RU2575388C1 - Optical touch-sensitive device with speed measurement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises four emitters and two linear photodetectors optically interfaced with the said emitters and consisting of a set of photodiodes or phototransistors. A special-purpose computer controls emitter switching and inputs the state of the linear photodetectors successively for each emitter. When the finger of an operator crosses optical flux generated by the said emitters, shadows appear on the surface of one or both strip radiation detectors. A special-purpose computer then converts coordinates of the formed shadows into coordinates of the finger of the operator. Also, further inclusion into the device of 4 emitters interfaced with and separate from the available strip radiation detectors enables to determine the speed with which the finger touches the touch-sensitive surface.

EFFECT: simple adjustment of a touch-sensitive panel to a required size, including with the capability to increase the size and measure the speed of touching the touch-sensitive surface.

6 cl, 21 dwg

Description

The proposed optical sensor device with speed measurement relates to the technique of optical Touch-panels, widely used in trade, electronic payment systems, in personal computers.

A number of devices for this purpose are known. For example, US Pat. No. 7,006,236 B2 of February 28, 2006 [1] proposes a device that creates a virtual touch surface, touching it in certain places is equivalent to pressing buttons. This device contains a television camera, an optically coupled source of structured lighting and a computing device. The introduction of a finger into a stream created by a structured lighting source is recorded by a television camera. The computing device processes the video information coming from the television camera and determines the coordinates of the point of touch of the finger with the stream of structured radiation. In the devices proposed in US patent No. 6480187 dated 12/12/2002 [2], No. 6492633 dated 12/10/2002 [3], No. 6844539 dated January 18, 2005 [4], No. 7522156 dated April 21, 2009 . [5], a reflector and two transceiver optical modules are used. When there are streams formed by emitters that are part of the transceiver modules of the finger (stylus), a specialized computer with the help of photodetectors included in the transceiver modules, registers the angular coordinates of the finger (stylus).

A device for interactive localization of objects [6], containing two emitters and an optically coupled radiation receiver, is made in the form of a line, containing many photosensitive elements located along a line covering part of the perimeter of the "virtual keyboard", while the intersection of flows generated by the emitters on the surface of the radiation receiver provides the creation of a virtual keyboard, and the computing device alternately includes one of the two emitters and determines the coordinates Ata object. This device is the closest in functionality to the proposed one and is its prototype.

Its disadvantages include the non-rectangular shape of the touch surface (“virtual keyboard”), as well as the inefficient use of optical flows generated by both emitters, in which only part of their radiation is used to create the touch surface.

The aim of the invention is to increase the size of the touch surface, increase the functionality associated with easily fitting the touch surface to the required size and the ability to measure the speed of contact with the touch surface.

To this end, an optical sensor device with speed measurement is proposed, comprising two emitters and a first linear radiation detector optically coupled to it, containing a plurality of photosensitive elements aligned along one line, a computer, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the first and second emitters, and the input to the output of the first line receiver of radiation, characterized in that it additionally introduced the third and fourth emitters connected to the third and fourth outputs of the calculator and a second ruled radiation receiver optically coupled to the third and fourth emitters, the third and fourth emitters being arranged so as to be in close proximity to the first and last photosensitive elements of the first ruled radiation receiver, and the first and second emitters being located so as to be in direct proximity to the first and last photosensitive elements of the second line receiver of radiation. In this case, the sensor surface is formed of four zones represented by pairwise intersection of the optical flows of four emitters. Thus, in comparison with the prototype, in which the sensor surface is formed by the intersection of the optical flows of two emitters, there is a significant increase in the size of the sensor surface. In addition, an increase in the distance between the first and second line receivers does not affect the pairwise intersection of the optical fluxes of the emitters that are optically coupled to the corresponding line receivers. This property allows for an increase in the size of the touch surface, pushing the first and second line receivers relative to each other.

Entering the user's finger in one of the four zones causes the appearance of shadows on one or on both ruled radiation receivers. The computer enters signals from the outputs of the first and second ruled radiation receivers and determines the finger coordinates from their values.

In addition, to measure the speed at which the finger touches the touch surface, the device further comprises four emitters optically coupled to the first and second tape radiation detectors, or further comprises a third and fourth line emitters optically coupled to the first four emitters.

To increase the accuracy of measurements, the third and fourth line radiation detectors can be placed so that the photodetectors included in them (photo transistors or photo diodes) are shifted relative to the photodetectors included in the first and second line receivers by an amount equal to half the center-to-center distance between the photodetectors.

Additionally, the device may include sets of series-connected transimpedance amplifier, amplifier with adjustable gain, band-pass filter and demodulator.

In this case, the input of each set is connected to one of the photodetectors of the tape radiation receiver, and the outputs of all sets form a data bus connected to the corresponding input of a specialized computer. In addition, a specialized computer at its first, second, third and fourth outputs alternately generates pulse packets with a filling frequency equal to the center frequency of the bandpass filters. Thus, a significant increase in noise immunity is achieved, because the device stops responding to flare and other spurious optical signals.

