RU2508580C1 - Thermal chemical current source - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: thermal chemical current source includes unit of electrochemical cells in housing with a cover, inner thermal and electrical insulation, pyrotechnical heating elements and electrochemical cells, each of them contains in alternating sequence hard layers of anode, electrolyte, cathode in estimated amount, pressed by elastic member and provided with thermal and electrical insulation, alternating pressure seals for connection to external consumer, activation system. Each layer of electrochemical cells and pyrotechnical heating elements is designed with central through hole, all the electrochemical cells are accumulated in sequence on the central insulated rod, which is rigidly fixed by its one end on housing bottom by sleeve and by the other end on housing cover by basement which is a solid figure in the form of a flat sphere from stainless steel with support feet.

EFFECT: improving safety, simplifying assembly together with improving discharge characteristics providing required strength under mechanical loading of presented device.

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Description

The alleged invention relates to electrical engineering, to the field of chemical reserve power sources on a solid, and can be used for the manufacture of thermal chemical current sources with ionic conductivity, having an energy density of about 60 W * h / kg and used to supply electrical energy to autonomous devices and systems.

A device is known for a thermal chemical current source (TCIT) containing a block of electrochemical elements (ECE), each of which consists of the calculated number of solid layers of the anode, cathode, electrolyte, heating elements, limited from the outside by a common housing with thermal insulation and cover (RF patent No. 2369944, IPC H01M 6/36, publ. 10.10.2009, BI 28/09).

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the assembly and insufficiently high electrochemical parameters (discharge current, voltage).

It is known as the closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a thermal chemical current source (TCIT) containing a block of electrochemical elements (ECE), each of which is from the estimated number of solid layers of the anode, cathode, electrolyte, heat-heating elements between them, bounded from the outside general housing with electrical and thermal insulation and cover (RF patent No. 2091918, IPC H01M 6/36, publ. 09/27/1997, BI No. 27/97).

The disadvantages of the prototype are not high enough current loads removed from the current source, the electrical voltage required to power external consumers, the complex manufacturing and assembly technology of TCIT.

The task of the authors of the alleged invention is to develop a thermal chemical current source (TCIT), providing safety requirements, simplifying assembly while improving discharge characteristics and maintaining the necessary strength under mechanical loads.

A new technical result obtained by using the present invention is to simplify assembly, increase strength and safety by reducing the risk of a short circuit to structural elements of the case, to improve the discharge characteristics of the TCIT by increasing the area of ECE and improving the thermal properties of heating elements.

These tasks and a new technical result are achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the known design of a thermal chemical current source containing a block of electrochemical elements (ECE) in a housing with a cover and internal heat and electrical insulation, pyrotechnic heating elements (PTN) and ECE, each of which contains successively alternating solid layers of the anode, electrolyte, cathode in the calculated amount, preloaded by an elastic element and provided with heat and electrical insulation, alternating hermetic leads for connection with internal By the consumer, the activation system according to the invention, each layer of ECE and pyrotechnic heating elements is made with a central through hole, all ECEs are assembled sequentially on a central insulated rod, rigidly fixed on one side - to the bottom of the housing by means of a sleeve, and on the other - on the cover of the housing by the base, which is a spatial figure in the form of a flat circle of stainless steel with support legs made radially diverging in the direction from the center beyond rounds of a flat circle and bent towards the supporting surface of the lid, which are fixed on the corresponding protrusions of the lid, an activation system is also installed on the lid of the case, each layer of ECE and PTN is made in the form of tablets pressed from metal shells from powders of electrochemical and pyrotechnic compositions, respectively, the anode in each ECE is made of a lithium-boron composite, alternating hermetic leads are brought out through ceramic insulators mounted in through holes of the housing cover.

The proposed design of a thermal chemical current source is illustrated as follows.

