RU2642864C1 - Method of oil and petroleum products collection from the water surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental protection.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to environment protection and may be used for containment and collection of oil and oil products from the water surface. Oil receiving receptacle and the oil absorbent material, which are made in the form of sponge made of polyurethane foam, are used. Sponge from polyurethane foam is fixed on the flexible mesh and stitched in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Mesh with the sponge is placed on the spot of the spill and installed by means of the helicopter with the hoisting swivel collector, with the main boom of smaller diameter that envelopes the mesh and is fixed with it using flexible bonds from the outside of the flexible mesh with the sponge. Mesh with the sponge is fixed by means of pulling devices to the oil skimmer vessel. On the outside of the main boom of smaller diameter, the additional boom of bigger diameter is used, which is attached to at least two tug boats, which are designed as floating vehicles on the air stream. As the propulsor, the inflator is used in the form of the impeller, the air from the nozzle is supplied at the angle to the bottom of the floating device in the form of the pneumatic channel, which creates the hydrodynamic jet of high pressure. Impeller nozzle is attached that can be connected using the tube to the pressure receiver, which is placed on the deck of the tug boat on the air stream. Through the tube with the valve it is connected to the larger diameter boom, the latter is made in the form of the pneumatic line with nozzles, which are directed inward towards the shielded main boom of the smaller diameter, which is connected to the mesh using the sponge.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and reliability of preparation of oil and petroleum products collection from the water surface is ensured.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the protection of the environment and is intended for the localization and collection of stains of oil or oil products on the water surface, including its powerful flow on any water surface. It is possible to use the invention for the elimination and collection of emergency oil spills around offshore and river oil terminals, offshore oil tankers, offshore drilling platforms, in the shallow waters of coastal areas of the territory that are threatened by an oil spill.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The number of transport vessels carrying oil in the world's seas is constantly growing, and therefore the risk of an oil spill is higher than ever. If an oil spill occurs, speed is the most important response. The faster the oil spill area can be isolated and the oil collected from the surface of the water, the less problems that can arise for nature and people, and thereby lower the cost of the rescue operation as a whole.

Currently, various oil-containing booms are known that can be relatively quickly dropped into the water from a ship or from a helicopter. Similarly, various oil collectors and equivalent oil collectors based on brush technology, as well as various suction devices, are known in one way or another to remove oil from the surface of the water.

However, existing devices are designed to work in two stages, when they first prevent the spread of oil and effectively limit it to a specific area using booms. Then the oil is removed from this limited surface. The activation of oil removal devices usually takes a long time, since various collection tanks or oil collectors or equivalent collection devices need to be put in place. Slow start of the collection operation often leads to a situation where a certain amount of oil leaves, the weather conditions become unfavorable, and the collection has to be postponed, hoping only until that time that the oil will remain within the area limited by bonds.

It should be noted that what is currently published on the Internet is “Sponge Oil” (Website): http://www.nanonewsnet.ru/news/2017/sozdana-gubka-sposobnaya-Ochistit-okean-Of-nefti-nefteproduktov.

On this site it is noted that oil and its refined products are today the main polluting oceans of our planet - and this is due to oil. From 8 to 20 million barrels of oil are deliberately discharged into the waters annually. And for quite some time, scientists puzzled over how to efficiently and inexpensively clean water from spilled oil products.

Specialists from the Argon National Laboratory under the U.S. Department of Energy have developed a completely new generation of sponges, which, not only can be reusable, also absorb oil and its processed products not only from the surface of the water, but even under water. The development was called "Oleo Sponge". After the sponge has absorbed oil, it is squeezed out on special machines, after which it again becomes suitable for work. The base of the sponge is a regular polyurethane foam, which perfectly absorbs liquids. The main problem was that this material did not distinguish between ordinary water and oily oil, absorbing both. That is why the researchers had to modify the polyurethane foam somewhat, using a process called “synthesis of sequential infiltration”. The sponge began to give preference to oily liquids, absorbing them, while leaving water outside. At the same time, the new sponge absorbs not only oil and its processed products, but also diesel fuel and all kinds of oils of various origin - it has a wide scope of application, but the constructive application scheme has not yet been solved in practice.

