RU2567181C1 - System for very low-frequency and extremely low-frequency communication with deep-sunk and remote objects - 1 - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to very low-frequency (VLF) and extremely low-frequency (ELF) communication with deep-sunk and remote underwater objects. Disclosed system for very low-frequency and extremely low-frequency communication with deep-sunk and remote objects comprises a transmitting system, which consists of: a driving oscillator; a modulator; a control, protection and automation system; a power amplifier; a matching device; an antenna current indicator and a current source, wherein reception and detection of radiation generated by VLF-ELF generators is carried out using a trailing cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and a VLF-ELF receiver on-board the underwater object, characterised by that it further includes: N converters, N earthing devices for the antenna system, which is in the form of an extended straight line consisting of N sections, underground unshielded cable sections, an antenna system with a length l equal to several tens of hundreds of kilometres.

EFFECT: use of the disclosed device provides electromagnetic compatibility of the transmitting antenna with radio-electronic stations and engineering structures and ensures environmental safety of a VLF-ELF radio station.

3 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and radio engineering, in particular to the communication technology of the ELF-ELF range, and can be used for communication with deeply submerged and remote underwater objects.

A known method of seismic exploration (patent No. 2029318 RU G01V 1/09, 1995). This method of seismic exploration consists in exciting a probing signal and receiving multichannel reception of reflected and diffracted waves from an object, processing with the selection of waves in the directions of arrival, and displaying the results in the form of parameter sizes on the platform. The disadvantage of this method is that it uses approximate data interpolation, which in some cases leads to low reliability of sensing results.

A device is known "Method of electromagnetic sounding of the earth's crust using normalized field sources" (patent No. 2093863, RU G01V 3/12, 1997). This device contains two sinusoidal current generators, which are loaded on long, low-lying, horizontally oriented and grounded at the ends of the antenna, the registration of radiation generated by the microwave system is carried out using the measuring complex of the Joint Institute of Earth Physics (UIFZ) RAS type "Borok" . However, this installation does not provide information transfer with deeply loaded and remote underwater objects, since it does not have a receiving complex in its composition, and also does not have an adequate level of ELF-ELF signals at large distances from the source.

A device is known for a unified generator and measuring complex of ELF-ELF radiation for geophysical research (patent No. 2188439 RU dated 08.27.02 G01V 3/12). The complex consists of a master oscillator, N sinusoidal current generators loaded on long, low-lying horizontally oriented transmitting antennas with grounding conductors at the ends, and the radiation generated by the ELF-ELF generators is recorded using a measuring complex, while all N generators are connected to single master oscillator. The master oscillator is a single-phase bridge inverter made on powerful semiconductor controlled thyristor valves. The disadvantages of the device "Unified generator-measuring ..." - a well-known generator-measuring complex - are the low radiation level of the ELF-ELF signals and their registration at large distances from the source, so the rated active power when tested for active load is not more than 30 kW, and also low reliability of the complex in the conditions of induced noise (with deep suppression of harmonics of industrial frequency). In addition, due to the high requirements imposed by electromagnetic field theory on the propagation of radio signals in the oceans, it is necessary to have a special antenna, a low-noise antenna amplifier and an analog-to-digital receiver for communication with remote and deeply immersed objects.

, где π=3,14; f - частота электромагнитной волны, от 3 до 300 Гц; µ=4·π·10^-7, Гн/м; σ - проводимость морской воды от 1 до 4 См/м. Используя самые низкие частоты от 3 до 300 Гц (КНЧ и СНЧ) можно получить глубину подводного радиоприема больше 100 метров. Поэтому для связи с удаленными глубокопогруженными подводными объектами (подводные лодки, подводные аппараты, батискафы, подводные дома и т.п.) предложена система связи СНЧ-КНЧ-диапазона. Электромагнитные волны этого диапазона являются пригодными для решения указанной задачи вследствие их способности проникать в толщу морской воды на значительную глубину. Кроме того, по сравнению с электромагнитными волнами других диапазонов распространение СНЧ-КНЧ-сигналов в волноводе «земля-ионосфера» отличается высокой стабильностью даже при возникновении различных возмущений в ионосфере.A known communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range with deeply immersed and remote objects (patent No. 2350020 RU). The radio waves of most of the electromagnetic range do not penetrate into sea water. The penetration depth of electromagnetic energy is determined by the following formula: $$h=\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }$$

