RU2531148C2 - Complex processing of iron ore dressing wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing of secondary resources at concentration of iron ore wastes at dressing factories. Proposed method comprises crushing of wastes, separation of magnetic pores by magnetic separators, separation of and processing of heavy ores, separation and processing of light and nonmagnetic ores, separation and processing of soaking ores. Wastes are processed in two steps. At first dry step, primary separation of magnetic ores is performed by drum-type magnetic separators. Nonmagnetic ore is sized at classifier to +2.0 mm and fed to crushing. After crushing is fed on belt conveyor and mixed with -0.2 mm size ore after classifier to perform secondary separation of magnetic ore by said separators and feed for processing and pelletizing. Nonmagnetic ore is fed to second, hydraulic processing step. Thereafter, ore is discharged into inclined vibratory flute, along with water, to separate by gravity in made pulp the nonmagnetic ores by particle density and size. For this, hydraulic flow is uniformly increased in height in vibratory flute. Differentiated flow is directed to intake funnels with discharge dewatering flutes. The latter are inclined at natural slope angles to bypass dewatered loose ore in dewatering bins with feeders. Therefrom, dewatered ore is intermittently fed to separators to divide ore particles into heavy, noble and rare earth components their slimes being discharged for refining. Gob from separator, water from dewatering bins and flutes and flow not trapped by funnels is fed into head part of dewatering complex for deposition, discharge and dewatering of solids in sand dewatering bin and, thereafter, to packing. Unsettled parts with soaking colloidal particles by fed to accumulating dewatering complex head to be settled, discharged, partially dewatered and used as clay. Clarified waste is fed by slime pump to second step head part. Lack of water in closed cycle of water supply is replenished from external source.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of extraction of useful components.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing of secondary resources and can be used in the enrichment of waste iron ore and other materials in processing plants.

A known method of enrichment of magnetic products (article Karmazin, V.I. Magnetic methods of enrichment / V.I. Karmazin V.V. Karmazin - M .: Nedra, 1984. - S.411-412), which includes grinding, classification, protective screening, enrichment with magnetic separators. The main disadvantages of the method are the high energy consumption, as well as the insufficient degree of extraction of iron in the concentrate.

A known method of producing natural red iron oxide pigment from ore (patent RU 2441892, IPC 00901/24, publ. 02/10/2012), which includes its crushing, enrichment by magnetic separation and re-grinding. As ore, hematite, martite, hydrohematite can be used. First, the ore is crushed to a size of not more than 10 mm, after which it is ground wet to a particle size of 60-80% of a class smaller than 40 microns and classified in 4 stages. Classification includes the main classification, the first recycle, the first control and second control hydrocycling. Then oxidative destruction of sulfides contained in the ore is carried out, thickening and drying with simultaneous disintegration and air classification of the pigment. The invention improves the pigment yield and environmental friendliness of production, reduces the sulfur content in the pigment and the amount of waste, but the method does not provide waste-free processing.

A known method of separating mineral products into magnetic and non-magnetic parts (patent RU 2430786, IPC В03С 1/02, publ. 10.10.2011), which includes the supply of pulp to the upper part of a spiral-shaped with a vertical axis of the gutter, the flow of flush water around the entire perimeter of the inner side of the gutter draining the pulp under the action of gravity downwards in the form of different depths along the cross section of the trough of a swirling flow, creating magnetic tension in the separation zone of the enrichment product, concentration of minerals, and the output of enrichment products. In this case, centrifugal forces in the separation space of the processed material are controlled and reversed by the rotation of the helical trough around its vertical axis and the mineral products are separated by size, density, and the magnetic system is located inside the helical trough to create magnetic tension. EFFECT: increased separation efficiency.

