of the resulting product in the national economy, taking into account the environmental safety of the resulting product, is especially urgent. To ensure environmental safety in the processing of solid waste, it is necessary to reasonably approach the location of the processing complex to landfills for solid household waste.

Currently known methods for the disposal of solid waste used in the regions of Russia, as well as in other countries, provide for various types of technologies for the disposal of solid waste, such as waste separation, i.e. separation into secondary raw materials and waste proper, or burial at specially equipped landfills, or incineration.

A known method of burning solid household and other organic wastes and a device for its implementation (RF patent No. 22979766, published April 10, 2005), including burning waste by supplying preheated air, afterburning gaseous products of combustion, subsequent processing to bind HCl, Cl2, HF, passing through a heat exchanger - boiler, gas purification.

A known method of processing solid household waste and producing organic fertilizer (RF patent No. 2201911, published 04/10/2003), including the processing of waste by microorganisms, followed by the population of earthworms.

A known method for the disposal of municipal solid waste (RF patent No. 2452591, published June 10, 2012), including briquetting of solid waste, transportation to the place of disposal, filling the briquettes of the underground space through the borehole coming to the surface and blocking the indicated well with filling material.

All of the above technologies do not provide complete (100%) disposal of solid waste and proper environmental safety of the environment, and in some cases also cause harm.

Many landfills, especially near cities, have become threatening. Often new housing estates of cities and towns are built on former landfills, covered with sand and sometimes located on the banks of large and small rivers, lakes and reservoirs. When decomposing waste, harmful substances and pathogenic bacteria, dangerous for people, animals and plants, are washed out and fall into pound water, and sources of drinking water are at risk of infection.

When burning waste in landfills, harmful components are released over long distances. The waste contains many substances that, when decomposed in exhaust gases, produce toxic components such as phosgene, polychlorinated, dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans and other carcinogens. Therefore, the problem of landfill disposal is not only environmental, but also social in nature. Currently, the destruction of solid waste from small towns and villages is not carried out due to the inefficiency of the construction of processing plants, all waste goes to landfills, exacerbating the already difficult environmental situation. Regarding the specifics of small cities, it must be borne in mind that the transportation of waste over relatively large distances to the processing site is expensive and currently difficult to implement.

The closest analogue to the patented solution is the "PALINGENESIS" technology used by the Municipal Unitary Enterprise of Vladivostok "Special Plant No. 1" (MUPV "Special Plant No. 1", information is available on the website http://ekoinpro.ru/files/docs/palinqenesis/predvaritelniv_ovos .pdf). This technology uses only the process of hardening and stabilization of cement, which is further enhanced by the use of patented chemical additives for pre-treatment of waste.

The PALINGENESIS process does not provide 100% ecological protection of the environment due to direct contact of the crushed solid waste with the environment and the unstable state of the surface layer of the formed blocks resulting from the PALINGENESIS process.

The proposed method eliminates this disadvantage by double encapsulation of the crushed solid waste fractions. In addition, unlike the PALINGENESIS technology, the proposed disposal method does not contain any chemical components, which provides a more environmentally friendly technology for the disposal of solid waste.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to ensure 100% disposal of solid waste and eliminate the harmful effects of the resulting product on the environment. In addition, the proposed technology, in addition to the disposal of incoming solid household waste, makes it possible to dispose of canned, existing or existing solid waste at landfills, thereby ensuring not only the preservation of the natural environment, but also making it possible to reclaim land occupied by landfills, which gives not only the preservation of the environment, but also its purification (restoration).

The claimed technical result is achieved through the implementation of a method for the disposal of municipal solid waste, which includes stages in which municipal solid waste is crushed, mixed with antioxidants and neutral components (for example, cement mortar), the resulting mixture is pressed into briquettes, the resulting briquettes are dried, packaged, placed into molds, pour concrete and dry the resulting blocks.

The briquette packaging stage includes lamination and reinforcement (depending on the needs of the customer).

