RU2587769C1 - Combined tool for presowing treatment of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to tools for soil preparation to sowing of crops. Tool comprises disk knives and flat cutting working elements installed on stands. Disk knives are secured at post of flat cutting working elements on chisel drum. Drum is made in form of hollow cylinder and acts as gauge wheel. On external surface of drum are fixed in helical lines replaceable tillage teeth in form of regular tetrahedral pyramid. Height of teeth is equal to required depth of soil tillage. Disk knife diameter is larger than that of chisel drum along tops of teeth. Chisel drum is installed with help of stands on leashes with hinges on implement frame, and stands have height adjustment. After chisel drum on leashes are lancet flat cutting working elements, which stand has height adjustment. After lancet flat cutting working tool hinged on guides there is bar-balancer, fixed by tension springs. Tool is made sectional, and sections are installed on frame by means of short and long drivers with overlapping width of coverage.

EFFECT: such design will allow to enhance quality of upper soil layer processing to create mulching surface of agronomical valuable fractions and seed bed at complete destruction of weeds.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to implements for preparing soil for sowing when cultivating crops using high-intensity technologies.

A flat-cutting paw is known, including a stand on which a lancet flat-cutting paw with a front cutting edge is fixed, in which the flat-cutting paw is provided with cleaving elements placed by ledges and offset back from the cutting edge of the paw. The cleaving element is made in the form of a prism, one of the lateral faces of which is orthogonal to the upper plane of the paw and to the direction of its movement, and the height of the prism is greater than or equal to the thickness of the lancet planar paw (RU, patent No. 2105446).

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known device include incomplete cutting of the roots of the weeds by the wings of a plane-cutting paw, enveloping the rack with plant residues.

, где h_c - высота стойки, мм; i - угол заточки; ρ - фокальный параметр параболы, а изменение угла заточки режущей кромки крыла лапы описано уравнением прямой вида i=-(Ab_π+C)/B, где i - угол заточки; b_π - длина крыла лапы от стойки до свободного конца, мм; А, В, С - коэффициенты пропорциональности, полученные на основе экспериментальных данных (RU, патент №2105446).Known working body for surface tillage, including a rack with a working edge and a rear wall, on which is mounted a lancet plane-cutting paw with a front cutting edge, while the working edge of the rack is formed with a variable angle of sharpening along its height, and grinding with a minimum angle is made in parts rack, processing the surface layer, and the cutting edge on the wings of the legs is formed by sharpening the front face with a variable angle, decreasing in the direction of the free end of each wing from the rack, and la and with the back wall rack interfaced through the groove and secured therein by a wedge. The change in the angle of sharpening the working edge along the height of the rack is described by a second-order equation of the form

where h _c - the height of the rack, mm; i is the angle of sharpening; ρ is the focal parameter of the parabola, and the change in the angle of sharpening of the cutting edge of the wing of the leg is described by a direct equation of the form i = - (Ab _π + C) / B, where i is the angle of sharpening; b _π - the wing length of the legs from the rack to the free end, mm; A, B, C - proportionality coefficients obtained on the basis of experimental data (RU, patent No. 2105446).

The disadvantages of this working body include low reliability, enveloping racks and legs with plant residues, the complexity of manufacturing and maintenance.

A tillage tool is known, including a frame and a disk knife and a planar cutting tool mounted on it on racks one after another, while the tool is equipped with supporting elements made in the form of runners, each of which is fixed on the side of the disk knife blade and the planar cutting tool, this rack of the flat-cutting working body is made arcuate, enveloping the circular knife, and each skid is installed with the possibility of adjusting it in height (SU, copyright certificate No. 1752210 A1, IPC A01B 49/02).

The disadvantages of this tillage implement include the possibility of enveloping the paws with plant residues due to the simultaneous impact on the layer of soil after a circular knife, increased traction resistance due to the installation of support elements.

Known working body for pre-sowing and surface tillage, including a circular knife and flat-cutting working bodies mounted on racks, while the flat-cutting working bodies are made in the form of lancet half-holes and mounted on racks on both sides of the circular knife, while the left half-toe sock is moved forward relative to the axis of the disk knife and is located above the blade of the disk knife, and the recession of the blade of the disk knife relative to the blade of the lancet half-leg is taken from the calculation of the cutting of all plant residues s. The toe of the right half-hole is placed on the axis of the circular knife, and the blade of the right half-hole is placed on the same level as the blade of the left half-hole. The working body is mounted on a stand made in the form of a fork, to which are mounted the bearings of a disk knife and a rack of lancet half-legs, which are made two-sided with a sharp edge directed in the direction of movement of the working body (RU Patent No. 2433583 C1).