The method of dry enrichment of mineral raw materials (patent RU 2329105, IPC B07B 9/00, published on July 20, 2008) includes four stages, in the first of which the feedstock with a fraction size of not more than 300 mm is crushed to a particle size of not more than 25 mm and separated by sieving particles with a size of not more than 10 mm, the rest of the raw materials are divided by density into particles of waste rock, the target mineral and aggregates of the target mineral with the rock, in the second stage, the aggregates of the target mineral with the rock are crushed to a particle size of not more than 10 mm, from which particles separated by screening of the raw material are separated by sieving particles no larger than 5 mm in size, and the remaining raw materials are divided by density into particles of waste rock, target mineral and aggregates of the target mineral with the rock, in the third stage, the splices of the target mineral with the rock are crushed to size particles of not more than 5 mm, from which particles separated by screening of raw materials are separated by screening particles of a size of not more than 1 mm, and the rest of the crude is divided by density into particles of empty pore s, the target mineral and the splices of the target mineral with the rock, in the fourth stage, the splices of the target mineral with the rock are crushed to a particle size of not more than 1 mm, which together with the raw materials separated in the third stage of sifting are separated by density into waste rock and the target mineral .

A known method of wet magnetic enrichment of magnetite quartzites (patent RU 2232058, IPC В03С 1/00, publ. 07/10/2004), including crushing of crushed ore, classification of crushed product, magnetic separation of classifiers discharge, separation of non-magnetic product into magnetic separation waste. The magnetic product is classified in hydrocyclones and milled in a by-product mill. From the discharge of hydrocyclones of the same grinding stage, the waste is separated in several stages on magnetic gratings installed in desulators, and from the drains of hydrocyclones and sands from deslaminators, the oversize product is isolated on magnetic gratings, which are sent for circulation through magnetic separation, and classification in hydrocyclones and regrinding in a by-product mill are carried out with the circulation of the magnetic product. At the same time, two mills of the first stage and one by-product are used to grind crushed ore to a given concentrate size.

A method of processing iron ore production waste (patent RU 2190027, IPC С22В 1/00, С22В 7/00, В03В 9/06, published on 09/27/2002), which includes gravitational generalization of waste segregation and the allocation of waste fractions of more than 100 mm, + 60-100 mm, + 10-60 mm and 0-10 mm, then the waste fraction of more than 100 mm is crushed to a particle size of 0-100 mm, and then magnetic separation of the waste fractions is carried out separately - for the waste fraction + 60-100 mm first low gradient magnetic separation with the release of the said iron concentrate, then high gradient magnetic separation with the release of building material in the form of ballast crushed stone and substandard magnetic product, which is combined with a fraction of + 10-60 mm waste and crushed to a particle size of 0-25 mm, then a fraction of + 10-25 mm is separated for a fraction of + 10- 25 mm of waste is first produced by low-gradient, then high-gradient magnetic separation with the release of crushed stone and substandard magnetic product, which, in turn, is crushed to a particle size of 0-10 mm, combined with a fraction of 0-10 mm of waste and carry out polygradient magnetic separation by simultaneous exposure to a high gradient magnetic field of the stationary magnetic system and alternating in polarity and direction of the high gradient magnetic field of the magnetic flux concentrates and produce building material in the form of screenings for filling spent pits and substandard magnetic product sent to low gradient magnetic separation with the release of the product for extraction iron in sinter production and a sulfide product sent for recovery of other valuable components by flotation. The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency, completeness of the extraction of useful components and reducing the environmentally harmful effects of iron ore production by ensuring optimal magnetic separation regimes in industrial processing, which are heterogeneous in terms of particle size distribution and the content of useful components of iron ore waste.

A known method of extracting precious metals from slag (patent RU 2173724, IPC С22В 11/02, С22В 7/04, В03В 5/00, published on September 20, 2001), which relates to the refining production of platinum group metals, gold and silver. Slag waste is crushed in a crusher or mill and the powder is classified to obtain a powder with particles of minus 3 particles, the minus fraction is subjected to separation into heavy and light fractions in an aqueous medium, the heavy fraction is subjected to additional enrichment by separation melting. An aqueous pulp with a light fraction is separated by settling or filtration, the resulting solution is used as a separating medium to facilitate the separation of water from the light fraction from a powder with a particle size of minus 3 mm, an additional class minus 0.2 mm is isolated. The method allows to increase the extraction of precious metals.

