RU2653586C1 - Military protractor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: writing and drawing accessories.

SUBSTANCE: military protractor refers to the topographic, writing and drawing instruments and accessories that are used during working process with analog media, as well as with aerial photographs, maps, photo cards of various scales. A military protractor containing linear scale (7), angular scale (6), opening in the center of a semicircle (1), characterized by the fact that it is made of transparent flexible plastic, to which strong yarn (3) is attached, emerging from the axis in the center of the semicircle (1), on which rubber locking slider (4) is located, angle gauge (6) is applied to the semicircle from 0 to 180 degrees from left to right and from 360 to 180 degrees from right to left, stencils (9) are located in the center of the protractor, next to linear scale (7) there is meter scale (8), next to it there is a replica of linear scale (12), horizontal guides (5), on the sides of protractor grooves (10) are made, on which the thread is wound, all numerical symbols and scales, except for meter scale (8), are printed on the protractor with two colors – black on white background (13).

EFFECT: technical result is the increase of accuracy, speed, and also the improvement of the method of performing various combat training tasks by servicemen while working with the map.

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Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention Figure 1 relates to topographic instruments and accessories, writing and drawing accessories, drawing and measuring tools. Used when working with analogue carriers of information about the terrain (topographic maps of the General Staff) at a scale of 1: 50,000; 1: 25000; 1: 10000. And also, with aerial photographs, special maps, photographs, photoplans, photocards of various scales, including 1: 8000 scales; 1: 4000.

To determine the flat rectangular and geographical coordinates of various objects, landmarks, goals, standing points.

Definitions of the direction of movement, direct and reverse directional angle and azimuth.

Determining the coordinates of the target and adjusting the fire.

Topographic and geodetic reference to the area. Definitions of distances in meters, kilometers.

For drawing on graphic documents and cards of tactical conventional signs.

BACKGROUND

Currently, the armed forces of various countries of the world use analogues of this invention. MapTools Coordinate Scale and Protractor protractor in the USA - GTA 05-02-012, OCT 2005 Figure 2. Made of flexible, transparent plastic, it uses a thread to determine angular values in degrees and miles, linear scales for calculating the distance in meters by maps of scale 1: 100000; 1: 50,000; 1: 10000.

The disadvantages of this model are its large size, sharp corners that do not allow you to quickly put the protractor in your pocket and take it out of your pocket, the absence of a linear scale of millimeters and centimeters, there is no rubber slider for fixing threads, there are no stencils of tactical symbols.

The same company produces a group of different transports. Some models, such as the UTM coordinate scale of Figure 3, do not use a thread. In the center of the protractor is a hole through which, if necessary, a thread is threaded.

The disadvantage of this model is that a sufficiently large lace is threaded, which affects the accuracy of measuring angular values. It has a large size, sharp corners that do not allow you to quickly put the protractor in your pocket and remove it from your pocket, the absence of a linear scale of millimeters and centimeters, there is no rubber slider - a latch on the thread, there are no stencils of tactical symbols.

In Germany, during the Second World War, German troops used the W.H. 39 and the artillery circle included in the set "Karten Winkelmesser 27" Figure 4. In which, they used a string and thread to determine angular values.

At present, the Karten-Winkelmesser protractor is used in Germany. Figure 5. The disadvantage of this model is the large size, acute angles that do not allow you to quickly put the protractor in your pocket and remove it from the pocket, the absence of a slider - lock on the thread, no stencils for drawing on the card and others graphic documents of tactical conventional signs.

The Australian Army uses the RA Mils Protractor Aircraft Protractor Figure 6. The disadvantage of this model is: the lack of a slider - a latch on the thread, to measure angular values, not a degree scale is applied, but the national measure is miles, there are no stencils for drawing on the map and other graphic documents tactical conventional signs.

Close to this invention is a useful model, drawing and measuring tool of Sergievsky O.G. international application number PCT / RU 2015/000136, international publication number WO 2015/163787 A1 publication date October 29, 2015. This utility model has a linear scale, a semicircle with a scale in degrees for determining angular values.

The disadvantages of this model are: the absence of a thread with a slider - lock, the absence of stencils of tactical symbols, the lack of a scale for determining distances on a map with a scale of 1: 50,000. An incomplete degree scale is applied from 0 to 180 degrees.

