RU2646881C1 - Training and practical subcaliber projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapon.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the field of artillery shells of auxiliary purpose, namely to training and practical projectiles that are used for training or demonstration shooting, as well as in military sports competitions. Upon firing, the upper girdle 22 and the lower girdle 25 are destroyed, the hood 21 is separated from the detachable master device 7, when opening the channels 18 for the expiration of the powder gases from the chargeable volume to the pre-charge space, and is thrown out behind the muzzle end of the gun. After the projectile leaves the channel, the guns of sector 8 or 9 are separated from the subcaliber body.

EFFECT: due to the trajectory of the subcaliber body, which essentially coincides with the trajectory of the given caliber ball projectile, and the initial speed of the training and practical subcaliber projectile, which is substantially equal to the initial velocity of the predetermined caliber ball projectile, the possibility of shooting with the use of firing tables for caliber ball projectiles is ensured.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of artillery shells for auxiliary purposes, namely, the practical-practical shells used for training or demonstration firing, as well as in military sports competitions.

A plumage stabilized practical projectile is known, comprising a caliber body made with the same mass, center of mass and dimensions as the corresponding projectile to ensure the coincidence of the trajectories of both shells (US 4211168, 08/08/1980).

The present invention is directed to the creation of a practical and practical projectile, which allows to reduce the cost of its manufacture due to the possibility of using polymer composite materials and simplifying the production technology while maintaining the same firing conditions at all ranges of the practical and practical projectile due to the optimization of parameters such as projectile caliber flight, its flight mass and shape factor.

The present invention is an educational practical sub-caliber projectile comprising a sub-caliber body having a head part, an intermediate part and a tail part; detachable master device; while the sub-caliber case is made with a midship, mass and shape factor selected from the condition of providing its trajectory, which substantially coincides with the trajectory of a given combat caliber projectile, and the detachable host device is made with channels communicating the projectile volume with pre-projectile space for the outflow of standard powder gases propellant charge in the channel of the gun’s barrel when firing to ensure the initial speed of the training-practical sub-caliber projectile, essentially equal to the initial velocity adana military caliber projectile.

The detachable master device can be made in the form of sectors associated with a sub-caliber housing with an interdigital connection.

These channels can be made inside at least part of the sectors.

These channels can be formed by grooves made on at least one part of adjacent sectors facing one another.

These channels may have a reinforcing lining.

The inter-comb connection can be made in the form of corresponding annular protrusions and depressions on the outer surface of the intermediate part of the sub-caliber housing and the inner surface of the sectors of the detachable master device, and these protrusions and depressions are made with an axisymmetric profile having inclined lateral sides.

The head part of the sub-caliber case can be closed by a cap connected to a detachable master device with the possibility of their separation in the channel of the gun barrel during firing and the subsequent ejection of the cap over the muzzle of the gun barrel before the departure of the sub-caliber case with a detachable master device.

The cap can be mounted on a sub-caliber housing in a sliding fit.

To ensure stability on the flight path, the tail section of the sub-caliber housing can be equipped with a stabilizer.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, where

in FIG. 1 shows a partial section through an educational and practical sub-caliber projectile;

in FIG. 2 is a side view of the sub-caliber case;

in FIG. 3 is a view A of a practical subcaliber projectile shown in FIG. one;

in FIG. 4 is a general view of a sector of a detachable master device with a channel inside;

in FIG. 5 is a general view of a sector of a detachable master device, on both surfaces of which are facing adjacent sectors, grooves are made to form channels.

As shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the training practical podkalibernoy projectile contains podkalibernaya case 1 having a head part 2, an intermediate part 3 and a tail part 4 with a stabilizer 5, for example, in the form of plumage 6. For the manufacture of podkalibernogo case 1 can be used in various materials, such as metal non-metallic, including polymer composite materials, which simplify the manufacturing technology of parts of the body.

In order for the sub-caliber case 1 to have a trajectory that substantially coincides with the trajectory of a predetermined high-explosive caliber projectile, for example high-explosive fragmentation or cumulative, at the same initial velocity, specific midship and mass are determined empirically and / or by numerical simulation of problems of continuous mechanics sub-caliber case 1, as well as the specific configuration of the head part 2, which determines the shape factor of the sub-caliber case 1.

Podkalibernaya case 1 is equipped with a detachable master device 7 to provide guidance on the barrel of a gun (not shown) when fired. The detachable master device 7 is made in the form of sectors 8 (Figs. 1 and 4) or sectors 9 (Fig. 5) connected to the intermediate part 3 of the sub-caliber housing 1 by an interdigital connection in the form of annular protrusions 10 and depressions 11 on the outer surface of the intermediate part 3 subcaliber case 1 (Fig. 1 and 2) and their corresponding depressions 12 and protrusions 13 on the inner surface of the sectors 8 or 9 of the detachable master device 7 (Fig. 1, 4 and 5).

These protrusions and depressions are made with an axisymmetric profile having inclined sides 14, 15 (Fig. 2) and 16, 17 (Figs. 4 and 5). This embodiment of the anti-comb connection ensures a snug fit of the corresponding protrusions and depressions under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases of the propellant charge even when firing from a worn gun barrel and contributes to the correct functioning of the training apparatus in the barrel bore when firing.