In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the proposed device, where:

1, 2, 3, 4 - the first, second, third, fourth radiators, respectively,

5, 6 - the first and second ruled radiation receivers,

7 - touch surface

8 - specialized calculator,

9 - operator’s finger.

In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the partition of the sensor surface 7 into 4 zones, where: α, β, γ, δ are the zones of the sensor surface 7,

9 _α - finger 9 of the operator in the zone α,

9 _β - finger 9 of the operator in the zone β,

9 _γ - finger 9 of the operator in the zone γ,

9 _δ - finger 9 of the operator in the zone δ,

ψ ₁ , ψ ₂ , ψ ₃ , ψ ₄ - optical flows of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th emitters.

In FIG. 3 shows an example of an electrical circuit of a linear photodetector, where:

P ₁ ... P _n - phototransistors,

DBus is a data bus.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows an example of a practical implementation of a line radiation receiver, where: PCB is a printed circuit board.

In FIG. 5 shows the optical-geometric diagram of the formation of shadow segments, where:

- теневые сегменты, образуемые пальцем 9,

- shadow segments formed by finger 9,

0XY - coordinate system,

- координаты центров теней на поверхностях линейчатых приемников излучения,

- coordinates of the centers of shadows on the surfaces of the line receivers of radiation,

- координаты оптических центров излучателей.

- coordinates of the optical centers of the emitters.

In FIG. 6 shows an example of the formation of the output signals of photodetectors, where:

u ₁ ... u _n - signals of phototransistors P ₁ ... P _n ,

m is the axial optical line of the line receiver of radiation.

In FIG. 7 shows an algorithm for determining the area of a finger on the surface 7.

In FIG. 8 shows a functional diagram of a device corresponding to the 2nd claim, where:

20, 21, 22, 23 - fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth emitters.

In FIG. 9 shows the optical-geometric measurement scheme for a device made according to the 2nd claim, where:

Ψ ₅ , Ψ ₆ , Ψ ₇ , Ψ ₈ - optical flows of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth emitters,

- теневые сегменты, образуемые пальцем 9,

- shadow segments formed by finger 9,

l (t) is the trajectory of the finger 5,

9 (t ₁ ), 9 (t ₂ ), 9 (t ₃ ) - the position of the finger 5 at times t ₁ , t ₂ , t ₃ .

ε, τ are shear vectors,

h is the distance between the optical centers of the 1st and 5th, 2nd and 6th, 3rd and 7th, 4th and 8th ruled radiation detectors.

In FIG. 10 shows a geometric diagram of the formation of the “upper sensory surface” for a device made according to the 2nd claim.

In FIG. 11 shows a timing diagram of the operation of the device made according to the 2nd claim.

In FIG. 12 is a functional diagram of a device corresponding to the 3rd claim, where:

24, 25 - 3rd and 4th line receivers of radiation.

In FIG. 13 shows the optical-geometric measuring scheme for a device made according to the 3rd claim, where:

, - теневые сегменты, образуемые пальцем 9.

, - shadow segments formed by finger 9.

In FIG. 14 is a geometric diagram of the formation of the “upper sensory surface” for a device made according to the 3rd claim.

In FIG. 15 shows a timing diagram of the operation of a device made according to the 3rd claim.

In FIG. 16 shows a functional diagram of a device made according to the 4th claim.

In FIG. 17 shows the optical-geometric measurement scheme for a device made according to the 4th claim.

In FIG. 18 is a geometric diagram of the formation of the "upper sensory surface" for a device made according to the 4th claim.

In FIG. 19 is a timing diagram of the operation of a device made according to the 4th claim.

In FIG. 20 is a geometric diagram of the mutual arrangement of ruled radiation detectors for a device made according to the 5th claim.

In FIG. 21 is a functional diagram of signal processing of photodetectors for a device made according to the 6th claim, where:

26 - transimpedance amplifier,

27 - amplifier with adjustable gain,

28 - band-pass filter,

29 - demodulator

30 - control circuit.

The operation of the device, a functional diagram of which is shown in FIG. 1 is carried out as follows.

Specialized computer 7 alternately includes one of four emitters 1, 2, 3, 4. In this case, optical flows поток ₁ , Ψ ₂ , Ψ ₃ , Ψ ₄ are formed at their outputs, as shown in FIG. 2. These streams fall on the surface of the first and second ruled radiation detectors 5 and 6 and are registered by the phototransistors or photodiodes included in their composition and are entered into the memory of a specialized computer 8. In FIG. 3 shows an electrical diagram of the execution of line photodetectors 5 and 6, and in FIG. 4 example of its design. A necessary condition for the elements P ₁ ... P _n used there is their wide enough viewing angle in plane 7, which is required for receiving radiation from emitters 1, 2, 3, 4 that are optically coupled to the corresponding line receiver. Signals taken from the outputs P ₁ ... P _n form a signal data bus - DBus, arriving at the corresponding input of a specialized computer 8.