The closest prototype is the protractor MGRS combo map protractor Figure 7. Application number US 29 / 416,965 publication number USD 697437 S1 published January 14, 2014. The protractor is made of flexible transparent plastic, a scale in degrees and miles for determining angular values, a scale for determining distances on maps in metric scales 1: 50,000; 1: 25000 and national measure - in miles, yards 1: 24000.

Disadvantages: large size, lack of thread with a slider - lock, lack of stencils of tactical symbols.

In the international patent bases and in the USA, information about this patent is either absent or very little.

The protractors of Figure 2 and Figure 7 are identical, have a minimum number of differences. In Figure 2, a protractor, which is already being manufactured, and adopted by the US Army Topography Department is square, in the Figure 7 patent is rectangular. Scale in miles, 1: 24000 replaced by 1: 10000. There is no thread information in the short and accessible patent information. In the manufactured protractor it is. In the drawing, the patent does not have technological holes for the thread. Technological holes are present in the manufactured protractor.

Thus, we can conclude that in Figure 2 and Figure 7 we are talking about the same protractor, which was made minor changes.

Information about the patent is located at the email address:

http://www.google.com/patents/USD697437?hl=en&dq=map+protractor

Given the above, we can draw the following conclusion: protractors with thread have been used for many decades. All possible tests and checks (including in combat conditions) were carried out by topographic administrations and services of many countries. The fact that they are used by the military proves their effectiveness and advantage compared to other drawing and measuring tools and devices when working with the map.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to improve the accuracy, speed, improvement of methods for performing various combat training tasks by military personnel when working with analogue information carriers about the terrain (paper topographic and special maps). Minimizing arithmetic, drawing lines on a map. To save time and eliminate the possibility of making errors in the calculations.

Currently, when working with a map, a wide range of various drawing and measuring tools, accessories and devices is used:

Chord angle meter, coordinate gauge, artillery circle, coordinate gauge, officer scale, compass - gauge, protractor.

When using these tools, it is imperative to conduct a large number of arithmetic operations and calculations, draw lines, and geometric figures. Which affects the speed of work and most importantly, there is a high probability of making a mistake during numerous calculations. The likelihood of a mistake increases at times during the conduct of hostilities. In addition, there are other disadvantages. Significant time is required to train a soldier to correctly use these tools. In the field, it is extremely difficult to train personnel. It is especially difficult in the case of a low level of knowledge of mathematics and geometry among military personnel. These problems will become extremely acute in the event of the formation of reserve units from former military personnel and civilians.

One of the main drawbacks in the methods of working with a map currently existing is that it is mandatory to draw lines on the map to determine azimuths, directional angles, to determine the coordinates of a target, landmark, or standing point.

Invention A military protractor aimed at solving the above problems in a simpler and easier way. It is able to solve and eliminate the disadvantages listed above. It can replace the standard drawing and measuring instruments and devices listed above. In addition, thanks to the thread, it can measure any distance on the map, which in a normal situation can be measured only with a long ruler.

Due to the fact that the Military Protractor is as simple as possible, without additional "complex" scales and graphic scales, it is possible to train the competent use of the Military Protractor and use all the capabilities in it in the shortest possible time for any military man with any level of knowledge of mathematics and geometry.

The invention of a military protractor is small in size with a semicircle, which makes it easy and quick to put it in your pocket or tablet. In order to determine the azimuth or directional angle, you do not need to draw lines on the map, for this it is enough to pull the thread. Add and subtract 180 degrees in order to know the direct or reverse azimuth and directional angle is not necessary. Since, unlike the usual transporters and officer lines, the Military Protractor has a full scale from 0 to 360 degrees. That allows you to immediately see the direct and reverse azimuth. In addition, if you use a conventional protractor or officer’s ruler, determining the azimuth to a landmark located on the left side of the vertical grid line, in this case you must add 180 degrees. In the case of the Military Protractor, this does not need to be done. Military Protractor immediately shows the desired azimuth. On the Military Protractor, the digital symbols and scales (except for the meter scale for the map 1: 50,000) are applied with two colors, black on a white background. This is done so that the indications of the protractor are clearly visible on any cards with a dark background. Including black and white photographs and aerial photographs. Several horizontal lines are drawn for the most accurate orientation and imposition of the protractor on the map in accordance with the vertical lines of the coordinate grid and the lines of the magnetic meridian. Stencils of tactical conventional signs can be replaced by those that they consider more necessary. Using a military protractor and a pencil wound around a thread, circles of various diameters can be applied to graphic documents and maps to indicate the firing range and zones of destruction of various fire systems and guns. Using the Military Protractor, you can quickly and easily determine the geographical coordinates of any objects on the map of the General Staff. And also put points on geographic coordinates. To do this, place the Military Protractor on the side frame of the card and pull the thread at an angle of 90 degrees. The fact that the protractor is marked with a full scale from 0 to 360 degrees allows you to determine the azimuth and directional angle to any landmarks and points in any part of the map on any side of the vertical line of the coordinate grid and the line of the magnetic meridian. That is, measure the azimuth to or from the object, which is in the corner of the map.