A method for enrichment of tailings tailings storages (patent RU 2065777, IPC В03С 1/00, В03C 9/06, publ. 08/27/1996), including their processing with the release of iron minerals, while tailings are fed for processing in the form of pulp, and processing is carried out by protective screening of the pulp, its classification according to the class of 0.16 microns, main and cleanup magnetic separations of class fineness less than 0.16 microns, dehydration of the products obtained, while both magnetic separations are carried out in an inhomogeneous magnetic field upon induction of 0.4 T, and the pulp in a magnetic field I submit t at a speed of 0.2-0.3 m / s.

Known methods for the enrichment of magnetic materials (Guide to ore dressing. Concentrating plants. - M: Nedra, 1984. - P.169), which include crushing ore, grinding it in mills, enrichment with magnetic separators, magnetic strippers, pumping the tailings magnetic product into the tailings .

The disadvantages of the above methods are high material costs for crushing, grinding materials (the main amount of electricity, capital costs, depreciation costs, maintenance, labor costs). Due to the imperfection of the enrichment method, up to 25% of iron is thrown into the tailings.

A known method of processing waste iron ore (patent RU 2452581, IPC V03B 9/06, publ. 10.06.2012), adopted as a prototype, which includes magnetic separation to obtain a magnetic and non-magnetic fraction and classification. Magnetic separation is carried out at a magnetic field strength of 15-17 thousand Oersteds, gravitational enrichment is carried out in a Knelson apparatus with the separation of a light fraction and a concentrate of noble, rare, dispersed, platinum metals, sent for double sequential processing in a Knelson apparatus. The light fractions obtained at the concentrator are combined and separated in a heavy suspension at a density of 3.0, with the release of minerals of pomegranate and sand with a specific gravity of less than 3.0 g / cm ³ , which is divided into fractions by size classification (0.5 -0.15 mm), (5-0.5 mm) and (0-0.15 mm) used in the manufacture of building materials as sand and concrete aggregates.

The objectives of the invention are the most complete selection of useful components and the processing of enrichment waste into commercial products and semi-finished products (sand, inert dust, clay, aggregates for concrete, concentrates of precious, rare-earth and heavy metals).

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the complex processing of iron ore beneficiation waste, waste is crushed, magnetic rocks are separated by magnetic separators, heavy rocks are separated and processed, light and non-magnetic rocks are separated and processed, wet rocks are separated and processed, and waste is processed in two stages: at the first dry stage, primary separation of magnetic rocks is carried out by drum magnetic separators, non-magnetic rocks are divided into a classifier to a class with a particle size of +2.0 mm and transfer it to crushing, where it is crushed and dumped onto a conveyor belt and mixed with a class of a particle size of -2.0 mm after the classifier and secondary separation of magnetic rocks is carried out by magnetic drum separators, which are sent for processing and briquetting, and non-magnetic rocks are transferred to the second hydraulic processing stage, for which they are discharged into a vibrating chute, installed with a slope, where water is supplied, and non-magnetic rocks are gravitationally separated in the created pulp about the density and size of particles, for which the hydraulic flow is uniformly increased in height in the vibratory trough, and the differentiated flow is directed to receiving funnels with diverting dewatering trenches installed with angles of repose, for transferring dehydrated bulk rocks to dewatering silos with feeders, from where dehydrated rocks periodically fed to Knelson apparatuses in which rock particles are divided into heavy, noble and rare-earth, whose concentrates are shipped for refining, and dead rock from the apparatus, water from the dewatering hoppers and gutters and the stream not caught by the funnels are fed to the head of the dewatering complex, where precipitation, delivery and dewatering of solid particles is carried out in the dewatering sand hopper, from where it is fed for packing, and the non-settled particles together with soaked colloidal particles overflow into the head of the accumulating dehydrating complex, where they are defended, dispensed, partially dehydrated and used in the form of clay, and clarified water is pumped into the clarified water rotating the head of the second stage, the lack of water in the closed water cycle of the second stage makes up from an external source.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

Figure 1 presents the General technological scheme of processing waste iron ore, implementing the method.