A known method of separating immiscible liquids with different specific gravities and a device for its implementation, including gravitational sediment mixture in the tank and the removal of separate phases outside the tank, and that after the accumulation of a layer of light phase in the settling zone in the heterogeneous state of the phases, the phases are output to the drives, and the beginning and end of the withdrawal of the heavy and light phases from the zone of gravitational sludge is judged by the position of the transition layer, while the ratio of the thicknesses of the layers of the separated phases is kept proportional to separately the weights, and removal of the separated phases is performed drives the heavy and light phases separate streams (Patent RU №2048644, Cl. C02F 1/40 from 20.11.1995).

However, the known method separates only the liquid constituting the emulsion after the accumulation of the light phase layer in the heterogeneous state of the phases, in addition, it must withstand the power ratio of their layers, maintaining proportional to their specific gravities, and then the separation of the separated phases is carried out through the drives in separate streams. In addition, the main disadvantage is the inability to absorb only oil and petroleum products of various origins, compared with the above.

A known method of cleaning surfaces from oil and oil products, including surface treatment with a dispersed polymer-containing composite material followed by regeneration or disposal of the spent product, in which a linear polymer with an unlimited degree of swelling in the oil product deposited on an inert filler is used (Patent, RU No. 2471041, EB02B 15/04, C02F 1/28, C09K 3/32, B01J 20/32 dated 03/02/2011).

The disadvantage of this method is that at the place of the spill of oil and oil products are placed to obtain a sorbent, while additionally delivered in containers, in one of which is a linear polymer with an unlimited degree of swelling in the oil product. However, as noted above, this process of application of the material cannot separate and absorb only oily liquid of various origin without mixing with water. He cannot give preference to oily liquids, absorbing them, while leaving water outside. This is one of the main problems of the known material.

A device is also known for collecting oil from a water surface, including a flexible boom, one end of which is connected to a tugboat, and the other to an oil collector having an oil pumping means. On the inside of the boom there is a flexible sheet cloth with the possibility of removal (Copyright certificate SU No. 1537749, k. Е02В 15/04 of 03/01/1990).

A disadvantage of the known device is that it is not efficient enough in the collection of oil or oil product spills and does not allow for the rapid collection of oil or oil product, in particular due to the impossibility of bringing it into working condition in a relatively short period of time, as well as for objects with different speeds The flow of water, in addition, is not suitable for the shallow water of coastal areas of the territory threatened by an oil spill. In addition, there is no provision for a more efficient fitting of oil (directional movement) to the absorbent material enclosed on a flexible grid with a sponge and connected to the main boom barrier of small diameter, enveloping the outer side of the grid with tightening devices.

A device is also known for the localization of floating contaminants, including a boom, fixed by a connecting end to the ship. The specified boom boom is equipped with a detachable connecting element consisting of two parts, one of which is mounted on the bow of the boat, the other on the free end of the boom with the possibility of mechanical pairing of one part with another. In this case, the boom is hollow and connected to a source of compressed air (Copyright certificate SU No. 1759235, class F02B 15/04 of 08/30/1992).

This device is not effective enough in operation, since it is quite difficult to carry out the closure of a boom barrier, especially during a period of unrest on a water surface. In addition, this device for collecting oil is unsuitable for the localization and collection of oil over a large area. Another disadvantage is that it has a limited scope, for example, near coastal terminals or in closed waters, it requires autonomous towing means to pull up the boom, but is not suitable for the shallow water of coastal areas of the territory that are threatened by an oil spill. In addition, there is no provision for a more efficient fitting of oil (directional movement) to the absorbent material enclosed on a flexible grid with a main boom barrier of small diameter enveloping the outside of the grid with pull-up devices.

Also known is a means for quickly filling the boom sleeve by means of cans with CO ₂ gas or other gas located on the boom skirt (US Patent No. 5197821 of 03/30/1993). However, this filling takes time and instantly in this case this process cannot occur. With regard to the placement of the boom fence on the carrier ship, it is known that the boom fence can be stored in one place in assembled form (US Patent No. 5197821).

In addition, it is known from sources that the boom should be secured to the vessel, and with the help of easily detachable mounts. However, all this applies to special purpose ships designed to deal with the consequences of accidents.