The essence of the invention is as follows: solid household waste arriving for disposal is subjected to mechanical stress (grinding) using special equipment (shredder), after which they are mixed with antioxidants and neutral components (for example, cement mortar) to prevent rotting processes and then pressed the resulting mixture into briquettes of various shapes and sizes (depending on the needs of the customer), which are dried and subsequently processed radio lamination with a polymer film (vacuum packaging is provided), and to increase the strength characteristics, the reinforcement is performed using a mesh net (depending on the needs of the customer), after which the resulting briquettes are placed in specially created forms and filled with concrete solution.

The prerequisites for the success of the construction of a solid waste processing plant with a capacity of one processing line up to 100 tons per day is a large unification of the already developed and used technical processing tools, commercially available such as: a grinding system designed for grinding solid waste, a briquetting system and a polymer film lamination system . This equipment has already found wide application and is used in various countries, including the Russian Federation. Using a mobile equipment line will reduce the area used to host the MSW processing plant, which allows reducing transportation costs to zero, and taking into account the modular design, it can easily be moved from place to place. At the same time, encapsulated debris in briquettes is environmentally friendly, does not emit harmful fumes into the atmosphere, does not pollute surface and underground waters, does not attract birds, rodents, insects. Thus, a method for double encapsulation of solid waste with the subsequent additional conservation to ensure 100% environmental safety of the crushed products (waste) and its further use in the national economy is proposed.

Next, the solution is illustrated by reference to the figures, which show the following.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a household waste disposal process.

FIG. 2 - samples of the resulting product.

From the circuit of FIG. 1 shows that the sequence of production operations is carried out in the following stages:

Waste arrives at the garbage collection site by garbage trucks (dump trucks) and is unloaded into a receiving hopper (V volume not less than 750 m ³ );

- from the receiving hopper (1) with a conveyor belt - MSW are transported to the receiving hopper of the grinding system (2);

If it is necessary to separate metal objects, a magnetic separator can be added to the technological scheme;

- further, the crushed product enters the mixer (3), where contact mixing with antioxidants and neutral components (for example, with cement mortar) is provided;

- after mixing, the product enters the press unit (4), where the briquette is formed;

- the resulting briquette is dried and supplied to the coating unit with polymer protection (lamination) and to the coating unit with reinforcing protection (5) (depending on the needs of the customer);

- after lamination / reinforcement, the briquette enters the secondary encapsulation in the form of a concrete coating (6);

- upon completion of the formation of the finished block and subsequent drying (7), the block is sent to the finished goods warehouse (8).

The result is a finished product, which is 60-70% composed of crushed and pressed solid waste in a block, placed in a protective coating and poured into a concrete form in the form of a block of a given size.

The demand for the resulting product in the national economy is great. The profitability of the resulting product is high, as it can be used in various sectors of the economy. An estimate of the profitability of the resulting product can be shown by taking for example a concrete block, grades 2P 30-18-30, sizes 3000 * 1750 * 170, costing 7000 rubles, by inserting the encapsulated briquette in the MSW, a concrete block with the same characteristics is obtained but due to the saving of concrete mixes per insert volume (solid waste briquette) the price of this block will be much cheaper than a commensurate one made from a clean solution, which will allow significant savings when using the resulting blocks (for example: in road construction, during hydraulic their work, and other uses of this product).

Processing products can be used in the national economy in various sectors, in particular, the construction industry, when carrying out environmental measures, when performing hydraulic engineering works and for other purposes without harming the environment.

Claims (2)

1. A method for the disposal of municipal solid waste, characterized in that the double encapsulation of municipal solid waste is carried out, which includes stages in which solid household waste is crushed, mixed with antioxidants, for example cement mortar, the resulting mixture is compressed into briquettes, the resulting briquettes are dried, packaged, placed in molds, poured with concrete and dried the resulting blocks to obtain the product. 2. The method of disposal of municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the briquette is packed by lamination or reinforcement (depending on customer requirements).

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