While driving along a route, there can be many reasons that will require changing it. In a standard situation with a regular map and a standard protractor, you will have to re-route on the spot. Make calculations, draw lines, etc.

If you use a Military protractor with a 1: 10,000 digitized photo card with magnetic meridian lines, then in this case you not only do not need to put route lines on the map, but you can also abandon the rule - strictly adhere to the route and calculate the distance traveled in steps. The military protractor and this map allow you to arbitrarily plot a route of movement, from one landmark that is on the map to another. On this map, unlike the map of GSh 1: 50,000 point and linear landmarks are hundreds, tens of times larger. Figure 8. The military protractor allows you to quickly and accurately determine the azimuth from one landmark to another, for this you do not need to make long stops, make additional calculations, draw lines on the map.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1. Military protractor.

Figure 2. Coordinate Scale and Protractor - GTA 5-2-12 US protractor.

Figure 3. UTM coordinate scale protractor USA.

Figure 4. Topographic protractor (kartenwinkelmesser) W.H.39 and the artillery circle of the Second World War from the "Karten Winkelmesser 27" set used by artillery calculations.

Figure 5. Karten-Winkelmesser protractor Germany.

Figure 6. BCB RA Mils Protractor Protractor Australia

Figure 7. MGRS combo map protractor protractor drawing from US patent

Figure 8. The difference in the number of point landmarks.

Figure 9. A sample of a digitized photocard of scale 1: 10000 with lines of a magnetic meridian (on a reduced scale).

Figure 10 Orientation of the map to the cardinal points using a compass.

Figure 11. Determination of the azimuth by the thread of the Military protractor on the map.

Figure 12. Determination of the standing point using a military protractor.

Figure 13. The number of arithmetic operations, the route of movement, lines for determining directional angles on a map of scale 1: 50,000 prepared in advance.

While driving along the route, we had to carry out additional calculations and draw a new route of movement.

Figure 14. On the ground are displayed: military unit 61608 and a leaflet with the route of movement. Figure 15. Determination of the standing point using point landmarks (in this case, the connection of paths).

Figure 16. The green color indicates the route traveled using the Military protractor and a photocard of scale 1: 10000.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Some ways to use a military protractor with a 1: 50,000 scale map.

1) In order to determine the directional angle from the map 1: 50000 using the Military protractor, you need to put the protractor, aligning the central axial hole of the semicircle (1) with the point of standing on the card, orient it using horizontal guides (5) with vertical lines coordinate grid and pull the thread (3) on the desired landmark. As a result, we will see the directional angle to the desired landmark. It is not necessary to draw a line on the map as it is currently done. Thus, we do not overload the card and significantly save time.

2) In order to find out the distance that is more than 10 cm from one point to another, a thread is stretched between the necessary points and a rubber slider is fixed on the thread (3) - the clamp (4). After that, the distance is calculated. To do this, winding the thread around the grooves (10), look opposite to what division of the doubler of the linear scale (12), there will be a rubber slider - lock (4). Counting is simple, since one revolution of the thread when winding it into the grooves (10) is 10 cm. Accordingly, the length of the thread from the axial hole of the semicircle (1) to the first groove (10) is 5 cm, to the opposite groove (10) is 10 cm , the next turn of the thread is another 10 cm. Thus, we wind the thread until the rubber slider - the lock is not opposite the doubler of the linear scale (12). After that, we translate the resulting cm and mm into meters. In this case, do not forget to subtract one millimeter for each bend of the thread around the protractor. This option for calculating distances is especially convenient when working with cards 1: 10000, 1: 8000, 1: 4000.