A device is also known for localizing the collection of oil or oil products from the surface of the water, comprising a skimmer vessel with oil pumping means, a hollow flexible boom connected at one end to a tugboat, it contains a second tugboat connected to the other end of the boom, the skimmer vessel is made in the form of a catamaran, the hull of which is attached to the frame located between them, inside of which on the vertical axes having drives, there is a series of drums along the length of the frame and at least there are a number of drums along its height, and a separate boom tape is wound on each drum, having connecting elements at the ends for mechanical coupling with adjacent tapes, while the boom is made with the possibility of connecting it to a source of compressed air and discharging air from them. The boom has the ability to disconnect from the tugs and lock it in a ring (Patent RU No. 2249078, CL E 02B 15/04 of 03/27/2005).

The invention provides sufficient efficiency of localization and collection of oil or oil products due to the coverage of a large area of their spill and the speed of deployment of the boom, as well as due to the possibility of simultaneous coagulation of its other part.

However, this device, in combination with a special tug, is a special means of eliminating an environmental accident that has already occurred, which comes to the aid of a vessel, for example, an injured person, after some time. At the same time, it is necessary that the towing device can separately attach a boom to its end, while tugs additionally place compressors for pumping air into the boom cavity, which is rather cumbersome and difficult to operate. In addition, for additional air pumping into the boom cavity, it is necessary to place an additional compressor, which must be installed on an oil catamaran to fill the booms with air, but this requires not only a large amount of it, but also time, and, accordingly, the cost of filling the booms in large volumes, when the air will be constantly consumed, leaving the boom. As a result, there is no instantaneous constant filling of booms, for example, in a situation in which a more efficient fitting of oil (directional movement) to an absorbent material enclosed on a flexible grid (sponge) equipped with a main small-diameter boom fence and enveloping the outside should be provided grids with tighteners. As a result, there is no instantaneous constant filling (replenishment) in a situation of constant flow of compressed air, if necessary, directly ring the places of potential leakage of oil or oil products, or spots on a large area during unrest at sea to prevent the spread of the spill on the water surface, in addition, there is no possibility the use of a tugboat in shallow water while receiving compressed air in the conditions of coastal areas of the coastal strip of the territory, which threatened oil spill, which dramatically reduces the effectiveness of the boom.

An additional search among solutions known in science and technology that have the same essential features showed that it is necessary to bring as an analog a device for installing a boom on a water surface using a helicopter. The essence of the known invention: the device contains the external suspension of the helicopter, swivel current collector, articulated truss, electric locks, a view with booms, suspended from the electric lock for cargo slings and equipped with a coupler, and other elements (Patent RU No. 2022101, CL Е02В 15/04 from 10.30.1994, as well as SU No. 1767085, class ЕВВ 15/04 from 07.10.1992). These technical solutions allow the delivery of the device to the oil spill view with booms for lowering into the water. In this case, the helicopter continues to fly over the oil slick in the desired direction and performs the layout (unwinding) of the boom as self-inflating, and booms with hard buoyancy. However, in our proposal, its design will be necessary for the delivery of a flexible grid with absorbent material in the form of a sponge mounted on a grid ringed on the outer surface with a small diameter boom fence and placed inside an additional large diameter boom fence, pumped into it halfway with compressed air from the vessel to pneumatic flow (the detailed operation of this device is described: Patent RU No. 2600555, class B60V 1/04, B60V 3/06 of 10/20/2016).

The closest to the claimed technical essence and the achieved result, selected as a prototype, is a device for collecting oil from the water surface, including an endless belt mounted on a drive and tension drum, a cylindrical squeezing roller and an oil recovery tray, while the endless belt is made of oil-resistant material and is equipped with an oil-absorbing material placed on it with the formation of outwardly transverse folds (Patent RU No. 20046549, class E02B 15/04 of 01/30/1994).