The disadvantages of this working body include the low quality of crumbling of the upper soil layer, the inability to obtain a smoothed field surface and, accordingly, a uniform depth of seed placement during sowing.

We have accepted this working body as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to improve the quality of soil treatment with strong weeds, to prevent the racks and paws from enveloping with plant residues, and to form a leveled soil surface.

EFFECT: creation of a mulching layer in the upper horizon with agronomically valuable soil fractions, complete mechanical destruction of weeds, high-quality processing of the upper layer with a sowing bed when processing fields for sowing crops, elimination of the removal of erosion-hazardous soil particles together with a moist lower layer.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the combined tool for pre-sowing tillage includes circular knives and flat-cutting working bodies mounted on racks, according to the invention, circular knives are fixed in the alignment of the flat-cutting working bodies on a cultivating drum made in the form of a hollow cylinder and acting as a copying wheel , on the outer surface of which removable loosening teeth are fixed along helical lines in the form of a regular tetrahedral pyramid, whose height is equal to the required depth of loosening the soil, the diameter of the circular knife is larger than the diameter of the ripping drum along the tops of the teeth. The ripping drum is installed using racks on leashes having hinges on the frame of the combined implement, and the racks are adjustable in height. Behind the ripping drum, leash mounted lancet cutting tools, the rack of which is adjustable in height. Behind the lancet ploskorezhayuschim working body pivotally mounted on leashes a beam-equalizer, fixed by tension springs. The combined gun is made sectional, and the sections are pivotally mounted on the frame using short and long leads with overlapping working widths.

The analysis of the prior art by the Applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information, and the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "Novelty" under existing law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a section of a combined implement for pre-sowing tillage, side view.

In FIG. 2 - the same, top view.

In FIG. 3 is a top view of the layout of a combined implement for pre-sowing tillage.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The combined implement for pre-sowing tillage is made sectional, with each section attached to the frame using hinges 1 made on the faces 2. In the front of the section, using a height-adjustable stand 3, a hollow cylindrical loosening drum 4 is installed, on the outer surface of which are fixed replaceable loosening teeth 5 made in the form of a regular tetrahedral pyramid to helical lines. The height of the pyramid is equal to the required depth of loosening of the soil. The teeth 5 are mounted on the drum with 4 ribs directed perpendicular to the axis of the drum 4. In the middle of the drum 4, a circular knife 6 is fixed, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the loosening drum along the tops of the teeth 5. A lancet planer working body 8 is mounted behind the circular knife 6 on a height-adjustable stand 7 . Behind the lancet ploskorezhayuschey working body 8 on the ridges 2 pivotally mounted on the leashes a beam-equalizer 9, fixed by the tension springs 10. The rack 7 of the lancet ploskorezhaya paws 8 is fixed in the middle section and additional ridges 11.

The tool is made sectional and includes sections on short ridges 12 and sections on long ridges 13. Sections on the frame are installed with overlapping working bodies along the working width. For aggregation on the frame 14 provides a hitch 15.

Combined tool for presowing tillage works as follows.

Before starting work, a ripping drum 4 and a lancet planar cutting paw 8 are installed at a predetermined processing depth.

When the implement moves, the disk knife 6 cuts the topsoil and plant debris to the depth of the soil cultivation, and the loosening drum with 4 teeth 5 destroys the clods of soil and loosening its top layer. In this case, the ripping drum acts as a copying wheel. The arrow-shaped plane-cutting working body 8 cuts weeds and mixes the soil.

The beam-leveling device 9 makes the leveling of the soil surface and provides the possibility of seeding the seeds when sowing at the same depth.

After the gun passes, a mulching layer of soil is created in the upper horizon, which is saturated with agronomically valuable soil fractions, and weeds are completely destroyed, which creates favorable conditions for the growth and development of cultivated plants and increases their productivity.

Claims (1)

Combined tool for presowing cultivation of the soil, including circular knives and flat-cutting working bodies mounted on racks, characterized in that the circular knives are fixed in the alignment of the rack of flat-cutting working bodies on a cultivating drum, made in the form of a hollow cylinder and acting as a copying wheel, on the outer surface whose removable loosening teeth are fixed along helical lines in the form of a regular tetrahedral pyramid, the height of which is equal to the required depth of loosening of the soil, the diameter of the disco of the knife is larger than the diameter of the ripping drum along the tops of the teeth, the ripping drum is installed using racks on leashes having hinges on the frame of the combined implement, and the racks are height adjustable, behind the ripping drum on the leashes mounted lancet cutting tools, the rack of which is height-adjustable , behind the lancet ploskorezhuyuschey working body pivotally mounted on leashes a beam equalizer, fixed by tension springs, the combined gun is made sectional, and The shares are mounted on the frame using short and long leashes with overlapping working widths.

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