3) In order to determine the geographical coordinates of the desired landmark or point on the map, for this we put the Military protractor on the side line of the map frame, orient it using horizontal guides (5) and pull the thread at an angle of 90 degrees. Thus, we obtain degrees, minutes, seconds, latitudes and longitudes. Similarly, points are plotted on the map by geographical coordinates.

A few examples of tasks performed with the help of a military protractor and a digitalized photo card with a scale of 1: 10000 with magnetic meridian lines, without performing any calculations, arithmetic operations, directional correction, drawing lines on a map.

Task number 1 . Conditions of the problem:

Moving through the forest from landmark A to landmark B, they got lost in the forest.

A task:

Determine your standing point and continue moving to point B.

Decision:

We orient the map to the cardinal points by applying the compass of Figure 10 to the line of the magnetic meridian. We determine the approximate location of our location on the map. Mentally draw a circle on the map with the radius of the zone in which we can be. We are looking on the map for the nearest landmarks from this circle (the intersection of paths, glades, a river, ravines, hills, swamps, the end of the forest, power transmission towers, clearing, etc.). Using the Military Protractor, we determine the azimuth to the nearest selected landmark B. We measure the distance to the selected landmark B. We are moving in the desired direction. Having reached the landmark B (thereby determining the point of his standing), we determine from this place the azimuth to the landmark B Figure 11.

If, having passed the required distance, landmark B is not found, we stop and start looking for a landmark In a circle with a radius equal to the estimated radius of the circle in which they got lost. After we find landmark B, we plot the azimuth from it to landmark B.

Task number 2 . Conditions of the problem:

We went to the outskirts of the forest.

It is necessary to determine the point of your standing.

Decision:

We orient the map to the cardinal points using the lines of the magnetic meridian and the compass, compare it with the terrain. Figure 10. Determine the magnetic azimuths to any two visible landmarks on the terrain that are on the map (bushes, freestanding trees, power transmission towers, etc. ) We measure azimuths on them with a compass. Next, on the map we impose the Military protractor on the selected landmarks and pull the thread towards the forest at the desired degree. Figure 12. The intersection of azimuths will be the point of our standing.

Task number 3. Conditions of the problem:

Determine the coordinates of the detected target.

Decision:

Going to the outskirts of the forest and finding the goal, determine the point of standing, as indicated in task No. 2. Having determined the point of our standing, we determine the azimuth to the target using a compass. If there is a range finder, determine the distance to the target. Then we put a point on the map. Determine the X y coordinate of the target.

If there is no range finder. We shift to the right or left by 50-150 meters. We determine the second azimuth to the target. We put the protractor on the map, put a point at the intersection of two azimuths. We determine the X Y coordinate of the target, transfer it to the headquarters or to the battery.

The error in determining your standing point and target coordinates will be 10-20 meters. Which is comparable to civilian navigators.

After the first shot at the target, we adjust the fire to the cardinal points.

In June 2016, a prototype of a military protractor was tested in the Biryulevsky forest park. A comparative analysis was carried out. In the first case, the task was performed with a map of GS 1: 50,000 and a conventional protractor. In the second case, with a military protractor and a digitized photocard on a scale of 1: 10000 with lines of a magnetic meridian.

The following task was set:

From the north-eastern part of the forest park, the enemy leads mortar fire. It is necessary to detect and determine the coordinates of the enemy mortar battery. To do this, lay a secret route to a given area. Inspect the large clearing, small clearing, open space behind the forest.

In the first case, to accomplish the task, the driving route was plotted on a map and on a separate piece of paper on a large scale, the necessary route calculations were made. Figure 13. At the very beginning of the movement from point No. 1 to point No. 2 (after 40 meters), an “irresistible "Obstacle - fence in military unit 61608 (shown in Figure 14). As a result, I had to redraw and re-calculate the route on the spot. The obstacle had to be circumvented by the parallelogram method several times. We also had to make long stops several times to conduct new calculations and draw lines of a new route on a piece of paper. Errors were made in the calculations, as well as during the calculation of the distance traveled in pairs of steps.