A disadvantage of the known method of collecting oil from the surface of the water is that when collecting oil, although it can be extracted from the surface of the water, the method limits and prevents the mixing of oily liquids with water, i.e. absorbs both, and the absorbent material does not distinguish between ordinary water and oily oil, as already noted above. Thus, there is no effective and inexpensive means of absorbent material in the form of a sponge with a modified polystyrene foam, which could be fixed on a flexible grid with a different area and placed on the surface of the water, while being suitable for reusable use. In addition, the known device and method of absorbent material has limited, ineffective use - only for narrow bands of oil spills or oil products. There is no possibility of a closed surface of water with an oil spill, which does not provide for more efficient fitting of oil and oil products (directional movement) to a flexible grid with a sponge (absorbent material), enclosed with a main boom barrier of small diameter, enveloping the outside of the grid with a sponge associated with it and with pull-up devices, and consequently, the load on the small-diameter boom, connected by flexible connections with the grid around its circumference, is distributed evenly from the side of the action of an additional boom barrier of large diameter, which is constantly filled with compressed air with exhaust nozzles into the oil slick when both ends of the boom are fixed at the end, for example, with locks or secured. This, in turn, makes it easier to move the net with an absorbent oil sponge to the side with a device for delivering oil to the receiving device with the help of pulling-up tensioning devices and pulling it to the oil recovery vessel.

The purpose of the invention

The aim of this invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the existing prior art mentioned above. In particular, the purpose of the invention is to describe a new method for collecting oil, which allows you to respond to an oil spill immediately after additional large-diameter booms have been deployed around the spill site or before an ongoing oil spill. In addition, the use of the device for the operation of a new tugboat made by a floating vehicle in a pneumatic stream, made as an impeller and used to create compressed air both for the tug movement and for the direct supply and accumulation of compressed air in a receiver mounted on the tug deck, its practical implementation on the water inside the shell of the boom of compressed air and at an angle to it the outlet nozzles of the compressed air pumped into them from the impeller are made, fixed on a floating vehicle in a pneumatic flow, and serves to maintain the positive buoyancy of the booms in a horizontal position, as well as the relative ease of connecting its practical implementation as a whole with better controllability (this can only be compared by refueling an airplane in the air with a combustible product directly in flight), in addition, it makes collecting faster, easier and less expensive.

This problem is solved by the method of collecting oil and oil from the surface of the water, involving the use of an oil receiving tank and an oil-absorbing material, using an absorbent material made in the form of a polyurethane foam sponge, mounted on a flexible grid applied to the spill, installed by means of a helicopter with a swivel- a current collector, with the envelope of the grid and with the main bonds fixed to it with flexible connections, a smaller boom barrier on the outside of the flexible grid with a sponge, while the mesh with a sponge is sewn with seams in the longitudinal and transverse directions and secured with tightening devices to the oil recovery vessel, in addition, additional boom of a larger diameter, which is attached at least at least, is used at least from the outside of the main boom fence of a smaller diameter to two tugs, made in the form of floating vehicles in a pneumatic flow, and as a propulsion device a discharge device in the form of an impeller, the air from the nozzle of which is used fed at an angle to the bottom of the floating means in the form of a pneumatic channel creating a high-pressure hydrodynamic jet, and the impeller nozzle is connected with the possibility of connecting it with a pressure receiver located on the tug deck on the air flow, and through a tube with a crane connect to a larger diameter boom cavity, moreover, the latter is made in the form of a pneumatic pipeline with nozzles directed inward towards the enclosed main boom fence of a smaller diameter associated with a grid with a sponge - absorbent material.

In addition, the collection and removal of oil or oil product is carried out by means of at least one oil recovery vessel with pull-up devices of a main boom of small diameter simultaneously with an absorbent sponge.

In addition, prior to pumping out contaminants, a container container is fixed near the hull of the oil recovery vessel, which is rigidly fixed to the boom mounted on board the oil recovery vessel with the ability to move the storage container relative to the operating position outside the vessel.

In addition, after compression and containment of an oil or oil product spill and the squeezing of a flexible grid with a sponge that absorbs oil, it again becomes suitable for operation as a repeated mobile boom barrier, which is placed inside an additional larger boom barrier using a helicopter, and finally collection of oil spills or oil products.

In addition, situational models of an oil or oil product spill on a specific section of the water surface are preliminarily developed, taking into account the nature of movement on the water surface and meteorological parameters, the speed of the water along the width of the oil spill in different seasonal periods and the speed of movement, the composition of forces and means for localizing and eliminating the spill oil and petroleum products, and they select for implementation the situation model closest to the real situation.

