RU2502599C1 - Method of producing plastic articles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing of plastic materials for production of, for example, plastic wall boards, etc, and food packages, e.g. compartment inserts. Proposed method comprises smelting polymer materials and extruding polymer melt through shaper to obtain the tape. Said tape is calendered to preset thickness, drawn, cooled to solid state and cut to sheets with drawing machine with guillotine. Besides, removable forming female die is made to be built in hot shaping device whereat secured are sheet pieces and heated to preset temperature so that raised pattern is extruded thereat using said female die.

EFFECT: three-fold increase in efficiency, lower costs.

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Description

The invention relates to devices for processing polymeric materials into plastic products, which can be used in construction in the form of wall panels (interior decoration, exterior decoration of buildings, as well as furniture facades) and the food industry in the manufacture of containers, such as corrections.

A known method (analogue) of obtaining plastic products from polymeric materials [Mirzoyev R.G. et al. Fundamentals of design and calculations of plastic parts and technological equipment for their manufacture. - L .: Mashinostroenie, 1972, s.282-283], including the melting of polymer raw materials and by means of a screw working in idle mode, plasticization in plastic and injection under high pressure into the cavity of the injection mold, for its hardening and removal of the molded product.

The molding device consists of a complex hydraulic system and two clamping plates, on the inner surface of which an injection mold cavity is made. The press is used to keep the mold cavity closed while filling it with plastic. The clamping force of the press plates should be hundreds of tons. With less clamping force, the tightness of the mold may be impaired, which can lead to poor quality products.

With this method, the transition to a new type of product is impossible without replacing the mold, which is associated with serious technological difficulties, time and financial costs.

The disadvantage of this method of manufacturing plastic products is low productivity and high financial costs when switching to a new type of product.

The closest in purpose and achievement of the technical result (prototype) are known device and method for the production of plastic products [RF Patent No. 2387539, 7 IPC V29C 45/57, V29C 43/54, V29C 45/56, V29C 45/54 2002], comprising partially or completely melting in a special chamber of polymeric materials and extruding plastic using an extrusion element into at least one buffer chamber, from which a certain amount of plastic is extruded using another extrusion element of the plunger type into an injection mold cavity (p ESA form) to its solidification and removing the molded article.

The productivity of the production of plastic products depends on the total time for the basic operations that make up the full production cycle: loading polymer raw materials and heating them to a plastic state, introducing (injecting) plastic into the injection mold, cooling and removing the finished product. Productivity of plastic products during the implementation of the prototype method is about 60 pcs / hour.

The full time cycle of manufacturing one product when implementing the proposed method consists in the following: loading polymer raw materials and heating them to a plastic state, and extruding plastic through a profiling device in the form of a tape; calendering of a tape of a given thickness and width; pulling the calibrated tape, cooling it to a solid state and cutting in the form of a sheet product; thermoforming, cooling and extraction of the finished product. The output of plastic products is about 180 pcs / hour.

Despite the increase in the number of operations, the time required to perform them has significantly decreased, for example, in the prototype method, only about 50 seconds were required for the cooling operation of the injection molded product, while all operations constituting the proposed method took about 60 seconds.

Calculations were carried out for the same initial data on raw materials and overall dimensions of the manufactured products.

The presented figures of the productivity of plastic products in the implementation of both methods can vary widely, depending on the type of raw material, the overall dimensions of the finished product, and much more, however, the overall ratio of one to three will remain unchanged.

In addition, when implementing the prototype method, the transition to a new type of manufactured products is fraught with serious technological difficulties, time and financial costs: the manufacture of a new expensive mold, the dismantling of the old and the installation of a new mold will take several weeks with the mandatory use of additional equipment.

The disadvantage of this method of manufacturing plastic products is the low productivity of plastic products and low efficiency with high financial costs when switching to a new type of product.

The technical task of the present invention is to increase the productivity of plastic products and minimize time and financial costs while expanding the range of plastic products.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the known method, including the melting of polymeric materials and extrusion of plastic using a displacing element into a molding device, in which molding and cooling of the product is carried out with its subsequent removal from the molding device, the polymer melt is additionally extruded through the profiling device in in the form of a tape that is calendared with a given thickness using a calender, then stretched, cooled to a solid state and cut into a sheet new products using a stretcher with a guillotine, an interchangeable deformation matrix is additionally made and inserted into a thermoforming device, into which sheet products are then fixed and heated to a predetermined temperature range, and a relief pattern is extruded onto them using a replaceable deformation matrix.