In the second case (with a military protractor), the route was not applied either to the map or to a piece of paper. No calculations were made. We moved on the map.

The obstacle bypassed the right side, moved to its end. After the end of the obstacle, they established a point of standing with the help of point landmarks - paths of Figure 15. We oriented the map to the cardinal points using the compass of Figure 10. After that, using the Military Protractor, we determined the azimuth to a large glade of 346 degrees Figure 11. We continued to move along the established azimuth. Having examined a large clearing and not having discovered an enemy, using the Military Protractor and a map, the azimuth to a small clearing was determined in the same way. They also did not find the enemy. Then we went to the outskirts of the forest and continued moving along the forest. In the open space beyond the forest, a target was discovered. Set the point of their standing in the manner specified in task No. 2. After that, the coordinates of the target were determined by the method specified in task No. 3. Next, we determined the azimuth to a large meadow and returned by the same route to the starting point of the route.

In the second version, with the Military protractor, no route was plotted either on a map or on a sheet of paper, since in this area there are a large number of point and linear landmarks, thanks to which it is easy to determine your standing point, azimuth to the desired landmark, and continue moving in the desired direction.

For this reason, it was not necessary to make any calculations, arithmetic operations, draw lines on the map.

Since no calculations were made, therefore, not a single mistake was made that would lead to movement in the wrong direction.

During movement, they moved randomly, adhering to the desired azimuth. That is, they went around the rubble of trees, a steep cliff, a river where it was convenient. We did not overcome these obstacles, which saved us time and energy, saved our ammunition, and did not lose our vigilance and attentiveness while driving.

Test Result:

A military man who knows the military topography, mathematics, and geometry can accomplish the task with the help of the GS 1: 50,000 card and a conventional protractor. If he does not make mistakes during the calculations when preparing the route. And also, during the restructuring of the route and conducting new calculations on the spot (in Figure 13 only part of the arithmetic operations and route lines that were carried out during the preparation of the route are indicated). The preparation of such a specialist requires considerable time.

If you complete the task with the help of a military protractor and a digitalized photo card with a scale of 1: 10000 with lines of a magnetic meridian. In this case, the task can be performed by any soldier trained to work with this card and the Military Protractor. Regardless of the level of knowledge of mathematics and geometry. You can train in competent work with this card and the Military Protractor within one week.

Similarly, taking into account the disclosure of the invention in the description, a specialist in this field can be obtained, made other features of the invention, which are covered by the claims below.

Claims (7)

1. Military protractor containing a linear scale (7), a goniometric scale (6), an opening in the center of the semicircle (1), characterized in that it is made of transparent flexible plastic, to which a strong thread (3) is attached, coming out of the axis in the center semicircle (1), on which there is a rubber slider-clamp (4), the goniometer scale (6) is plotted on the semicircle from 0 to 180 degrees from left to right and from 360 to 180 degrees from right to left, stencils (9) are located in the center of the protractor, next with a linear scale (7) plotted meter scale (8) to calculate p distances in meters, a linear scale doubler (12) is applied next to it, horizontal guides (5) are applied below and above the scale, grooves (10) are made on the sides of the protractor on which the thread is wound, while the end of the thread is attached to one of the recesses fixations (11), all numerical designations and scales, except for a meter scale (8), are put on a protractor in two colors - black on a white background (13). 2. Military protractor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of transparent flexible plastic (PET) resistant to kink during bending. 3. A military protractor according to claim 1, characterized in that a goniometric scale is applied to it from 0 to 360 degrees. 4. The military protractor according to claim 1, characterized in that the stencils are located on it, located in the center of the protractor for applying stencils of tactical symbols on a card, fire card, and other graphic documents. 5. Military protractor according to claim 1, characterized in that the thread fixed in the center of the semicircle, in tension, determines the angle according to the goniometer scale. 6. The military protractor according to claim 1, characterized in that a rubber slider-clamp is strung on the thread, which moves with little effort along the thread, at rest, without human influence, the clamp does not spontaneously slip on the thread. 7. Military protractor according to claim 1, characterized in that a meter scale (8) is applied to it to measure distances in meters on maps of scale 1: 50,000.

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