When forming optical flows Ψ ₁ , Ψ _{2, a} specialized computer 8 enters the state of the 1st line radiation receiver 5, and when forming optical flows Ψ ₃ , Ψ ₄ - the state of the 2nd line radiation receiver 6. Thus, if finger 9 touches sensor surface 7, it gets in the way of any pair of radiation Ψ ₁ , Ψ ₂ , Ψ ₃ Ψ ₄ , incident on the surface of the line radiation receivers. In this case, shadows appear on their surfaces, the coordinates of which are fixed by a specialized calculator 8. Next, by their values, a specialized calculator 8 determines the relative coordinates of the fingertip in contact with the touch surface 7. Denote:

P (Ψ _i ) is the rectangular projection of the flow Ψ _i onto the sensor surface 7,

P (Ψ _i ) ∩ P (Ψ _j ) is the intersection of the projections P (Ψ _i ) and P (Ψ _j ).

From FIG. Figure 2 shows that the sensor surface 7 is divided into four zones - α, β, γ, δ.

Wherein:

In FIG. 5 shows the formation of shadow segments when finger 9 touches the touch surface 7.

It's clear that:

образуется пальцем 9, находящимся в зоне α, при действии оптического потока Ψ₁,- shadow segment

formed by a finger 9, located in the zone α, under the action of the optical flow Ψ ₁ ,

образуется пальцем 9, находящимся в зоне 8, при действии оптического потока Ψ₁,- shadow segment

formed by the finger 9, located in zone 8, under the action of the optical flow Ψ ₁ ,

образуется пальцем 9, находящимся в зоне γ, при действии оптического потока Ψ₂,- shadow segment

formed by a finger 9, located in the zone γ, under the action of an optical flux Ψ ₂ ,

образуется пальцем 9, находящимся в зоне δ, при действии оптического потока Ψ₂,- shadow segment

formed by the finger 9, located in the zone δ, under the action of the optical flow Ψ ₂ ,

образуется пальцем 9, находящимся в зоне β, при действии оптического потока Ψ₃,- shadow segment

formed by a finger 9, located in zone β, under the action of an optical flux Ψ ₃ ,

образуется пальцем 9, находящимся в зоне γ, при действии оптического потока Ψ₃,- shadow segment

formed by a finger 9, located in the zone γ, under the action of an optical flux Ψ ₃ ,

образуется пальцем 9, находящимся в зоне β, при действии оптического потока Ψ₄,- shadow segment

formed by a finger 9, located in zone β, under the action of an optical flow Ψ ₄ ,

образуется пальцем 9, находящимся в зоне γ, при действии оптического потока Ψ₄.- shadow segment

formed by the finger 9, located in the zone γ, under the action of an optical flux Ψ ₄ .

The coordinates of the centers of shadows formed by shadow segments on the surfaces of ruled photodetectors, when a finger touches the sensor surface 7 in the zones α, β, γ, δ, have the form:

- координата центра тени, формируемой четвертым излучателем на поверхности второго линейчатого приемника излучения 6,

- the coordinate of the center of the shadow formed by the fourth emitter on the surface of the second line receiver 6,

- координата центра тени, формируемой третьим излучателем на поверхности второго линейчатого приемника излучения 6,

- the coordinate of the center of the shadow formed by the third emitter on the surface of the second line receiver of radiation 6,

- координата центра тени, формируемой четвертым излучателем на поверхности второго линейчатого приемника излучения 6,

- the coordinate of the center of the shadow formed by the fourth emitter on the surface of the second line receiver 6,

- координата центра тени, формируемой третьим излучателем на поверхности второго линейчатого приемника излучения 5,

- the coordinate of the center of the shadow formed by the third emitter on the surface of the second line receiver of radiation 5,

- координата центра тени, формируемой вторым излучателем на поверхности первого линейчатого приемника излучения 5,

- the coordinate of the center of the shadow formed by the second emitter on the surface of the first ruled radiation receiver 5,

- координата центра тени, формируемой первым излучателем на поверхности первого линейчатого приемника излучения 6,

- the coordinate of the center of the shadow formed by the first emitter on the surface of the first ruled radiation receiver 6,

- координата центра тени, формируемой вторым излучателем на поверхности первого линейчатого приемника излучения 6,

- the coordinate of the center of the shadow formed by the second emitter on the surface of the first ruled radiation receiver 6,

- координата центра тени, формируемой первым излучателем на поверхности первого линейчатого приемника излучения 6.

- the coordinate of the center of the shadow formed by the first emitter on the surface of the first ruled radiation receiver 6.

Coordinates of optical centers:

- первого излучателя,

- the first emitter,

- второго излучателя,

- second emitter,

- третьего излучателя,

- third emitter,

- четвертого излучателя.