where π = 3.14; f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, from 3 to 300 Hz; µ = 4 · π · 10 ^-7 , GN / m; σ is the conductivity of sea water from 1 to 4 S / m. Using the lowest frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz (ELF and ELF), you can get the depth of the underwater radio more than 100 meters. Therefore, for communication with remote deep-submerged underwater objects (submarines, underwater vehicles, bathyscaphes, underwater houses, etc.), a communication system of the ELF-ELF range is proposed. Electromagnetic waves of this range are suitable for solving this problem due to their ability to penetrate into the thickness of sea water to a considerable depth. In addition, in comparison with electromagnetic waves of other ranges, the propagation of ELF-ELF signals in the ground-ionosphere waveguide is highly stable even when various disturbances arise in the ionosphere.

The prototype is a communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and distant objects (RU patent No. 2350020), which contains “n” sinusoidal current generators loaded on extended low-lying horizontally oriented transmitting antennas with grounding conductors at the ends, and the reception and registration of radiation generated VLF-ELF generators are carried out using a towed cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and a VLF-ELF receiver on board one object, while the master oscillator consists of a control, protection and automation system (SURZA), a thyristor rectifier, a first protection device, an autonomous voltage inverter, a second protection device, a matching device, a power device and two input switches, while the input switches are made of three-position and in series with three inputs connected to a thyristor rectifier, and on the connecting lines installed current sensors (DT) and voltage sensors (DN), which are connected to the systems control, regulation and automation, and the rectifier through a protection device with two outputs is connected to an autonomous inverter, which in turn is connected to a matching device through a protection device, while the matching device is connected to the antenna, and SURZA is connected to an external control station and a reducing rectifier, which by its input is connected to the third input of the high-voltage generator power supply device, and that in turn is connected by the first input to the input switch, and the second input with lower power supply units, while a towed cable antenna is installed on a deeply immersed and remote object, which is connected through an antenna amplifier to an ELF-ELF receiver.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- high power “n” generators of at least 100 kW;

- “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar grounding conductors (each low-lying antenna has two grounding conductors at the ends of the antenna), therefore, a large area of the earth's surface is affected by the reverse currents of the antenna and the placement of electronic means in this area is impossible;

- the electromagnetic field created by the "n" antenna devices affects all systems at considerable distances;

, при двух заземлителях, чтобы не было поверхностных токов замыкания, длина антенны должна превышать 20 км. А учитывая, что для создания заданного магнитного момента необходимо «n» антенных устройств с «2n» плоскостными заземлителями, общая площадь, пораженная мощными электромагнитными полями, недопустимо огромна даже для территории России.- the environmental risk of exceeding the ELF MPD standards (maximum permissible exposure standards for personnel serving the ELF station and residents of nearby areas, as well as plants, animals and the entire environment). For example, an antenna made in the form of power lines (power lines) is supplied with a voltage of 30 kV, and the height of the antenna’s suspension due to surface irregularities reaches 5 meters due to a sag. Therefore, the field strength along the antenna is determined to be Ε = (30 kV) / (5 m) = 6 kV. As can be seen, along the antenna, the field strength is 6 kV, which exceeds three times the norm of the remote control. Although the remote control standards recommend a stay of no more than 8 hours in areas where the field strength of the electric component reaches 2 kV. Moreover, the antenna length depends on the skin layer, for example, at a frequency of 3 Hz, the skin layer for σ = 10 ^-4 S / m will be equal to $$h=\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }=11259\cdot m\approx \mathrm{eleven}\cdot \mathrm{to}m$$

, with two ground electrodes, so that there are no surface fault currents, the antenna length should exceed 20 km. And given that in order to create a given magnetic moment, “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar ground electrodes are needed, the total area affected by powerful electromagnetic fields is unacceptably huge even for the territory of Russia.

Thus, the layout in a limited area of the antenna system, consisting of “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar ground electrodes with 100 kW generators connected to them, is dangerous for this region and solve the problem of electromagnetic compatibility with RES, power lines, cable lines, as well as the problem of environmental safety is not possible.

The aim of the invention is:

- reduction of the generator power level;

- creation of an ELF-ELF antenna that does not affect the electromagnetic environment of the antenna location area;

- to provide electromagnetic compatibility with electronic equipment, power lines and cable lines, as well as the creation of environmental safety for humans and the environment.