In addition, from the stern of the tug in the air stream at the outlet of the air stream, there are rudders with pivoting shields fixed to the rear wall of the stern and located at the same level as the bottom of the pneumatic channel, in which air pressure is created due to the discharge device in the form of an impeller.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It should be noted that the sponges can have any configuration or size, for example, squares, mats, foams, pillows, rectangles, spheres, etc. Sponges can be connected to each other on a grid in order to facilitate their collection and used as an oil-absorbing floating boom partition between water and a wetted surface of oil to absorb the maximum possible amount of contaminant, then the grid with a sponge is lifted up and can be reused using a squeezing device or another device that provides physical compression.

The floating pneumatic tugboat has the necessary landing in the water surface, under the bottom of which a high-pressure gas-dynamic jet is formed to receive compressed air in the mode of moving the tugboat on the pneumatic stream and at the same time the air can be supplied to the receiver, then into the cavity of an additional boom of larger diameter, made in the form of a pneumatic pipeline with nozzles , i.e. everything happens in one device both in motion and on a riser with elements of mechanical coupling (not shown). The floating tugboat in the pneumatic flow has small dimensions (dimensions), high tractive effort, simple reversal of the course, and also easily controllable even at sharp turns. Such a tugboat in air flow can move along a solid surface, since it does not have a propeller with blades at the back of the stern.

An additional boom fence of a larger diameter is mounted so that its nozzles are directed towards the enclosed main boom fence, bordering and connected by flexible ties to a grid on which jaws are sewn, stitched with seams in the longitudinal and transverse directions. When the grid with the sponge is moved by means of a winch to the side of the oil recovery vessel, the sponge is further pressed into the container container. As a result of the action of the air leaving the nozzles of the boom of a larger diameter relative to the main boom, due to the hydro-jet jets emerging from the nozzle, it is possible to achieve facilitated movement in general for pulling the net with a sponge with an oil slick with pulling devices to the hull of the oil recovery vessel, t .e. enhances the effect of fitting oil to the container-container as a whole. In this case, the main boom fence of a smaller diameter is gradually disconnected from the flexible connections from the grid with a sponge, the latter is squeezed by a special machine. At the same time, oil without water is collected at the bottom of the container container, from where it booms on board the oil recovery vessel or can be pumped onto the vessel, while the oil container either empties or changes to another as the oil accumulates. If the sponge is fully pressed, it again becomes suitable for work with the network.

After releasing the network with the sponge from oil, the device is again connected by flexible connections to a smaller diameter boom barrier, then by means of a helicopter the device is delivered to the place of a possible oil or oil product spill and lowered into the water inside the installed additional larger diameter boom barrier equipped with nozzles and fixed with tightening devices to the oil recovery vessel, i.e. the helicopter continues to fly over the oil spot in the desired direction and arranges the network with an absorbent sponge (unwinding in the form of a lowering parachute with slings and cargo), after which it is reset due to the activation of the electric lock on it. Thus, this device allows you to install from a helicopter inside an additional boom fence of a larger diameter, which is moved by a floating air tow, the operation of which is described above. In this case, the main boom boom connected with the net and with the sponge can be self-inflating, as well as boom booms with hard buoyancy, discharged from the helicopter.

In general, the predominant use of the proposed technical solution is associated with a complex of operations with boom crossings and the use of vehicles, which allows you to preliminarily develop situational models of oil or oil products spills on a specific section of the water surface, taking into account the nature of its movement: meteorological parameters, speed gradient along the length and width water surface in different seasonal periods, including the most probable trajectories of the spill spot, its size ries and speed of movement, the composition of forces for localizing and eliminating the spill of oil or oil products, thereby choosing the model closest to the real situation for lifting the collected oil from the water surface to the oil recovery vessel for implementation. An essential feature of such a network with a sponge is its sufficient ultimate tensile strength so that it can be generally, after being squeezed out on a special machine with speed and efficiency of collection, again the device should be suitable for operation. As a result of the entire operation of collecting oil or oil products according to the invention, the spreading of oil is prevented, which leads to the effective collection and removal of oil from the surface of the water.

The claimed method is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an implementation of a method using booms around an oil slick, general view; in FIG. 2 illustrates a helicopter suspension device with installation of a smaller diameter boom fence with a net; in FIG. 3 shows a floating tugboat in compressed air flow; in FIG. 4 shows a section of a boom with a nozzle; in FIG. 5 is a rear view of the rear of the tugboat in compressed air flow.