- the fourth emitter.

.FIG. 6 illustrates an example of the formation of the output signals of phototransistors P ₁ ... P _n when the 1st emitter and the shadow segment are on

.

In this case, the signals u ₁ ... u _n have the meanings:

u ₁ = 1, ... u _k-2 = 1, u _k-1 = 1, u _k = 0, u _{k + 1} = 0, u _{k + 2} = 1, ... u _n = 1.

In FIG. Figure 7 shows the algorithm for determining which zone of the sensor field 7 contains finger 9. Given that X is the coordinate of the centers of shadows on the first and second ruled radiation detectors, provided that they are perpendicular to the 0X axis, it has fixed values of X ₁ and X _2, respectively , you can write:

(X ₁ , Y ₁₁ ) - the coordinate of the center of the shadow from the action of the first emitter on the surface of the first photodetector, measured by a specialized calculator 8,

(X ₁ , Y ₂₁ ) - measured by a specialized computer 8 coordinate of the center of the shadow from the action of the second emitter on the surface of the first photodetector,

(X ₂ , Y ₃₂ ) - measured by a specialized computer 8 coordinate of the center of the shadow from the action of the third emitter on the surface of the second photodetector,

(X ₂ , Y ₄₂ ) - the coordinate of the center of the shadow from the action of the fourth emitter on the surface of the second photodetector, measured by a specialized computer 8.

It is believed that the values of Y ₁₁ = 0, Y ₂₁ = 0, Y ₃₂ = 0, Y ₄₂ = 0 correspond to the absence of shadows on the surface of the first or second ruled radiation receiver. When implementing this algorithm in a block:

10 - beginning

11 - condition Y ₁₁ = 0 is checked,

12 - condition Y ₂₁ = 0 is checked,

13 - condition Y ₃₂ = 0 is checked,

14 - condition Y ₄₂ = 0 is checked,

15 - the variable zone is assigned the value δ,

присваивается значение

,variable

assigned a value

,

присваивается значение

,variable

assigned a value

,

16 - the variable zone is assigned the value α,

присваивается значение

,variable

assigned a value

,

присваивается значение

,variable

assigned a value

,

17 - the variable zone is assigned the value β,

присваивается значение

,variable

assigned a value

,

присваивается значение

,variable

assigned a value

,

18 - the variable zone is assigned the value of γ,

присваивается значение

,variable

assigned a value

,

присваивается значение

,variable

assigned a value

,

19 - the end.

и

и имеет вид:The calculation of the coordinates of the point ∏ (position of finger 9) is reduced to finding the point (X _∏ , Y _∏ ) of the intersection of two lines passing through the points

and

and has the form:

Where:

и

, в системе координат 0XY (фиг. 5), принадлежат:where the coordinates of the points

and

, in the coordinate system 0XY (Fig. 5), belong to:

и

берется один из элементов, перечисленных в правых скобках 3 с учетом того, в какой зоне (α, β, γ, δ, определенной в алгоритме фиг. 7) находится палец 9 - выбирается пара координат с соответствующим верхним индексом. Аналогично, в качестве

и

, берется один из элементов, перечисленных в правых скобках 4 с учетом того, какие излучатели участвуют в создании тени на поверхности линейчатых приемников излучений 5 и 6 - выбирается пара координат с соответствующим нижним индексом.For the calculation according to formula 2, as

and

one of the elements listed in the right brackets 3 is taken into account in which zone (α, β, γ, δ defined in the algorithm of Fig. 7) finger 9 is located - a pair of coordinates with the corresponding superscript is selected. Similarly, as

and

, one of the elements listed in the right brackets 4 is taken, taking into account which emitters are involved in creating the shadow on the surface of the line receivers of radiation 5 and 6 - a pair of coordinates with the corresponding lower index is selected.

In FIG. 8 is a functional diagram of the device according to the second claim, which, in addition to determining the coordinates of a finger, makes it possible to measure the speed at which it touches the touch surface 7. For this, the device further comprises emitters 20, 21, 22, 23 connected to additional outputs of a specialized calculator 8, offset along lines perpendicular to the touch surface 7, and each of which is located at a fixed distance from the respective emitter 1, 2, 3 and 4. Specialized calculator 8, subsequently atelno including emitters 20, 21, 22 and 23, enters the state of line radiation detectors 5, 6 are optically conjugated corresponding emitter. When finger 9 crosses one of the streams generated by the emitter 20, 21, 22 or 23, and the corresponding line receiver of radiation 5 or 6 incident on the surface, a specialized calculator 8 detects the appearance of a shadow and starts counting down the period of time required to calculate the speed. To do this, he starts the cycle of sequentially turning on emitters 1, 2, 3, and 4, waiting for the appearance of shadows, for which the state of line receivers of radiation 5 and 6 is interrogated. As soon as finger 9 intersects any flow generated by emitters 1, 2, 3, 4, when it is in contact with the sensor surface 7, the report of the time period required for determining the speed is stopped. Further, according to the coordinates of the shadows formed by any pair of streams from the 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th emitters on the surfaces of the line photodetectors 5 and 6, a specialized calculator 8 determines the coordinates of the touch of the finger on the touch surface 7. In addition, the coordinates of the touch point allow you to specify the path traversed by a finger for a previously defined period of time, which increases the accuracy of measuring speed.

