RU2535743C2 - Machine for washing and sorting of tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machines and is intended for washing and sorting of tuberous roots. The machine comprises barrels, rolls with resilient elements, shower device and mechanical transmission. The machine has, at least, two mated drums - washing and sorting. The machine is also equipped with epicyclic driving mechanism of the sorting drum supporting a function of opposite rotations of drums.

EFFECT: decrease of overall dimensions of the machine, increase of washing intensity with simultaneous sorting of tuberous roots is ensured.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and is intended for washing and sorting root crops.

Known sink for small batches of potatoes containing a water tank, a cylindrical trellised drum, a removable door, a radial blade, a central axis, handles, a frame, a latch, hoops (see patent RU 2284136 C2, IPC A23N 12/02, publ. 27.09. 2006).

The disadvantages of the known washing is the complexity of its mobile movement, low productivity, as well as the inability to effectively sort tubers of various crops.

A known machine for washing vegetables, root crops and fruits, containing a drive, a shower device, rolls mounted on two concentric arcs of circles and rotating around its axes at different speeds, with an elastic tape (see patent RU No. 2284137 C1, IPC A23N 12/02 , published on September 27, 2006).

The disadvantages of this machine for washing vegetables of root crops and fruits is the inability to regulate it for sorting various in shape and size of vegetables and root crops. Hence the low productivity and work efficiency.

A well-known universal machine for washing fruits, containing an electric motor, gears, shower unit, drum and rolls with an elastic element (see patent RU 2355262 C1, IPC A23N 12/02, published on 05/20/2009).

The well-known universal machine provides the ability to wash fruits, but at the same time has a number of significant drawbacks.

First of all, this is the lack of the possibility of its mobile movement, as well as the possibility of immersing it in natural bodies of water (in the shallow water of lakes and rivers, close surroundings) for using the water of reservoirs for washing fruits.

In addition, this machine has a low fruit washing intensity and hence low productivity.

At the same time, the well-known universal machine does not provide the ability to sort fruits by shape and size, which makes it impossible to use it when washing vegetables, root crops, fruits, and thus its versatility is limited.

A known method of harvesting potatoes is a device for its implementation (see patent SU 124226 A1 (hereinafter - D2), publ. 01.01.1959). The method includes hydraulic separation (washing), air drying, sorting and transportation of potatoes to the storage location.

The known method consists of separate washing, drying, separating and sorting units, therefore it has sufficient overall dimensions and is installed stationary, requiring the deployment of technologically complex and expensive lines. It should be noted that an additional tractor is required to implement the sludge drive.

Known potato washer (see patent SU 28721 A1 (hereinafter - D3), publ. 31.12.1932). The potato washer contains an inclined hollow cylinder with a screw conveyor placed inside, a hollow shaft, a by-pass chute, a reservoir and a loading chamber. The washing is carried out by immersing in the water a part of the hollow cylinder at an angle with a rotating screw that moves the potato tubers.

The well-known potato car wash only carries out potato washing and is not intended for other products. A significant drawback is the lack of mixing of the layers of potatoes, which affects the quality of the sink. The hollow pipe rotates relative to the fixed cylinder and serves to feed the potatoes into the tank, without affecting the process of hydraulic separation.

The closest in technical essence of the claimed invention is a machine carried out washing, sorting and transportation using conveyors of various washing materials (see patent JP 2001062334 A (hereinafter - D1), publ. 13.03.2001). The machine includes several parts for washing, sorting and subsequent transportation. There is a sorting and washing drums, which are arranged in series, a conveyor belt is installed after the washing drum. A loading plate and plates along which the fine fraction rolls are also installed. A shower is installed for washing.

The proposed prototypes and analogues have a stepped system, which significantly increases their dimensions. In addition, they do not have the ability to use open water bodies or require prior deployment and configuration. Rather bulky sizes of cars exclude the possibility of their mobile movement.

The aim of the present invention is to remedy the above disadvantages. Initially, the task was to ensure the compact size of the claimed machine for washing and sorting root crops. The proposed machine for washing and sorting root crops has the ability to move mobilely, as well as immerse parts of the machine with rotating combined drums with a common axis of rotation, one of which is installed in the other in natural reservoirs for intensive washing of various root crops or using an autonomous pump (pump) to supply water in the shower unit.

In addition, this machine provides the ability to change the distance between the rolls with elastic pipes and set the required parameters for sorting specific root crops.

Figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 shows the proposed machine for washing root crops, where figures 1 and 2 show a General view in frontal and horizontal projections. Figure 3 shows the location of the washing and sorting drums. Figure 4 is a profile projection, and figure 5 separately shows the holder of the sorting drum. In the view In Fig.6 shows a radial slot and its section GG in the frontal plane. Also shown in Fig.7 is a kinematic diagram of a planetary mechanism for driving drums.