A water surface contaminated by an oil stain is enclosed by a larger diameter boom 1 and 2, which are attached at one end on both sides of the oil recovery vessel 3. In addition, the method has additional boom 4 and 5 booms. Each boom 4 and 5 is fixed at one end to a container. a container 6, on top of which a squeezing device (not shown) is attached, under which a container-container 6 is placed for collecting pressed oil products. In this case, each boom barrier 4 and 5 with the other end is connected to the adjacent boom barrier 1 and 2. The cavity of the barriers 1, 2, 4 and 5 are interconnected. To keep the booms 1, 2, 4, and 5 afloat, they have pneumatic pipelines (not shown) communicated through a fitting with flexible hoses (not shown) to the receiver 7 through a gas pipe 8 with an adjustable cock 9. The receiver 7 is placed on the deck of each pulling tugs 10 and 11, where the booms 1 and 2 with their other ends are attached to the tugs 10 and 11 in a pneumatic flow with a flat platform to the stern. In addition, the receiver 7 at the inlet has a gas pipe 12 with an adjustable valve 13, brought out on top of the deck to be able to connect it to the receiver 7.

In addition, in the pipelines of the booms 1, 2, 4 and 5 from the side of the enclosed space, nozzles 14 with check valves 15 (for example, made of rubber) are made, directed towards the boom 16 of a smaller diameter.

In this case, the boom 16 with flexible connections 17 is fixed to the flexible fence 18, which is connected with the grid 19 inside it with an absorbent sponge 20 over the entire area of the grid 19, forming a closed loop around the oil slick.

Compressed air is supplied to the nozzle 14 of the boom barriers 1 and 2 from the receiver 7 mounted on the deck of the tugboat 10 and 11 in a pneumatic flow.

The tugboats 10 and 11 in a flat platform airflow include a floating vehicle for generating compressed air and traction in the form of an impeller 21 in a casing located in the bow of each tugboat 10 and 11, where the air moves in an enclosed space. As a result of the fact that the impeller device 21 has curved blades with a rotor and a stator, the air flow is directed under pressure directly under the bottom into the pneumatic channel, creating a high-pressure gas-dynamic jet along the length of the vessel. The impeller nozzle of the tugboat 10 and 11 has a gas pipe 12 at the output end with an adjustable valve 13, which is led out onto the deck for possible connection to receiver 7, then air enters from the receiver through an exhaust gas pipe 8 with adjustable valve 9, which is connected to the fitting ( not shown) of the boom 1 and 2 together with the installation of the tugboat 10 and 11.

The steering column in tow 10 and 11 can be made using the design with a horizontal rail (not shown), made in the form of gear protrusions, a node that is connected by adjustable rods 22 and 23 with rudders 24 and 25, mounted on the axis of rotation with controlled flaps 26 and 27. Traction rods on the deck of the tugboat 10 and 11 are made similar to the steering wheel of a car.

A floating tugboat 10 and 11 in a pneumatic flow using a pneumatic channel in it under its bottom provides increased speed and traction of the tugboat, cornering stability. The absence of propellers provides a floating tug 10 and 11 in a pneumatic flow with a flat platform in working condition for working in shallow water, where various obstacles are possible, for example, pebbles protruding from the water, sand, etc., especially near the coastline.

The mesh 19 with an absorbent sponge 20, placed inside the boom 16 of a smaller diameter, is pushed towards the direction of the container-container 6 when moving from the boom 1 and 2, and therefore the mesh 19 of the enclosed space with the absorbent sponge 20 oil spots correspondingly attached to it pulling devices 28 and 29 in the form of winches, are pulled and stacked on coils 30 and 31, while the network 18 with a sponge 20 are squeezed by a special device, and the oil itself is collected in a container-container 6, then delivered on board an oil recovery vessel 3.

The method comprises an auxiliary device, for example, with the external suspension of a helicopter 32, a swivel current collector 33, a farm 34 articulated with it, an electric lock 35 and a view 36 with a boom 16 with a net 19 with a sponge 20, suspended from the electric lock 35 by cargo slings 37 ( screed lock not shown).

The claimed method of collecting oil and oil products from the surface of the water is as follows.