The foregoing is illustrated by the optical-geometric diagram shown in FIG. 9. In this scheme, the emitters 20, 21, 22, 23, spaced from the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th emitters by the value of h perpendicular to the touch surface 7, create light fluxes Ψ ₅ , Ψ ₆ , Ψ ₇ , Ψ ₈ , which Together with the line photodetectors 5 and 6, they form the so-called “upper sensory surface” consisting of two planes S _H1 and S _H1 shown in FIG. 10. Similarly to expression 1, one can write down the definitions of zones into which the sensor surface 7 is divided:

и

, а в точке 9(t₃) формируются теневые сегменты

и

.The finger 9 at time t ₁ is in position 9 (t ₁ ) and, moving along the path l (t) at time t ₂ , comes to point 9 (t ₂ ), and at time t _{3 it} touches the touch surface 7. In this case, shadow segments are formed from the finger located at point 9 (t ₂ )

and

, and at point 9 (t ₃ ) shadow segments are formed

and

.

перемещается по направлению вектора ε, а теневой сегмент

по направлению вектора τ. Измерив промежуток времени между появлением на линейчатых приемниках 5, 6 теневых сегментов

,

и появлением там же теневых сегментов

,

, определяем тем самым разность t₃-t₂, требуемую для измерения скорости движения пальца в момент его касания с поверхностью 7.It is seen that when the finger moves from state 9 (t ₂ ) to state 9 (t ₃ ), the shadow segment

moves in the direction of the vector ε, and the shadow segment

in the direction of the vector τ. By measuring the time interval between the appearance of 5, 6 shadow segments on line receivers

,

and the appearance of shadow segments there

,

, thereby determining the difference t ₃ -t ₂ required to measure the speed of the finger at the moment it touches the surface 7.

In the geometric diagram of FIG. Figure 10 shows the formation of 2 planes S _H1 and S _H2 , forming the "upper sensory surface." In this figure, m ₁ and m ₂ are the axial lines of the first and second ruled radiation receivers 5 and 6. In addition, to simplify the circuit, the emitters 1, 2 and 3, 4 are placed along the same axial lines m ₁ and m _2, respectively.

Moreover, the equation of the plane S _H1 has the form:

and the planes S _H2 -

Where:

- координаты пятого, шестого, седьмого и восьмого излучателей 20, 21, 22 и 23 соответственно.

- the coordinates of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth emitters 20, 21, 22 and 23, respectively.

The coordinates of the touch point (X _∏ , Y _∏ ) of the touch surface 7 are determined by formulas 2, 3, 4. Solutions of equations 6, if:

or equation 7 if:

allows you to determine the value of Z _∏ . It's obvious that:

The speed of a finger touching the surface 7 is equal to:

In the timing diagram of FIG. 11 illustrates the operation of the system corresponding to the 2nd claim. In phase Φ _{1 of} this diagram, the finger 9 is expected to intersect one of the planes S _H1 or S _H2 , i.e. the intersection of the “upper sensory plane” with finger 9. For this, in an infinite loop, a sequence of flows Ψ ₅ , Ψ ₆ , Ψ ₇ , Ψ _{8 is formed} in the aperture interval T _ar , with the reading of the state of the line receivers 5 and 6 - curves ρ ₁ and ρ ₂ . As soon as this intersection is detected, specialized calculator 8 captures the time t ^* . After this, the phase Φ ₂ begins, in which the finger 9 is expected to touch plane 7, for which purpose a specialized sequence of computers 8 generates a sequence of flows Ψ ₁ , Ψ ₂ , Ψ ₃ , Ψ ₄ with a similar reading of the state of the line receivers. If a touch is detected, specialized calculator 8 fixes the time t ^** and then proceeds to phase Φ ₃ . In this phase, specialized calculator 8 determines the coordinates according to formula 2, taking into account expressions 3 and 4, and calculates the speed according to formula 11, taking into account expressions 6, 7, 8, 9.