The mass of the training and practical projectile of the present invention is less than the mass of a given caliber projectile, therefore, to ensure the initial speed of the training and practical of the projectile, substantially equal to the initial speed of a given caliber projectile when firing at a standard propelling charge, the detachable host device 7 has channels 18 (FIGS. 1 and 3), reporting a projectile volume with pre-projectile space, for the expiration of powder gases of a standard propellant charge in the channel of the gun’s barrel at boom. Channels 18 can be made inside part of sectors 8 or in each sector 8 (Figs. 1 and 3) depending on the choice of a particular combination of midsection, mass, and shape factor of the sub-caliber housing 1. In another embodiment of the present invention, the channels 18 are formed by grooves 19 made by on facing one another surfaces of adjacent sectors 9 (Fig. 5).

Since the channels 18 are exposed to propellant gases of a propellant charge, they can, if necessary, have a reinforcing lining 20, for example, of aluminum or its alloy.

To protect the head part 2 of the sub-caliber case 1 in official circulation and during passage along the path of the automatic loading system of the tank gun, it is closed with a cap 21 connected to sectors 8 or 9 of a detachable master device 7, for example, with an upper girdle 22 or with glue. The strength of the connection of the cap 21 with the detachable master device 7 is chosen so as to ensure their separation in the channel of the gun barrel when firing and the subsequent ejection of the cap 21 for the muzzle of the gun barrel before the departure of the armor case 1 with the detachable master device 7. In addition, due to the connection of the cap 21 with a detachable master device 7 and the presence of a cavity 23 in the cap 21, into which the propellant gases of the propellant charge enter during firing, the cap 21 is also a means of forcing, as it prevents expiration juices of powder gases prior to their separation with a detachable master device 7. In order to prevent the cap 21 from skewing when moving along the sub-caliber housing 1 during separation, a thickening 24 is made on the inner surface of the cap 21, covering the sub-caliber housing 1 in a sliding fit.

The lower belt 25 connects the sectors 8 or 9 to ensure the safety of the detachable master device 7 in service. In addition, the lower belt 25 provides a bite of the training-practical sub-caliber projectile in the inlet cone of the gun’s chamber when loading.

When fired, a practical training projectile under the influence of powder gases of a standard propellant charge begins to move after reaching the boost pressure. In this case, the upper girdle 22 and the lower girdle 25 are destroyed, and the cap 21 is separated from the detachable master device 7, opening channels 18 for the outflow of powder gases from the projectile volume into the pre-projectile space, and is thrown out for the muzzle end of the gun. The speed of the training and practical sub-caliber projectile is ensured essentially equal to the speed of a given combat caliber projectile, which has a knownly large mass, not only due to energy loss due to powder gases flowing through channels 18, but also due to a decrease in the area of the detachable master device 7, which is affected by powder gases. After the projectile leaves the channel of the gun’s barrel, the force on the sectors 8 or 9 of the force holding them from the side of the channel of the barrel ceases, and they are separated from the sub-caliber housing 1 both under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases in the channels 18 and under the action of the incoming air flow.

Due to the trajectory of the sub-caliber shell 1, which substantially coincides with the trajectory of a predetermined caliber projectile, and the initial speed of the training-practical sub-caliber projectile, essentially equal to the initial speed of a given caliber projectile, it is possible to fire using firing tables for caliber warheads, which allows you to use the training and practical sub-caliber projectile of the present invention when training the crew of the tank or combat calculation skills aimed sighting fights, in military sports competitions and demonstration firing without additional costs and time. This is also facilitated by the use of a standard propelling charge for firing with a practical-practical projectile.

Claims (12)

1. Training and practical subcaliber projectile, including: - sub-caliber housing having a head part, an intermediate part and a tail part; - detachable master device; while the sub-caliber case is made with a midship, mass and shape factor selected from the condition of providing its trajectory, which substantially coincides with the trajectory of a given combat caliber projectile, and the detachable host device is made with channels communicating the projectile volume with pre-shell space for the outflow of powder gases of a standard propellant charge in the channel of the gun’s barrel when firing to ensure the initial speed of the training-practical sub-caliber projectile, essentially equal to the initial velocity adana military caliber projectile. 2. The projectile according to claim 1, in which the detachable master device is made in the form of sectors associated with a sub-caliber body with an on-comb connection. 3. The projectile according to claim 2, in which these channels are made inside at least part of the sectors. 4. The projectile according to claim 2, in which these channels are formed by grooves made on facing at least one part of the surfaces of at least part of adjacent sectors. 5. The projectile according to claim 1, in which these channels have a reinforcing lining. 6. The projectile according to claim 2, in which the inter-comb connection is made in the form of corresponding annular protrusions and depressions on the outer surface of the intermediate part of the sub-caliber housing and the inner surface of the sectors of the detachable master device, said protrusions and depressions being made with an axisymmetric profile having inclined lateral side. 7. The projectile according to claim 1, in which the head of the sub-caliber case is closed by a cap connected to a detachable master device with the possibility of their separation in the channel of the gun barrel during firing and subsequent ejection of the cap for the muzzle end of the gun barrel before the departure of the sub-caliber case with a detachable master device. 8. The projectile according to claim 7, in which the cap is mounted on a sub-caliber housing on a sliding landing. 9. The projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in which the tail is equipped with a stabilizer.

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