RU2583073C1 - Sowing machine for precision sowing of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: sowing machine precision sowing of crops comprises hopper for seeds, sowing units, tubes and shares. Sowing mechanisms are vertical discs with cells on periphery of disc. Cells have shape and maximum size of sown crop seed and separated by webs, upper part of which is rounded. Bottom of cell is inclined towards seed duct, equal to angle of sliding friction of seed material of sowing disc. Above sowing window there is brush reflector-pusher. At vertical side wall of body of sowing device there is friction plate made of material with low friction coefficient on seeds. In upper part friction plate has sowing window, conjugated with seed tube. Side wall of body of sowing device, opposed to vertical side wall, is installed at angle to horizontal plane. Disc with cells is fixed on drive shaft by key. Number of sowing devices on seeder is equal to number of sown rows. Shares seeder are combined and fixed on tractions ditchers, to which disc knives are fixed by means of brackets with flanges. For furrow-formers are ramming-embedding rollers in form of two opposed smaller bases of truncated cones. After ramming-embedding rollers on guides are loop-harrows. At that, combined shares are installed in two cross rows, preventing pileup of soil before flanges of disc blades.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of sowing at reduction of damage of seeds.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines designed for sowing crops with a predetermined seed feed by the sowing apparatus, laying the seeds in a groove formed by the opener to a predetermined depth with a predetermined distance between the seeds along the row axis, covering the seeds with a moist soil layer with providing the necessary contact of seeds with a moist layer of soil.

A device for sowing seeds of grain crops, including a seed tube and a housing in which a furrow former is fixed in the form of two circular knives with a cutting edge mounted on bearings, while two circular knives are mounted parallel to the direction of movement and are provided on both sides with furrow-forming overlays made of polymer material, bolted connections attached to them (RU, patent for invention No. 2511237 C1).

The disadvantages of this device include the lack of the possibility of a given seed supply by the sowing apparatus, laying of seeds to a precisely predetermined depth, sheltering the seeds with a moist soil layer and ensuring the necessary contact of seeds with a moist soil layer.

A known seed section containing a bracket, fingers, rods, a spring, a stand, an axis, a circular knife, a seven-duct, a piping, a paw, while the stand is made L-shaped, and the axis on which the circular knife is mounted is rigidly fixed to its bottom in this case, two semiatukrovods rigidly connected to each other are rigidly fixed to the L-shaped rack by a circular knife, and a lancet paw is rigidly fixed to their lower part, and its cutting edge is located above the cutting edge of the circular knife, and their axis of symmetry are aligned, while in the sublapthe space there are the lower ends of the seed ducts, which are bent to the right and left, respectively, the pipe guide is rigidly attached to the end of the rear seven-duct, the lower end of which is bent back and placed at the level of the lower edge of the circular knife, and the bracket, with the possibility of horizontal the displacement is a sleeve, and on it in the perpendicular direction the axis is rigidly fixed, the ends of which are rigidly fixed racks with rollers-limiters located in vert planes forming sharp angles with a direction of movement not exceeding 10 °, while a lead is pivotally attached to the sleeve, to which a packer roller is attached, the width of which is greater than the row spacing, and the rear of the sleeve and the lead are pivotally connected to each other by a length-adjustable rod, equipped with a spring (RU, patent for the invention No. 2415539).

The disadvantages of this sowing section include the complexity of the design, low reliability, the inability to meet agrotechnological requirements for the accuracy of sowing and seeding at exactly the specified depth.

Known seeder for row crops, such as beets, including a sowing apparatus with a mesh disc of external filling, a keeled opener with cheeks and an ejector, the sowing apparatus equipped with a box-shaped guide mounted behind the opener between the cheeks and under the ejector nose, the surface of which is concave, and behind the ejector in the end part of the cheeks is installed a plate valve (RU, patent for invention No. 2238104 C1).

The disadvantages of this seeder are the low accuracy of sowing, the lack of the possibility of laying seeds at a given depth, sheltering the seeds with a moist soil layer and ensuring the necessary contact with the moist soil layer.

A grain seeder is known that contains a seed hopper, seed metering bobbins with guides and double-disc coulters, with a vibrating plate connected to a vibrator in each guide at an angle of 16-27 ° to the horizon, with gaps between the side surfaces of the vibrating plate and the surface of the guide no more than 1 mm (RU patent for the invention No. 2311745 C1).

The disadvantages of this grain seeder include the low accuracy of the seed supply to the coulter, damage to the seeds, the inability to seed the moist soil layer to a predetermined depth.

We have accepted this grain seeder as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to ensure the supply of a precisely predetermined amount of seeds by the sowing apparatus, to put the seeds into the groove formed by the opener to a predetermined depth, to cover the seeds with a moist soil layer to ensure the necessary contact of the seeds with the moist soil layer.