In FIG. 12 is a functional diagram of the device according to the third claim, which allows, in addition to determining the coordinates of the finger, to measure the speed at which it touches the touch surface 7. The device further comprises ruled radiation detectors 24 and 25, parallel offset upward from the touch plane relative to the linear radiation receivers 5 and 6, and connected to additional inputs of specialized calculator 8. Specialized calculator 8 controls the emitters 1, 2, 3 and 4, the follower о forming optical streams conjugated with line receivers of radiation 5 and 6, as well as with newly introduced line receivers of radiation 24 and 25. At the same time, it measures the time interval between a finger crossing one of the streams generated by radiators 1, 2, 3 and 4 detected by the line receivers of radiation 24 and 25 and the finger crossing the same streams, but recorded by the line receivers of radiation 5 and 6. Further along the coordinates of the shadows formed by any pair of streams from 1, 2, 3, or 4 emitters on the surfaces of the line photodetectors 5 and 6, a specialized calculator 8 determines the coordinates of the touch of the finger with the finger 7. Then the distance traveled by the finger between the intersection of one of the emitter streams 20, 21, 22 is determined by the values of these coordinates and the geometric location of the emitters 20, 21, 22, 23, 23 to its contact with the touch surface 7. These data further allow the specialized calculator to determine the speed of the finger at the moment it touches the touch surface 7.

и

, а в точке 9(t₃), формируются теневые сегменты

и

. Видно, что при движении пальца из состояния 9(t₂) в состояние 9(t₃) теневой сегмент

перемещается по направлению вектора ε, а теневой сегмент

- по направлению вектора τ. Измерив промежуток времени между появлением теневых сегментов

,

, на линейчатых приемниках 24 и 25 и появлением теневых сегментов

,

на линейчатых приемниках 5 и 6, определяем разность t₃-t₂, требуемую для измерения скорости движения пальца в момент его касания с поверхностью 7.In the optical-geometric diagram of FIG. 13 you can see that finger 9, at time t ₁ , is in position 9 (t ₁ ) and, moving along the path l (t) at time t ₂ , comes to point 9 (t ₂ ), and at time t ₃ touches the touch surface 7. In this case, shadow segments form from the finger located at point 9 (t ₂ )

and

, and at point 9 (t ₃ ), shadow segments are formed

and

. It is seen that when the finger moves from state 9 (t ₂ ) to state 9 (t ₃ ), the shadow segment

moves in the direction of the vector ε, and the shadow segment

- in the direction of the vector τ. By measuring the time interval between the appearance of shadow segments

,

on line receivers 24 and 25 and the appearance of shadow segments

,

on line receivers 5 and 6, we determine the difference t ₃ -t ₂ required to measure the speed of the finger at the moment it touches the surface 7.

In the geometric diagram of FIG. Figure 14 shows the formation of 2 planes S _L1 and S _L2 , forming the "upper sensory surface." In this figure, m ₁ and m ₂ are the axial lines of the first and second ruled radiation receivers 5 and 6, and m ₃ and m ₄ are the axial lines of the third and fourth ruled radiation receivers 24 and 25. In addition, to simplify the scheme, emitters 1, 2 and 3, 4 are arranged along the centerlines m ₁ and m _2, respectively.

Moreover, the equation of the plane S _L1 has the form:

and the planes S _L2 -

Where:

- координаты положения 3-го и 4-го линейчатых приемников излучения (при условии их параллельности оси Y).

- the coordinates of the positions of the 3rd and 4th line radiation receivers (provided that they are parallel to the Y axis).

The coordinates of the touch point (X _∏ , Y _∏ ) of the touch surface 7 are determined by formulas 2, 3, 4. Solutions of equations 9,

if:

or equation 10 if:

allows you to determine the value of Z _∏ . It's obvious that:

The speed of a finger touching the surface 7 is equal to:

To determine when the finger 9 intersects the plane S _L1 or S _L2, specialized calculator 8 in phase Φ _{1 of the} diagram depicted in FIG. 15, waits for the finger to cross 9 planes S _L1 or S _L2 , i.e. the intersection of the “upper sensory surface” with finger 9. For this, it forms a sequence of flows Ψ ₁ , Ψ ₂ , Ψ ₃ , Ψ ₄ , and in the aperture interval T _ar enters the states of the 3rd tape radiation receiver 24 (for emissions излуч ₁ , Ψ ₂ ) - signal ρ ₃ , and the 4th tape receiver 25 (for emissions Ψ ₃ , Ψ ₄ ) - signal ρ ₄ . As soon as the presence of shadow segments is detected, a specialized computer 8 captures the time t ^* and ends the phase Φ ₁ . After this, the phase Φ ₂ begins, in which finger 9 is expected to touch plane 7, for which continuing the formation of the sequence of flows Ψ ₁ , Ψ ₂ , Ψ ₃ , Ψ ₄ , shadow segments are detected on the surface of the line photodetectors 5 and 6, i.e. in the aperture interval T _ar enters the states of the 1st tape radiation detector 5 (for emissions Ψ ₁ , Ψ ₂ ) - signal ρ ₁ , and the 2nd tape receiver 6 (for emissions Ψ ₃ , Ψ ₄ ) - signal ρ ₂ . If this touch is detected, specialized calculator 8 captures the time t ^** and ends the phase Φ ₂ . In the next phase Φ ₃ , the speed and contact coordinates of the touch surface are calculated, represented by signal C. The sequence of these phases is then repeated in an infinite loop.