This goal is achieved through the use in the communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply submerged and remote objects of one low-power ELF-ELF generator, two grounding conductors, “n” amplifiers, “n” control system units for a transmitting antenna with a length of several tens of hundreds kilometers current in it, allowing to provide a given magnetic moment to ensure communication with deeply immersed and remote objects and not affecting electromagnetic compatibility with electronic means, power lines and cable lines, as well as the creation of environmental safety conditions for humans and the environment.

Indeed, the resonant frequency f _{0 of the} Earth’s spherical resonator — the ionosphere — is defined as the equator length of 40,000 km divided by the speed of light (3 · 10 ⁸ m / s) or f ₀ = (40,000,000 · m) / (3 · 10 ⁸ m / s) = 7 Hz. The Earth resonator - the ionosphere - resonates at a frequency of 7 Hz. Therefore, frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz can excite this resonator, provided that the excitation energy is sufficient. And an excited resonator has almost the same field strength anywhere in the world. In the prototype, the excitation is made by "n" generators with a capacity of 100 kW each, which create a current in the "n" frame antennas. The frame is formed by the antenna current in the form of a 30 kV power transmission line and the reverse current in the earth flowing between the ground electrodes. It is known that for the excitation of the resonator the magnetic moment of the antenna must be at least or M≥10 ⁸ [A · m ² ]. The magnetic moment of the loop antenna is determined

, $$M=\frac{I[A]\cdot \ell [m]\cdot h[m]}{\sqrt{2}}\ge {10}^8\cdot [A\cdot m^2]$$

,

(π=3,14; f - частота электромагнитной волны 3-300 Гц; µ=4·π·10^-7, Гн/м; σ - проводимость земли в районе размещения антенны выбирается от 10^-4 до 10^-5 См/м); l - длина антенны в метрах.where I _A is the current in the antenna in amperes; h - the depth of the current flow in the earth, is determined by the following formula: $$h=\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }$$

(π = 3.14; f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave 3-300 Hz; μ = 4 · π · 10 ^-7 , GN / m; σ is the conductivity of the earth in the region where the antenna is placed, it is selected from 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-5 S / m); l is the length of the antenna in meters.

The calculation shows that if the current is taken to be Ι _A = 1 ampere, the depth of the reverse current flow is taken to be equal to h = 10 km, then the antenna length should be about ℓ = 1000 km. Therefore, in order to exclude the influence of current on the radio electronic means (RES) surrounding the antenna, high-voltage power lines and cable lines, the antenna must have a small current, but a large length. For example, when using a frequency of 3 hertz, these objects have a great influence, given the large penetration depth through the shielding sheaths of cables and cases of electronic equipment.

Thus, the VLF-ELF antenna must have a large length to achieve a given magnetic moment and a low current to ensure its environmental safety during operation, as well as ensuring electromagnetic compatibility with RES, cable highways, high-voltage power lines and engineering structures.

In FIG. 1 shows the antenna of the communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range with deeply immersed and remote objects, where:

- 1 - a transmission system comprising: a master oscillator 1-1, a modulator 1-2, a control, protection and automation system 1-3, a power amplifier 1-4, a matching device 1-5, a current indicator of the antenna system 1-6, a source electrical energy 1-7 power transmission system 1;

- 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N - first, second, third, fourth, fifth, ..., and N converters;

- 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ , 3 ₄ , 3 ₅ , 3 ₆ , ..., 3 _N - first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, ..., and N ground electrodes;

- 4 - one of the N sections (any 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , 4 ₄ , 4 ₅ , ..., 4 _N ) of an antenna system of length ℓ included between 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N converters (as an insulated conductor no more than 20 km long, located in the ground at a depth of h _K or called an underground or underwater unshielded cable);

- ℓ - the length of the antenna system of the ELF-ELF, consisting of N sections 4 of the underground (underwater) unshielded cable;

;- h - the depth of the reverse current of the antenna $$(h=\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma })$$

;

- h _K - the depth of the underground (underwater) unshielded cable of the antenna system;

- I _A - current in the antenna (underground cable) and reverse current in the ground.