A loading machine 1 from dump 2 loads bulk waste onto a conveyor 3, which transports it to a receiving hopper 4 with a feeder 5, which provides uniform loading of bulk waste onto a belt conveyor 6, on which the magnetic fraction of bulk waste is separated by a magnetic separator 7 and sent to the complex 8, and the non-magnetic fraction enters the classifier 9, separating bulk waste by size ± 2 mm.

A class with a particle size of -2 mm is unloaded onto a conveyor belt 10, and a class of + 2 mm is loaded by a conveyor 11 into a crushing plant 12 (jaw, cone, ball or other type, depending on the required capacity), in which it is crushed and unloaded onto a conveyor belt 10, where again the magnetic fraction of bulk waste is separated by a drum-type magnetic separator 7 and sent to the processing complex 8, and the non-magnetic fraction is fed into an inclined vibrating trough 13, where water is supplied to the slurry pump 14 for washing off the sludge Uchiha waste.

In trough 13, due to the inclination angle, smooth narrowing and increase in the height of the tapering sides, the flat pulp stream goes into a deep vertical one, in which gravitational separation of solid particles by density occurs: the densest particles are transported along the bottom of the trough, the less dense particles are transported in the stream at the bottom, and lungs - in the upper layers of the stream.

At the end of the gutter 13, funnels 15 with dewatering troughs 16 installed with a slope are installed to separate the bottom and bottom parts of the flow, dewatering and transporting bulk rocks into separate dewatering bins 17 with feeders 18, which provide loading of dehydrated materials to Knelson's apparatus 19, where they are divided into concentrates of heavy, noble and rare-earth materials processed according to traditional technologies, and waste rock, water, a stream not caught by funnels 15 from under the gutter 13, dewatering gutters 16 and b unckers 17 with feeders 18 are fed to the head of the dewatering complex 20, where precipitation, dehydration and unloading of solid particles is carried out in a dewatering hopper 17 with a feeder 18, which feeds the material for packaging, and suspended and soaked colloidal particles by overflow go to the dewatering complex 21, where they are precipitated, partially dehydrated, discharged into a special container 22 with the discharge of excess water and used as building material (clay), and clarified water is pumped to the gutter 13 by the slurry pump 14.

The lack of water in a closed water supply system is compensated by external sources.

Claims (1)

An integrated method for processing iron ore beneficiation waste, including waste crushing, separation of magnetic rocks by magnetic separators, separation and processing of heavy rocks, separation and processing of light and non-magnetic rocks, separation and processing of wet rocks, characterized in that the waste is produced in two stages: the first dry stage is the primary separation of magnetic rocks by magnetic drum-type separators, non-magnetic rocks are divided into a classifier with a grain size of +2.0 mm and transfer they are crushed, where it is crushed and dumped onto a conveyor belt and mixed with a grain size of -2.0 mm after the classifier and magnetic rocks are re-separated by drum magnetic separators, which are sent for processing and briquetting, and non-magnetic rocks are transferred to a second hydraulic processing stage, for which they are discharged into a vibrating chute, installed with a slope, where water is supplied, and in the created pulp non-magnetic rocks are gravitationally separated by density and particle size, for whereby the hydraulic flow is uniformly increased in height in the vibratory trough, and the differentiated flow is directed to receiving funnels with diverting dewatering troughs installed with angles of natural slope, for transferring dehydrated bulk rocks to dewatering bunkers with feeders, from where dehydrated rocks are periodically fed to Knelson apparatus, to which separate rock particles into heavy, noble and rare earths, whose concentrates are shipped for refining, and waste rock from the apparatus, water from dewatering bins and gutters and a stream not caught by funnels are fed to the head of the dewatering complex, where precipitation, delivery and dewatering of solid particles is carried out in a dewatering sand bunker, from where it is fed for packing, and non-settled particles together with soaked colloidal particles go to the head by overflow the part of the accumulating dehydrating complex, where they are defended, discharged, partially dehydrated and used in the form of clay, and the clarified water is returned to the head part of the secondary slurry pump stage, the lack of water in the second stage of closed-loop water fill from an external source.