In FIG. 16 is a functional diagram of a device for forming a touch surface according to the fourth claim, allowing in addition to the coordinates of touching the finger 9 of the sensor surface 7 to measure the speed of its touch. The device further comprises a line of radiation detectors 24 and 25, parallel offset upward from the touch plane relative to the line of radiation detectors 5 and 6 and connected to additional inputs of a specialized computer 8, as well as emitters 20 and 22 located on the edges of the line of radiation receivers 24 and 25 and connected to additional outputs of a specialized computer 8. Cyclically forming radiation fluxes using 20 and 22 emitters, a specialized computer 8 is waiting for the shadow segment caused by the intersection of one of these flows with a finger on the surface of the line receivers of radiation 24 or 25. When a shadow segment is detected, a specialized calculator 8 captures the time t ^* .

After this intersection has occurred, cyclically forming the radiation fluxes using 1 and 3 emitters, specialized calculator 8 is waiting for the shadow segment to appear, caused by the intersection of one of these flows with a finger, on the surface of line receivers of radiation 4 or 5. When a shadow segment is detected, specialized the transmitter 8 captures the time t ^** . Next, to calculate the speed, the value of the time interval t ^** -t ^{* is used} .

, а в точке 9(t₃) формируются теневые сегменты

и

. Измерив промежуток времени между появлением теневого сегмента

и появлением теневого сегмента

, определяем разность t₃-t₂, требуемую для измерения скорости движения пальца в момент его касания с поверхностью 7.In the optical-geometric diagram of FIG. 17 it can be seen that finger 9 at time t ₁ is in position 9 (t ₁ ) and, moving along the path l (t) at time t ₂ , comes to point 9 (t ₂ ), and at time t ₃ touches the touch surface 7. At the same time, a shadow segment is formed from the finger located at point 9 (t ₂ )

, and at point 9 (t ₃ ) shadow segments are formed

and

. By measuring the time interval between the appearance of the shadow segment

and the advent of the shadow segment

, we determine the difference t ₃ -t ₂ required to measure the speed of the finger at the moment it touches the surface 7.

позволяет определить координату точки касания пальцем 5, сенсорной поверхности 7 по формуле 2 с учетом условий 3 и 4.Shadow segment

allows you to determine the coordinate of the touch point with your finger 5, the touch surface 7 according to formula 2, taking into account conditions 3 and 4.

In FIG. 18 is a geometric diagram of the formation of the “upper sensory surface”.

To determine the moment of its intersection with a finger, two emitters 24 and 25 are sufficient, and the distance that finger 9 crosses between times t ₂ and t ₃ is constant and equal to h.

Based on the foregoing, the touch speed in this case is defined as:

In the timing diagram of FIG. 19 illustrates the operation of the system corresponding to the 4th claim. In phase Φ _{1 of} this diagram, the finger intersects the plane S _M with finger 9, i.e. the intersection of the "upper sensory surface." For this, in an infinite loop, a sequence of fluxes Ψ ₅ , Ψ _{6 is formed} , in the aperture interval T _ar , with the reading of the state of the line radiation receivers 24 and 25, the signals ρ ₃ and ρ ₄ . As soon as this intersection is detected, specialized calculator 8 captures the time t ^* . After this, the phase Φ ₂ begins, in which finger 9 of the plane 7 is expected to touch, for which purpose a specialized sequence of computers 8 generates a sequence of flows Ψ ₁ , Ψ ₃ in an infinite loop with the reading of the state of the line receivers 5 and 6 - signals ρ ₁ and ρ ₂ . If a touch is detected, specialized calculator 8 fixes the time t ^** and then proceeds to phase Φ ₃ . In this phase, specialized calculator 8 generates flows Ψ ₂ , Ψ ₄ with fixing the coordinates of the shadow segments on the surfaces of the line receivers of radiation 5 and 6. In phase Φ ₄ , the coordinates are determined by formula 2 taking into account expressions 3 and 4 and the speed is calculated by formula 12 , and is depicted by signal C. Next, the sequence of the listed phases is repeated in an infinite loop.

In FIG. 20 shows a geometric diagram of the mutual placement of line receivers of radiation 5, 24 or 6, 25, where:

m, m ′ are the axial lines of radiation receivers 5 and 24, or 6 and 25.

d is the center-to-center distance of the photodetectors included in the composition of the line radiation detectors,

T is a fragment of the shadow falling on the surface of the line receivers of radiation.

To increase the resolution, the upper line detector of radiation is shifted relative to the lower one by an amount equal to half the center-to-center distance d.