Figure 1 presents the view of the proposed thermal chemical current source, where 1 is a cover made of steel, on which are rigidly fixed, for example, by welding, the housing 2 and the bottom 3 of the housing, limiting the sealed space TCIT. Along the vertical axis of the cylindrical body 2 in a sealed space of a thermal chemical source, a block of electrochemical elements (ECE) is installed and rigidly fixed, consisting of the calculated number of alternating ECE 4 and pyrotechnic heating elements (PTN) 5. Each ECE (figure 2) is a press a package of solid layers of the anode 19, the electrolyte 20 and the cathode 21 with the grid 22. To heat the ECE unit to operating temperature and ensure electrical connection between them, pyroheaters are installed. PTN (figure 3), consisting of a heat-generating pyrotechnic composition 23, pressed into a metal shell. Each ECE layer and PTN layers are made with a central through-hole, and the ECE block is assembled on an insulated central rod 6, which simplifies the assembly of CTEC due to the free access to the installation sites of ECE and PTN. The central rod made of hardened steel, on the one hand through a special sleeve 7, is rigidly fixed to the bottom 3, and on the other, is rigidly fixed to the round base 8 of the ECE unit, which, in turn, is attached to the cover 1 of the TCCP with screws. Thus, the central rod is a rigid axis rigidly fixed on both sides, which receives axial and lateral mechanical loads with minimal deformations.

The proposed TCIT includes an activation device mounted on the board 9, which is attached to the cover 1 of the TCIT housing.

To maintain the required operating temperature in the ECE unit and limit the temperature of the housing along the inner surfaces of the housing 2 and the bottom 3, heat insulators 10, 11, 12 are installed (Fig. 1). Thermal insulators are made of TEM-23 thermal insulation material with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.

The connection between the TCIT and an external consumer is carried out through alternating power contacts (hermetic leads) 13 installed on the housing cover using ceramic insulators 14 (Fig. 1), which provide electrical isolation from the cover, the tightness of the TCIT internal volume, and operation at elevated temperatures (about 600 ° With operating modes provided for by the requirements of operation.

As can be seen in the proposed TCIT, the cover design combines the functions of fastening the ECE unit, the board of electric igniters, and power terminal 13 for communication with an external consumer.

Monitoring and bringing TCIT into working condition is carried out through a standard connector - plug 15, mounted on the cover of TCIT.

The proposed device operates as follows.

Initially, a current pulse is supplied to the electric bridge of the electric igniter from an external current source. An electric igniter (EV) is triggered and gives a force of flame to the pyro cord, during the combustion of which pyrotechnic heating elements 5 located between the ECE are ignited. When the operating temperature is reached, the electrolyte becomes ion-conducting. When heated, the ion-conducting medium acquires the purely ionic conductivity of the electric current and a potential difference arises on the ECE. After the potential difference increases to the required value, the TCIT is ready for operation.

Thus, the optimal assembly principle used in the proposed TCIT, in which all layers of ECE, PTN, and electrical insulation elements are assembled on the central rod, simplifies the assembly of TCIT compared to the prototype, in which a phased assembly was provided - first in the cavity of the auxiliary part, and then, on a general basis, using polysyllabic and lengthy fixation procedures, welding of current leads, fastening with threaded elements (the assembly time of the proposed TCIT is about 2 hours, whereas in the prototype - 5 hours). At the same time, higher discharge characteristics were achieved that meet the specified requirements of TEC by increasing the number of ECE and their surface, reducing the internal resistance of ECE due to the constructive implementation of the solid layers of the active system in the form of tablets pressed into metal shells (grids), as well as high assembly strength due to the use of elastic elements that create a given preload force block ECE.

The possibility of industrial implementation of the proposed TCIT is confirmed by the following examples.

Example 1. In laboratory conditions, the proposed thermal chemical current source was implemented on a prototype of a specific type, which is a sealed cylindrical device (figure 1), made of steel grade 12X18H10T and consisting of a cover 1, body 2 and bottom 3, interconnected laser welding. The cover 1 of the housing 2 is made by mechanical molding of a steel sheet. Supporting surfaces and threads for fastening the proposed TCIT to the product in use are located on the housing.

