RU2525242C1 - Structural formwork block for openings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: structural formwork block for openings from fine-grained or other material close in properties comprises parallel external face and rear longitudinal walls connected by three partitions. Longitudinal walls and connecting partitions are combined with a common spatial reinforcement frame, at the same time one of extreme partitions is concreted, the middle one is represented in the form of a rectangular wooden spacer shifted to the centre of the block by depth equal to its thickness, and its ends reaching external surfaces of the block are jammed and anchors in longitudinal walls and may serve for fixation of finishing materials.

EFFECT: reduced material and labour inputs for formwork works, increased solidity, earthquake stability, heat and sound insulation properties of walls in buildings and structures, improved quality of works.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to the field of construction of insulated and cold walls of buildings and structures, frames of window openings, built-in reinforced concrete frames, as well as foundations, columns, beams, retaining walls in a monolithic reinforced concrete design using structural formwork blocks that are part of a set of 4 types: 1 - ordinary (patent No. 2392394 dated 06/20/2010), 2 - aperture, 3 - angular, 4 - window-wall.

Characteristics of analogues and prototype

Known hollow block prefabricated monolithic structures SU (II) 1346742 A1 4 E04C 1/08, 1/10, publ. 10.23.87, including longitudinal and transverse walls that bound the internal cavity and having locking protrusions on the outer faces of the transverse walls, it is provided with a bottom. The total area of the holes in the bottom is 30 ÷ 80% of the bottom area. The transverse walls on top have one slot for skipping horizontal reinforcement. Four holes are provided for skipping vertical reinforcement rods at the bottom corners. The cavities of the blocks are filled with concrete or a foamed insulating mixture.

The disadvantages of this block include:

- the complexity of the manufacture of blocks;

- the concrete block has no reinforcement with the exit of the rods into the voids;

- transverse walls and the bottom prevent the installation of blocks in compliance with the condition of shifting the upper row by half of the block when they are installed between the rods of the vertical reinforcement of the walls, the lower part of which is laid into the foundation, and the upper is intended for termination in the seismic belt at the level of overlapping of the upper floor;

- the presence of a bottom with simultaneous concreting of several rows does not allow for a high-quality concrete compaction;

- the transverse partitions of the block divide the concrete walls into many isolated sections, reducing their solidity;

- the block in the walls can only be used as an ordinary;

- the size of the block is not subordinate to the size of the brickwork;

- the front side of the block has no finish.

Known fixed formwork SU 1559074, 5 E04C 9/10, publ. 04/23/90, where the opposing panels of fixed formwork are connected in the recesses on the upper faces of the panels and are fixed in them using removable clips that protrude above the boards at half their height.

The disadvantages of fixed formwork include:

- installation of the formwork in the design position is reduced to the manual assembly of panels using rods. This increases the overhead of installation work;

- material for the manufacture of fixed formwork with the properties of nails is more advantageous to use only for the manufacture of removable, reusable formwork, because after setting concrete, it cannot work and the composition of the design structure;

- the front side of the formwork is not invoice;

- the dimensions of the blocks are not subordinate to the size of the brickwork.

-образного элемента.Known wall formwork element SU 1733593 A1, 5 E04C 1/18, publ. 05/15/92, bull. 18. The formwork element consists of two parallel walls, offset along the longitudinal axis and connected by a partition at an angle of 120 ÷ 140 ° to the walls with the formation

-shaped element.

The disadvantages of the wall formwork element include:

- the formwork element of fine-grained concrete does not have reinforcement with the exit of the rods into the voids;

- the location of the partition at an angle of 120 ÷ 140 °, compared with the angle of 90 °, increases its length, leads to cost overruns;

- connecting partitions cut concrete walls into many isolated sections, reducing the solidity of the wall;

- the front surface of the formwork element is not invoice;

- the dimensions of the element are not subordinate to the dimensions of the brickwork.

Known fixed formwork SU 1629435 A1, 5 E04C 9/10, publ. 02/23/91, intended for the production of formwork.

Formwork consists of fixed plates connected by tube ties. Slabs are made of monolithic reinforced concrete separately. The ends of the spacing tubes are made in the form of rods and pinched between the conical surface of the embedded part and the locking cone by the compression method P. The cavities between the plates are filled with insulation.

The disadvantages of fixed formwork include:

- knots of connection of plates excessively metal-intensive;

- bilateral collets due to the cutting of the ends reduce the cross-sectional area of the connecting tubes by about half;

- hollow metal connecting tubes and their fasteners are conductors of cold, which significantly reduce the thermal properties of the walls, interfere with the installation of reinforcing products;

- it is more profitable to replace the collet joints with electric welded ones;

- this fixed formwork at the location in the walls acts only as an ordinary block;

- the formwork is not subject to the size of the brickwork;

- the front surface is not opaque.

A known prototype is a wall formwork block, SU 1625967 A1, 5 E04B 2/18, publ. 02/07/91, bull. 15. The formwork block consists of three longitudinal walls: outer, inner, back, interconnected by means of five transverse concrete walls, which have protrusions of 15 ÷ 20 mm. Between the walls formed sections for backfilling with insulating material and sections for pouring concrete.