To increase the noise immunity of this device, the amplitude modulation of optical fluxes Ψ ₁ , Ψ ₂ , Ψ ₃ , Ψ ₄ , Ψ ₅ , Ψ ₆ , Ψ ₇ , Ψ ₈ emitters 1, 2, 3, 4, 20, 21, 22 can be used , 23. For this, a pulse train is formed sequentially at each of the outputs of the specialized calculator 8 with a frequency equal to the center frequency of the bandpass filter used in the photodetector signal processing circuit described below, in particular the photodiode shown in FIG. 21. The signals of the photodiodes included in the line receivers of radiation 5, 6, 24, 25, are processed by a chain of sequentially connected transimpedance amplifier 26, an amplifier with adjustable gain 27, a bandpass filter 28 and a demodulator 29. In addition, the control circuit 30 according to the signal the output of the bandpass filter 28 generates a feedback signal that controls the gain of the amplifier 27, and the reference level entering the demodulator 29. Given the increased requirements for the speed of photodetectors in this processing scheme, in their quality ETS high pin-photodiodes are to be used. This scheme (Fig. 21) has been widely used in remote control systems for household equipment (televisions, music centers, etc.). An extensive range of photodetectors is made, in which this circuit is integrated in one housing with a pin photodiode [7, 8], or is made in the form of a separate microcircuit [9], which simplifies their use in the proposed device.

Information sources

1. US patent No. 7006236 B2 dated February 28, 2006.

2. US patent No. 6480187 from 12/12/2002

3. US Patent No. 6492633 dated December 10, 2002.

4. US patent No. 6844539 from 01/18/2005

5. US patent No. 7522156 from 04/21/2009

6. RF patent No. 2278423 dated 06/20/2006.

7. IR-Receiver for Remote Control Systems. Reference material from OSRAM, Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Wernerwerkstrasse 2, D-93049 Regensburg. www.osram-os.com.

8. IR Receiver Modules for Remote Control Systems. Vishay reference material. Document Number: 82177. Rev. 2.3, 04-Feb-11. www.vishay.com.

9. Preamplifier Circuit for IR Remote Control. Vishay reference material. Document Number: 82443. Rev. 1.4, 05-Feb-14. http://www.vishay.com/docs/82443/vsop383.pdf.

Claims (6)

1. An optical sensor device with the ability to measure the speed of a finger touching a sensor surface, containing two emitters and a linear radiation detector, consisting of a set of photodiodes or phototransistors, optically coupled to the first and second emitters, and a computer, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the first and second emitters, and the first input to the output of the line receiver of radiation, characterized in that it further comprises a third and fourth emitters connected to the third and fourth output the transmitter and the second line radiation receiver, optically coupled to the third and fourth emitters, and connected to the second input of the calculator, in addition, the third and fourth emitters are located at the edges of the first line radiation receiver, and the first and second emitters are located at the edges of the second line radiation receiver , and the computer controls the conditions of the emitters so that the pairwise intersection of the optical flows generated by the emitters on the surfaces of the line photodetectors forms four the zones defining the sensory surface; in addition, the calculator inputs signals from the outputs of the first and second ruled radiation receivers and determines the coordinates of the finger crossing one of the four zones from them.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it further comprises a fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth emitters, the optical centers of which are located on lines passing through the optical centers of the first, second, third and fourth emitters, respectively, and perpendicular to the touch surface, and again the introduced emitters are optically coupled to the corresponding line radiation receivers and connected to additional outputs of the calculator, while the calculator, controlling the states of the emitters, fixes the interval the time between the object crossing the flows of the fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth emitters incident on the ruled light receivers optically conjugated with them and the finger crossing the flows of the first, second, third or fourth emitters incident on the rudder optically conjugated with them, further on the basis of the values of this interval, the calculator determines the speed at which the finger touches the touch surface.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a third and fourth ruled radiation receivers connected to additional inputs of the calculator and located above the first and second ruled radiation receivers, respectively, while the calculator fixes the time interval between the finger crossing the flows of the first, second , third, fourth emitters incident on the corresponding third and fourth line radiation detectors optically coupled to them, and when they intersect the flows of the first, second , Third or fourth radiators incident on the corresponding optically conjugate with them the first and second radiation detectors ruled further based on the value of this interval calculator determines the rate of a finger touch the touch surface.  4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that it further comprises a fifth and sixth emitters, the optical centers of which are located on a line passing through the optical centers of the first and third emitters, respectively, perpendicular to the touch surface, the fifth and sixth emitters connected to additional outputs of the calculator and are optically coupled to a third and fourth line receiver of radiation, respectively.  5. The device according to p. 3 or 4, characterized in that the first, third, second, fourth fourth line radiation detectors are offset relative to each other by half the center distance along the horizontal optical axis of the photodetectors included in the line radiation detectors.  6. A device for forming a touch surface according to claim 1, 2, or 3, or 4, characterized in that the photodiodes included in the line receivers of radiation are connected to a set of series-connected transimpedance amplifier, an amplifier with adjustable gain, a bandpass filter and a demodulator, and the outputs of which are connected to the input of the calculator, while at its first, second, third and fourth outputs, it alternately generates bursts of pulses with a filling frequency equal to the center frequency of the bandpass filters.

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