The ECE unit is a column of ECE 4 layers sequentially collected on a common rod 6, between which are layers of pyrotechnic heaters (PTN) 5.

ECE and PTN are made with a central through hole, the assembly of the latter is carried out on an insulated central rod 6, rigidly fixed between the cover 1 and the bottom 3 of the housing 2.

The compression of the ECE and PTN package is performed by the elastic elements 16 and the nut 17, which ensures a decrease in the internal resistance of the assembly during the operation of the TCIT.

The main working unit of the ECE unit is the actual ECE (Fig.2), which is a tablet (Fig.Z). consisting of layers of anode 19. electrolyte 20 and cathode 21 with a grid 22, pressed into curly metal cups with a Central hole.

PTN used to heat the ECE to operating temperature is a pressed tablet (Fig. 3) of a pyrotechnic composition 23 placed in a metal shell, which provides mechanical strength of the PTN and the electrical connection between the ECE.

The voltage is removed from the ECE unit by means of current leads 18 connected to power seals 13, insulated from the cover by bushings 14 made of ceramic based on aluminum oxide.

Board 9 with a TCIT activation and control system is attached to the cover. To maintain the required operating temperature in the ECE unit and to limit the temperature of the housing 2 along the inner surfaces of the housing 2, the bottom 3 and the cover 1 of the housing, heat insulators 10, 11, 12 are installed. The heat insulators are made of heat-insulating material based on fine quartz fiber with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.

The initial state is monitored and the TCIT is brought into working condition through a standard connector - plug 15, mounted on the TCIT cover.

The measurement results are summarized in table 1.

As shown by the example and data of table 1, the use of the proposed TCIT allowed to ensure compliance with the requirements for electrical characteristics. structural strength, safety during normal discharge mode, simplify the assembly technology while meeting the requirements for mass-dimensional characteristics.

Table 1 Implementation examples Electrical and discharge characteristics Structural strength THIT Safety TCIT assembly process TCIT prototype IR circuit resistance not more than 0.1 Ohm Resistance between electrically disconnected circuits not less than 20 MΩ Voltage from 21 to 30 V Discharge current up to 3.5 A The strength of TCIT is limited by the strength of the material of the casing of the ECE unit There is a risk of short circuit, as no means of reliable isolation of current leads are provided A complex procedure for executing a case with windows, the complexity of a set of ECE and PTN packages, their fixation and centering. Proposal
my thit IR circuit resistance no more than 0.5 Ohm Resistance between electrically disconnected circuits at least 20 MΩ Voltage from 26.5 to 35.5 V Discharge current up to 15 A Strength is provided by the material of the central rod and the implementation of PTN and ECE by pressing into metal restrictive elements - shells The presence of internal heat and electrical insulation, ceramic insulators on the central core, pressure seal lids, reducing the risk of short circuit. Simplification and acceleration of the assembly process due to the set on the central core of the ECE and PTN.

Claims (1)

A thermal chemical current source containing a block of electrochemical elements (ECE) in a housing with a lid and internal heat and electrical insulation, pyrotechnic heating elements (PTN) and ECE, each of which contains successively alternating solid layers of the anode, electrolyte, cathode in the calculated amount, preloaded an elastic element and provided with heat and electrical insulation, alternating pressure leads for connection with an external consumer, an activation system, characterized in that each layer of ECE and pyrotechnic heating x elements are made with a central through hole, all ECEs are assembled sequentially on a central insulated rod, rigidly fixed on one side - on the bottom of the case through the sleeve, and on the other - on the cover of the case through the base, which is a spatial figure in the form of a flat circle made of stainless steel with support legs made radially diverging in the direction from the center behind the contours of the flat circle and bent towards the supporting surface of the cover, which are fixed to the protrusion of the lid of the lid, an activation system is also installed on the lid of the casing, each layer of ECE and PTN is made in the form of tablets pressed from metal shells of powders of electrochemical and pyrotechnic compositions, respectively, the anode in each ECE is made of lithium-boron composite, alternating hermetic leads are brought out through ceramic insulators mounted in the through holes of the housing cover.

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