The technical result is an increase in germination and productivity.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the precision seeder for crops contains a seed hopper, sowing machines, seed tubes and coulters, according to the invention, vertical disk sowing machines with cells on the periphery of the disk, the cells being made in shape and maximum seed size of the sowing crop and separated by jumpers, the upper part of which is rounded, the bottom of the cell slopes towards the vas deferens, equal to the angle of friction of the sliding of seeds on the material of the sowing disk, above the sowing a brush reflector-ejector is installed by the window, a friction plate is installed at the vertical side wall of the metering unit body made of material with a low coefficient of friction against seeds, in the upper part, a friction plate has a metering window conjugated with the seed tube, the side wall of the metering device body is opposite to the vertical the side wall is installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, the disk with cells is fixed on the drive shaft with a key, the number of sowing devices on the seeder is equal to the number of sowing rows, the seeder coulters are combined, including furrow-mounted coulters mounted on rods, to which disk knives with flanges are fixed using brackets, and rolling-closing rollers are installed behind furrow-forming machines in the form of two truncated cones opposite to the small bases, and on the rolling-closing rollers are mounted on the reel a plow-harrow, while the combined coulters are installed in two transverse rows, preventing soil unloading in front of the flanges of circular knives.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 - shows a precision seeder, side view.

In FIG. 2 - sowing apparatus.

In FIG. 3 - sowing disk, plan view.

In FIG. 4 - sowing disk, cross section.

The precision seeder for agricultural crops includes a trailing device 1, a control hydraulic cylinder 2, a spoke 3, a frame 4, supporting-drive wheels 5, sowing devices 6, a seed hopper 7, seed tubes 8, compression springs 9, rods 10. On rods 10 in the first row fixed disk knives 11 with flanges 12 using brackets 13 and furrowers 14. The seed tubes 15 are fixed to the rear wall of furrower 14. Behind the furrowers 14 on the rods 10 are mounted height-adjustable press-close rollers 16. For press-close-up E rollers 16 on the rods 10 by means of leads 17 plume-harrows 18 are mounted.

Similarly to the equipment of the first row, on the rods there are installed circular knives 19 with flanges, behind which furrow-forming machines 20 are provided, rolling-closing rollers 21 and fastened with the help of leashes 22 of the loop harrow 23.

The metering device 6 has an inclined side wall 24, the drive shaft 25, fixed in the sidewall 26 on the bearing 27, the metering disk 28 is vertically mounted at the second wall. A brush reflector-ejector 29 is provided in the upper part of the metering disk 28, bolted to the metering device wall 30 On the periphery of the seed disc 28, cells 31 are made, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the shape and dimensions of the maximum seed of the seed culture. In this case, the bottom of the cell has a bias towards the periphery of the brush reflector-ejector, the bias of which is greater than the angle of friction of the sliding of seeds on the material of the sowing disk 28.

The side wall of the sowing disk 28 is coupled to a friction disk 32 made of material with a low coefficient of friction of the sliding of seeds on the disk 32.

In the upper part of the friction disk 32, a sowing window 33 is provided, which is interfaced with the seed tube 34.

Between the cells 31 are made jumpers 35, the upper part of which has a rounded radius. In the middle part, the disk 28 has a hub 36 and is fixed to the shaft 25 with a key 37.

A precision seeder for crops is as follows.

Seeds are poured into the seed box 7, flanges 12 are fixed to the disk knives 11 in accordance with the set depth of seed placement. Roller-sealing rollers 16 are installed on rods 10 at the level of installation of flanges 12, and then fall below this level by 18-20 mm and are fixed on rods 10.

Circular knives 11 are installed on a given row spacing.

When the seeder moves, the support-drive wheels 5 through a chain drive drive the drive shaft 25 and the sowing discs 28. The seeds located in the case of the sowing apparatus 6 are pressed against the sowing disk 28 from the action of the wall 24 and fall into the cells 31. The sunken seed will be held in the cell 31, since its bottom part has a bias towards the periphery and will be fixed by the disk 32, having a low coefficient of friction of the sliding of seeds on the disk. When cells 31 approach the sowing window 33, the bristles of the brush reflector-ejector remove excess seeds from the cells, leaving only one seed in the cell, which is pushed by the bristles into the vas deferens 34. Through the vas deferens 8 (Fig. 1), the seeds enter the vas deferens 15 under their own weight the furrower 14 and fit into the wedge-shaped groove formed by the furrower 14. The rolling-sealing rollers 16 act on the groove walls with lateral edges, cover the seeds with a moist soil layer and create the necessary ntakt soil. A plume of harrows 18 mulch the topsoil in the row area, which prevents moisture loss in the area of sown seeds and facilitates their germination.

Claims (1)

A precision seeder for crops containing a hopper for seeds, sowing devices, seed tubes and openers, characterized in that the sowing devices are made vertically disk with cells on the periphery of the disk, while the cells are made in shape and maximum size of the seed of the sowing culture and are separated by jumpers, the upper part of which is rounded, and the bottom of the cell has a bias towards the vas deferens, equal to the angle of friction of the sliding of seeds on the material of the sowing disk, a brush reflector is installed above the sowing window harvester-ejector, a friction plate is installed at the vertical side wall of the sowing apparatus body made of material with a low coefficient of friction against seeds, while in the upper part the friction plate has a sowing window conjugated to the seed tube, and the side wall of the sowing apparatus is opposite to the vertical side the wall is installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, in addition, the disk with the cells is fixed on the drive shaft with a key, the number of sowing devices on the seeder is equal to the number of sowing rows, seeder coulters are combined and include furrow-forming devices fixed to rods, to which disk knives with flanges are fixed using brackets, moreover, furrow-forming rollers are installed behind furrow-forming machines in the form of two truncated cones opposed to small bases, and shafts are mounted on the harness-rolling rollers on leashes - Harrows, while combined coulters are installed in two transverse rows, preventing soil unloading in front of the flanges of circular knives.

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