The disadvantages of the formwork unit include:

- a block of fine-grained concrete is difficult to manufacture;

- the block of fine-grained concrete does not have reinforcement. The integrity of the block at the stage of manufacturing the storage, transportation and filling of voids with concrete is ensured by the tensile strength of concrete, and this is not enough;

- partitions impede the installation of the block (with the upper row shifted by half the block) in the presence of vertical walls reinforcing rods, the lower ends of which are placed in a monolithic foundation, and the upper ones are intended for termination in a seismic belt above the located floor;

- the transverse partitions of the block cut concrete walls into many isolated sections, reducing their solidity;

- the issue of wall insulation in the area of monolithic reinforced concrete racks has not been resolved;

- the device of the internal longitudinal wall can be eliminated if, first, the concrete part of the wall is made using inventory formwork, the remaining space is filled with loose thermal insulation material;

- the size of the block is not subordinate to the size of the brickwork;

- the front surface of the formwork element is not invoice.

The invention is known No. 2392394 “Constructive formwork block ordinary” made of fine-grained concrete, registered in the State Register of the Russian Federation dated 06/20/2010. The structural formwork block ordinary contains parallel external front and rear longitudinal walls connected by three transverse partitions, which are connected by a common spatial reinforcing frame at this extreme partitions are not concrete, and the middle has an opening.

The disadvantages of the structural formwork block ordinary include:

- does not meet the requirements of the project in the places of installation of openings in the walls.

Objectives Achieved by the Invention

Cheaper construction, reduced material and labor costs for formwork, simplified construction, increased solidity, seismic resistance of heat and sound insulating properties of walls of buildings, improving the quality of work.

Disclosure of invention

The invention relates to the following.

1. The longitudinal walls and connecting partitions are reinforced with a common spatial reinforcing cage. The extreme partitions of the block may be in a concrete or non-concrete state. In the longitudinal walls may be unblocked areas, through holes, the block may be shortened by half. End reinforcement of blocks crosses the formed voids in the walls. After reinforcing walls, laying concrete, setting it, the block loses the role of formwork and acquires the functions of a supporting element, the working reinforcement of which is taken into account when calculating the reinforcement of the design structure, which includes the block. The resistance of the concrete block to the compressive and shear forces is also taken into account. Since material and labor costs are associated with the construction of structures provided by the project, this formwork method is cost-free.

In an unreinforced formwork element (prototype), the strength at the stage of manufacture, transportation, storage, installation is ensured only by the resistance of the concrete to shear, tension, compression, which is insufficient. The formwork element (prototype) can only be used as formwork without acquiring the functions of the supporting element.

2. In order to increase the seismic resistance of buildings and structures, the block design provides for the possibility of mounting between previously installed rods of vertical wall reinforcement, the lower ends of which are concreted in the foundation, the upper ones are designed to be sealed in the seismic belt of the ceiling of the upper floor with observance of the displacement of the upper row by half the block, without implementation new typoblocks. Using a formwork element (prototype) with five transverse partitions, such a task is not feasible.

3. In order to insulate the walls, foam plates with a thickness of thermotechnical design are attached to the inner side of the outer longitudinal wall of the block. The remaining volume of voids after reinforcement is poured with concrete. This decision eliminates the need for a middle longitudinal wall provided by the prototype.

4. The horizontally and vertically located voids resulting from the masonry of the walls can be used to place the calculated monolithic-reinforced concrete earthquake-resistant frame in them. The rest of the voids are filled with heat and sound insulating material. When applying the formwork element (prototype), such a task is not feasible.

5. With the aim of introducing complex structures in the construction and expanding architectural capabilities, the block size is subordinate to the size of the brickwork. The formwork element (prototype) cannot be used together with brickwork, because its size is not provided.

6. Reinforcement of longitudinal walls and connecting partitions allows to reduce their thickness, reduce concrete consumption, reduce the mass of walls, increase their earthquake resistance. The strength of the unreinforced formwork element is ensured by increasing its mass. Paragraphs 2-6 determine the conformity of the declared decisions with the criterion of "novelty", paragraphs 1 - "significant differences".

The implementation of the invention

The structural formwork block is characterized in that it contains parallel outer (front) and rear longitudinal walls connected by partitions. The walls of the partition are reinforced with a common spatial frame. One extreme partition is in a concrete state, the middle is replaced by a wooden strut of rectangular cross section. There is an opening in the middle partition, the width and height of the blocks are equal, and the length is 2 heights.

Figure 1 shows the structural formwork block aperture. It contains parallel outer (front) 1 and rear 2 longitudinal walls connected by partitions 3. The walls and partitions are reinforced with a common spatial frame 4, one of the extreme partitions is not concrete, the middle one has an opening 7. Insulation 19 is attached to the inner front and end surfaces.

The construction of earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete walls is made according to figure 2. The wall is divided into captures. After installing the blocks on one of the grips in the horizontal channels formed during the laying of the blocks, rods 14 for walls, flat products 15 for the seismic belt 13, which 16, with a knitting wire, are combined into a single reinforcing structure are wound up.