A situational model of an oil (oil product) spill is being developed, taking into account the nature of the outflow (rupture, leakage, etc.), meteorological parameters, the velocity gradient across the width of the water surface at different seasonal periods for the movement of the oil slick during an oil spill. Oil spill modeling is carried out for various scenarios that determine the combination of conditions for the occurrence, distribution and localization of an oil spill (oil product).

Based on the results of modeling an oil spill (oil product), the most probable trajectories of the spot, its size and speed, the composition of forces and means for localizing and responding to an emergency are determined and the boundaries of the localization of the oil spill (oil product) are assigned. The required number of tugs with a floating vehicle in the airflow 10 and 11 is determined, including the possibility of splitting the spot to place a boom 1, 2, 16 on it, mesh 19 with absorbent sponge 20 and setting up a mobile oil recovery vessel 3, temporary storage containers 6 the collected oil.

When receiving information about an oil (oil product) spill, tugboats 10 and 11 in a pneumatic flow with receiver 7 on a deck with a set of booms 1, 2, 4 and 5, as well as an oil recovery vessel 3 and a helicopter 32 with a boom set 16 with a 19 s net absorbent sponge 20 are advanced towards the detected spill of oil (oil product). If an oil spill is detected, the crews of the vessels and the helicopter begin to collect oil and, possibly, coordinate actions with the oil recovery vessel 3 to begin the work on the compression and localization of the oil spill (slick) on the water surface.

Next, to the oil recovery vessel 3, on either side of its bow, by any coupling devices are fixed at one end to the boom 1 and 2, the boom 1 and 2 are connected via a fitting (not shown) to a flexible hose with a gas pipe 8 with an adjustable cock 9, which is connected to the receiver 7. The receiver 7 is constantly filled with a predetermined volume of compressed air and connected at the inlet to the gas-air tube 12 with an adjustable valve 13, brought to the surface of the tug deck 10 and 11.

At the same time, at the beginning of the movement (at the start), the impeller 21 starts to work at low speed, during the operation of which the compressed air pressure of the directed air flow towards the nozzle of the impeller 21, respectively, into the gas pipe 12 with the adjustable valve 13, and the air constantly fills the receiver 7 on deck of the tugboat 10 and 11 to the pressure specified in it.

Moreover, with the tugs 10 and 11 connected to the ends of the booms 1 and 2, when the tugs move, the annular coverage of the oil slick begins. The booms 10 and 11 are mounted in such a way that the nozzles 14 with the check valves 15 are directed towards the enclosed space, where, using the helicopter 32, the booms 16 with the net 19 with the absorbent sponge 20 are lowered, in which the boom is lowered in the form of a parachute position due to the action of the layout of the boom 16. At the initial stage of cleaning, the grid 19 inside the boom 1 and 2 is moved using a flexible fence 18, forming a vicious circle around the oil slick, using winches 28 and 29 are moved to the sides tank-container 6. Thereafter the lifting up and extraction grid 19 with sponge 20 and the filling of the container, the container 6 petroleum product.

Depending on the rotation of the boom barriers 1 and 2 by a certain angle relative to the oil recovery vessel 3, compressed air enters through nozzles 14 with check valves 15, presses with the outgoing jets onto the wall of the boom 16 with a net 19 with absorbent sponge 20 and helps with additional tightening devices in the water winches 28 and 29 in motion, i.e. the angle relative to the oil recovery vessel 3 decreases due to hydro-jet jets leaving the nozzles 14. Covering the oil slick with booms 1 and 2, the oil slick is also concentrated directly in the center. In addition, there is a joint movement of the booms 1, 2, 16 with tugs 10 and 11 in a pneumatic flow towards the oil recovery vessel 3. When the ends of the winches 28 and 29 are pulled out, the boom 16 is unfastened from the net 19 with an absorbent sponge 20 (not shown). Oil without water is supplied after extraction to a container-container 6, which is lifted, disconnected, and a different container-container is installed in its place or, as they accumulate, they are pumped onto an oil-collecting vessel 3.