In the proposed method for changing the relief pattern on the manufactured product, it is only necessary to manufacture and replace an inexpensive replaceable deformation matrix in a thermoforming device. For this replacement, no additional equipment is required, and the time required for its implementation will take no more than two days.

In FIG. schematically shows a variant of a device that implements a method of manufacturing plastic products. The device consists of series-connected blocks: a melting and extrusion device - 1, a profiling device - 2, a calender - 3, an extractor with a guillotine - 4, a thermoforming device - 5, a cooling device - 6.

A method of manufacturing a plastic product is as follows.

In the melting and extrusion device, 1 polymer raw material (polypropylene or polyethylene), when heated, plasticizes into plastic and extruded through the profiling device - 2 in the form of a tape. Further in the calender - 3 tape calendaring a given thickness and width. Then, using a stretcher with a guillotine - 4, the calibrated tape is stretched, cooled to a solid state and cut into sheet products. Then the sheet products enter the thermoforming device - 5, in which they are fixed, heated to a predetermined temperature range (for example, for polypropylene 160-180 degrees, and for polyethylene 130-140 degrees) and using a removable deforming matrix, a relief pattern is extruded on the sheet products , after cooling the polymer using a cooling device - 6, a plastic copy of the forming surface of the replaceable deformation matrix is obtained. Next, the finished plastic products are removed from the thermoforming device - 5.

A device that implements a method of manufacturing plastic products can be made of the following equipment:

melting and extrusion devices - 1 and profiling devices - 2, which can be implemented as an extruder, for example LPSB-90/30 China;

calender - 3, which can be implemented as a 3-roll calender, for example ECR-90/30 China;

an extractor with a guillotine - 4, for example VPT-1 "Extroplast", Novgorod;

thermoforming devices - 5, for example, VFM-3000 Plastenergiya, St. Petersburg.

cooling device - 6, which can be made in the form of an industrial fan.

The invention "A method of manufacturing plastic products" is industrially applicable, since the combination of characteristics characterizing it, provides the possibility of its implementation, performance and reproducibility, since well-known materials and standard equipment can be used to implement the claimed method.

The analysis of the prior art allows us to establish that the inventive method, characterized by a combination of features, such as melting of polymeric materials in a special chamber and extruding plastic using an extrusion element through a profiling device in the form of a tape that is calendared with a given thickness using a calender, drawing, cooling and cutting in the form of sheet products, the manufacture of a replaceable deforming matrix and its placement in a thermoforming device, then the fixing of sheet products in thermoforming apparatus and heating to a predetermined temperature range, extrusion using a removable template at the deforming sheet product the embossed pattern identical to all attributes contained in the claims, the applicant proposed, there is no, indicating that the matching of the claimed invention patentability criterion of "novelty".

The prior art also does not confirm the popularity of the influence of the distinguishing features of the proposed method, such as extrusion of a polymer melt through a profiling device in the form of a tape, its calendering of a given thickness using a calender, drawing, cooling to solid state and cutting in the form of sheet products, manufacturing a replaceable deformation matrix and its placement in a thermoforming device, fixing sheet products in a thermoforming device and heating to a predetermined temperature range, extrusion using interchangeable deforming matrix sheet product the embossed pattern on the obtained technical result - an increase productivity of manufacture of plastic products and expanding the possibility of rapid change of the lineup produced plastic products with a minimum of financial cost, the claimed invention meets the condition "inventive level".

Implementation of the proposed method will allow 3 times to increase the productivity of plastic products and significantly minimize time and financial costs while expanding the range of plastic products.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing plastic products, including the melting of polymeric materials and extrusion of plastic using a displacing element into a molding device, in which the product is molded and cooled, followed by its removal from the molding device, characterized in that the polymer melt is extruded through a profiling device in the form of a tape, which calender a predetermined thickness using a calender, then stretch, cool to a solid state and cut into sheet products using Hovhan puller with a guillotine, further deforming matrix made replaceable and inserted in the thermoforming apparatus, in which sheet products then secured and heated to a predetermined temperature range, and they squeeze the embossed pattern using a replaceable deforming matrix.

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