Installation of blocks is carried out as follows: on each bottom row, end-to-end, dry, with an offset of half the block or without, the upper row is laid. Blocks are installed so that previously embedded in the foundation 13 pos.10, 11 are located along the longitudinal axis of the bearing layer at 0.25 l from the ends or at their joints (option without displacement).

At the intersection of the seismic belt 13 with the beams 17 for overlapping (coating) 18, the ends of the reinforcing products are brought into the holes 6 to a depth equal to the thickness of the bearing layer of the walls.

The device of the carrier layer of the walls is carried out by pouring concrete mixture 20 into the free space between the insulation 19 and the inner surface of the back wall 2, Fig.1.

Concrete example

направления в тыльной стенке имеются отверстия 6. Средняя перегородка 3 заменена деревянной распоркой прямоугольного сечения. В средней перегородке имеется проем, ширина и высота равны, а длина - 2 высотам.Figure 1 shows the structural formwork block aperture, a perspective view. The block contains parallel outer (front) position 1 and rear 2 longitudinal walls connected by partitions 3. The walls and partitions are reinforced with a common spatial frame 4. One of the outer partitions is in a concrete state. The front surface of the outer longitudinal wall is provided with a finish 5. For skipping and fixing reinforced monolithic reinforced concrete beams

there are holes in the rear wall of the direction 6. The middle partition 3 is replaced by a wooden strut of rectangular cross section. There is an opening in the middle partition, the width and height are equal, and the length is 2 heights.

Aperture 7 is provided for horizontal-longitudinal movement of reinforcing products. Reliable, accessible parts are used for lifting and horizontal movement of the block. For this, soft synthetic slings are used.

The device of earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete warm walls using blocks with decoration, insulation and bearing layers is as follows. On each bottom row, end to end dry, with an offset of half the block or without fits the top row. The installation is carried out so that the rods 10 of the vertical wall reinforcement previously embedded in the monolithic reinforced concrete foundation 13 are located along the longitudinal axis of the bearing layer at a distance of 0.25 l of the block from its right or left end face or at their joints during installation without dressing. Installation of blocks begin, for example, from left to right. The left end face of the block is pushed onto the rod 10 or rack 11. The reinforcement 4 has a bite at points 9 in compliance with the rigidity of the block. The ends are bent so that it becomes possible to install the unit in the design position.

After mounting blocks of one row through the openings 7, rods of horizontal reinforcement of the walls 14 are passed. At the points of contact with the vertical rods 10, the intersections are fastened with a knitting wire.

The insulation layer is made of plate material, which is installed at the time of manufacture of the block at the inner surface of the front longitudinal wall according to figure 2.

By analogy, the device of the seismic belt 13, Fig.2. Flat reinforcing products 15 are passed into the openings 7. Using pos. 16 and a knitting wire are combined into a single spatial structure.

After installing the reinforcing products in the design position, the bent ends of the reinforcement 4 return to points 9 with electric welding to the reinforcing products 10, 11, 15. At the same time, the reinforcing products 15, 16 of the beams 17 are installed under the ceiling 18, the ends 15 are inserted into the holes 6.

Next, the device is the carrier layer by pouring concrete 20 free space between the insulation 19 and the inner surface of the back wall 2, figure 1, according to figure 2.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 - Structural formwork block aperture.

Figure 2 - Installation diagram of structural formwork blocks.

Figure 3 - Section B-B in figure 2.

Explanation of the elements:

1 - Outer front longitudinal wall

2 - Rear longitudinal wall

3 - Cross connecting partition

4 - Spatial reinforcement cage

5 - Finishing with plate material from the outside

6 - Holes in the longitudinal walls

7 - Opening

8 - Window, only for corner block

9 - Rebar bite point

10 - Vertical wall reinforcing element embedded in pos. 12

11 - Reinforcement of the reinforced concrete frame upset, pos. 12

12 - Foundation

13 - Seismopoyas

14 - Horizontal element reinforcing walls

15 - Flat reinforcement

16 - Connecting rod

расположения17 - Monolithic reinforced concrete beam

location

18 - Overlap

19 - Polyfoam CT = 0.05, thickness. 15 cm

20 - Monolithic concrete of the bearing layer of walls

Claims (2)

1. The structural formwork block is open from fine-grained concrete or other material similar in properties, containing parallel external front and rear longitudinal walls connected by three partitions, characterized in that the longitudinal walls and connecting partitions are combined by a common spatial reinforcing cage, one of the extreme the partitions are concreted, the middle one is presented in the form of a rectangular wooden spacer, offset to the center of the block to a depth equal to its thickness, and its ends facing ruzhnye surface of the block, clamped and anchored in the longitudinal walls and can serve as attachment of finishing materials. 2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that it is created with the aim of forming horizontal and vertical hollow channels in the walls for placement of reinforcing products, insulation and concrete in them, while the reinforcement of the spatial frame of the block exits in its cavity, and in the walls there are through holes, externally closed by facing layers, its thickness and height are the same, and its length is 2 heights.

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