The process of movement of the tugboat 10 and 11 in a pneumatic flow controlled by rudders 24 and 25 continues until it stops completely and completely covers the oil slick. With the impeller 21 turned on at the start, the receiver 7 is completely filled with compressed air, and only after filling the cavities of the booms 1 and 2 with nozzles 14 it is again additionally filled (replenished) with air to the calculated volume from the impeller 21 using a gas tube 12 with an adjustable cock 13, i.e. pumping air receiver 7 is an impeller 21 at any speed. Placing the impeller (propulsor) in the bow of the tugboat 10 and 11 and steering devices 24 and 25 behind the stern allows it to move the tugboat in a pneumatic flow in any given direction at different angles, so it can quickly cover a spot of oil (oil product).

Thus, at high speed characteristics of a tugboat operating on a pneumatic flow, in comparison with other means of transportation for laying out boom barriers with nozzles, the entire volume of the oil (oil product) stain is concentrated in the lowering zone of another boom bar with an absorbent sponge net, discharged from a helicopter, followed by collection into a container-container and oil recovery vessel.

A tugboat with compressed air flow allows you to move freely not only in deep water, but also in shallow water of coastal areas of the coastal strip of the territory, without slowing down at the same time, even with wave phenomena of the water surface.

The use of the receiver with a large accumulation of air volume in it increases the performance of booms with nozzles in proportion to the work of the impeller, which fills the receiver with air, i.e. it can constantly fill it with compressed air compared to known devices. This thereby smooths out the pulsations when using air, a stable and reliable formation of the process of filling the boom, more than the boom cavity itself.

Thus, the proposed method allows at different times to collect spilled oil or oil products with high (up to 90-100%) efficiency. In addition, the installation of a boom from a helicopter with a grid with an absorbent sponge of various design forms makes it possible to increase the reliability and quality of cleaning the surface of water and pollutants from oil (oil product). The positive effect of the invention also lies in combining the oil size and the collection of spilled oil.

Claims (6)

1. A method of collecting oil and oil product from a water surface, involving the use of an oil receiving tank and an oil absorbent material, characterized in that the absorbent material is made in the form of a polyurethane foam sponge, mounted on a flexible grid applied to the spill spot, mounted by means of a helicopter with a swivel a current collector, with an envelope around the grid and with a flexible connection fixed with it, with a main boom of a smaller diameter on the outside of the flexible grid with a sponge, while the grid with sponges stitch seams in the longitudinal and transverse directions and fasten with tightening devices to the oil recovery vessel, in addition, additionally use an additional boom of a larger diameter, which is attached to at least two tugs, at least from the outside of the main boom fence of smaller diameter, made in the form of floating vehicles in a pneumatic flow, and as a propulsion device a discharge device in the form of an impeller is used, the air from the nozzle of which is supplied at an angle ohm to the bottom of the floating means in the form of a pneumatic channel creating a high-pressure hydrodynamic jet, and the impeller nozzle is connected with the possibility of connecting it with a tube to a pressure receiver located on the tug deck on the air stream, and through the tube with a crane they connect to the boom cavity of a larger diameter, the latter made in the form of a pneumatic pipeline with nozzles directed inward towards the enclosed main boom fence of a smaller diameter, connected with a grid with a sponge - absorbent material. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the collection and removal of oil or oil product is carried out by means of at least one oil recovery vessel with pull-up devices of a smaller main boom barrier simultaneously with an absorbent sponge. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that prior to pumping pollutants near the hull of the oil sump, a container-container is fixed rigidly mounted on the boom mounted on board the oil-collecting vessel with the ability to move the container-container relative to the working position outside the side of the vessel. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that after compression and localization of the spill of oil or oil product and the extraction of a flexible grid with a sponge that absorbs oil, it again becomes suitable for work as a repeated mobile boom barrier, which is placed inside the additional boom barriers of larger diameter using a helicopter, carry out the final collection of oil spills and oil products. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that situational models of an oil or oil product spill are preliminarily developed at a specific section of the water surface, taking into account the nature of movement on the water surface and meteorological parameters, the speed of the water across the width of the oil spill in different seasonal periods and the speed of movement, the composition of forces and means for localizing and eliminating the spill of oil and oil products, and they select the situational model closest to the real situation for implementation. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that from the side of the stern of the tug in the air stream at the outlet of the air stream there are rudders with pivoting shields fixed to the rear wall of the stern and located at the same level of the air channel in which air pressure is created due to the discharge device in type of impeller.

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