The washing and sorting machine for root crops includes a washing drum 1 and a sorting drum 2 mounted on a frame 3 with a hydraulic cylinder 4. The frame 3 rests on a platform 5, a chassis 6. A drawbar 7 is attached to the platform 5 for connecting the washing and sorting machine root crops to the tractor (the tractor is not conventionally shown in the figures). There is a water supply system consisting of a pump 8 of pipelines 9 and a shower device 10. In the holder of the sorting drum 11 of the rollers 12, each of which rotates around its axis 13, guide grooves are made 14. Each roller 12 is equipped with an elastic element made in the form of an elastic pipe 15. For the possibility of changing the distance between the rolls 12, there is a mechanism for fixing the rolls 12, consisting of a lever 16 and a movable half ring 17. On the washing drum 1, the rim 18 has an internal gear rim 19. Outside of the rim 18, a sleeve-roller is attached I have a chain 20, which engages with the drive sprocket 21. The sorting drum 2 is provided with a holder for the sorting drum 11 with an outer sun ring 22. There are satellites 23 and supporting rollers 24 attached to the fixed covers (carrier) 25. The drive is equipped with a gearbox 26 with an intermediate shaft 27 with the possibility of attaching a tractor power take-off shaft to it (the tractor and its power take-off shaft are not shown conventionally in the figures). There is a loading sleeve 28, providing the ability to load root crops for washing and unloading windows 29 with a telescopic sleeve 30, through which it is possible to unload sorted root crops after washing.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed machine includes at least two installed in one another drum, which have the ability to rotate opposite to each other. The possibility of the opposite rotation of the drums provides a planetary mechanism, consisting of three satellites mounted on a fixed cover (carrier). Instead of a sun gear, a collar of a sorting drum with a sun rim is installed, and the epicyclic is made on a clip of a washing drum. Thus, the principle of operation of the planetary mechanism with the carrier stopped is implemented, which ensures the difference in rotation of the drums.

Planetary gear - a gear-link gear, in which part of the gears (satellites) moves with its axes relative to the central wheel with the carrier. A planetary gear is used to transmit rotation between two parallel or intersecting axes or when playing a complex plane-parallel movement of the working body, which is connected in this case with the satellite (see Polytechnical Dictionary. Ishlinsky A.Yu., p. 244, column 2, fifth line) .

The sorting drum is equipped with roll clips with an elastic tube, which are located in the guide grooves of the clip, are fixed in several positions using a movable half ring and have the ability to rotate at different speeds. The machine is mounted on a chassis and has a water supply system with the ability to use various water sources with immersion in natural water bodies and connections to a water supply source.

These distinguishing features are essential and sufficient to achieve the specified technical result, since oppositely rotating drums have the ability to create a greater washing intensity. Also, the rolls, which have the ability to sort root tubers and rotate around their axis, contribute to better mixing in washing conditions with a shower device. The combination of new technical solutions makes it possible to increase the washing efficiency, increase the mobility and versatility of the machine.

The proposed design works as follows. Root tubers are fed by conveyors or manually loaded through the loading sleeve 28, then the raw material enters the sorting drum 2, where it is distributed and sorted using rolls 12. Depending on the culture that entered the sink, the rolls 12 are fixed in the lower part of the drum by means of a lever 16 and a movable half ring 17. Water is supplied by means of a shower device 10. During washing, grinding and sorting, the mass is divided between two drums, after which, using the hydraulic cylinder 4, we raise the washing so that it is possible to achieve narrow through the discharge windows 29. The division is carried out by passing small fruits through a pre-set distance between the rollers 12. Dirt and foreign matter are washed off by the shower device 10 and removed through the openings of the washing drum 1. Unload large and small fractions, alternating rearranging the telescopic sleeve 30. After unloading the hydraulic cylinder 4 is returned to its original position. If the processing of vegetables is carried out indoors, then it is necessary to have a platform equipped with a sewage channel.

Claims (3)

1. Machine for washing and sorting root crops, including drums, rolls with elastic elements, a shower device and mechanical gears, characterized in that it has at least two combined drums - washing and sorting, and also equipped with a planetary drive mechanism sorting drum, providing the possibility of opposite directions of rotation of the drums and thereby increase the intensity of washing root crops. 2. The machine for washing and sorting root crops according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a ferrule of a sorting drum with radial slots, in which the axis of the rolls with elastic elements are installed, there is also a movable half ring and a lever that allows changing the distance between the rollers with elastic elements and thereby setting the required parameters for sorting specific root crops. 3. The machine for washing and sorting root crops according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a drive from the tractor power take-off shaft and mounted on the chassis with the possibility of its mobile movement, as well as with the possibility of connecting a water source or immersing part of the machine with rotating drums in natural reservoirs and the use of these waters for intensive washing of root crops.

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