In FIG. 2 - one of the N converters (any 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N ):

- 4 - section of the antenna system (underground or underwater unshielded cable), any 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , 4 ₄ , 4 ₅ , ..., 4 _N ;

- 5 - a source of electrical energy;

- 6 - information transformer;

- 7 - power transformer;

- 8 - the first amplifier;

- 9 - integral chain;

- 10 - differential chain;

- 11 - the second amplifier;

- 12 - the third amplifier;

- 13 - clock generator;

- 14 - modulator;

- 15 - power amplifier;

- 16 - current transformer;

- 17 - power regulator at the input of the power amplifier 15;

- ток в N-1 секции антенны длиной 20 км;- $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}$$

- current in the N-1 section of the antenna 20 km long;

- ток в N секции антенны длиной 20 км;- $$I_A^N$$

- current in the N section of the antenna 20 km long;

- разность токов Ν-1 секции и N секции антенной системы.- $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N$$

- the difference of currents Ν-1 section and N sections of the antenna system.

от Ν-1 секции антенной системы в первой обмотке 1, с током $$I_A^N$$

от N секции антенной системы во второй обмотке 2 токового трансформатора 16, разностный ток $$(I_A^{N-1}-I_A^N)$$

от N-1 секции антенной системы и N секции антенной системы первой 1 и второй обмоток 2, возбуждаемый в третьей обмотке 3 токового трансформатора 16.In FIG. 3 current transformer 16 contains a three-winding transformer Tr. 1, with current $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}$$

from Ν-1 sections of the antenna system in the first winding 1, with current $$I_A^N$$

from the N section of the antenna system in the second winding 2 of the current transformer 16, the differential current $$(I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N)$$

from the N-1 section of the antenna system and the N section of the antenna system of the first 1 and second windings 2, excited in the third winding 3 of the current transformer 16.

The communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and distant objects, shown in FIG. 1, comprises a transmission system 1, consisting of: a master oscillator 1-1, a modulator 1-2, a control, protection and automation system 1-3, a power amplifier 1-4, a matching device 1-5, an antenna current indicator 1-6, current source 1-7; N converters 2 (for example, 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N ), N grounding antennas (for example, 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ , 3 ₄ , 3 ₅ , 3 ₆ , ..., 3 _N ), N pieces of underground unshielded cable 4 _N antenna system with a length of ℓ (the antenna system is an insulated conductor located in the ground, or an underground unshielded cable), while the first input of the transmitting system 1 is connected to the first input of the modulator 1-2 and the second input of modulator 1-2 is connected to the output of the master oscillator 1-1, the output of modulator 1-2 is connected to the first input of the power amplifier 1-4, the output of the control system, protection and automation 1-3 is connected in parallel with the second input of the power amplifier 1-4, with the input of the master oscillator 1-1 and with the second input of the matching device 1-5, the third input of the power amplifier 1-4 is connected to the first ground electrode of the antenna system 3 ₁ through the second input of the transmitting system 1, through the input of the antenna current indicator 1-6, the output of the power amplifier 1-4 is connected through the first input of the matching device 1-5, through the first output of the matching device with the output of the transmitting system 1, the second output of the matching device 1-5 is connected with the first in the control system, protection and automation 1-3, the second input of the control, protection and automation 1-3 is connected to the output of the antenna current indicator 1-6, the current source 1-7 is connected in parallel with the inputs of blocks 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5 of their power supply in the transmitting system 1; the output of the transmitting system 1 is connected through the first segment of the underground cable 4 _{1 of the} antenna system to the input of the first converter 2 ₁ , the first output of the first converter 2 _{1 is} connected using the second segment of the underground cable 4 _{2 of the} antenna system to the input of the second converter 2 ₂ , and the second output of the first converter 2 _{1 is} connected to the second ground electrode 3 _{2 of the} antenna system; the output of the second converter 2 _{2 is} connected through the third segment of the underground cable 4 _{3 of the} antenna system to the input of the third converter 2 ₃ , and the second output of the second converter 2 _{2 is} connected to the third ground electrode 3 _{3 of the} antenna system; the output of the third converter 2 _{3 is} connected through the fourth segment of the underground cable 4 _{4 of the} antenna system to the input of the fourth converter 2 ₄ , and the second output of the third converter 2 _{3 is} connected to the fourth ground electrode 3 _{4 of the} antenna system; the output of the fourth converter 2 _{4 is} connected through the fifth segment of the underground cable 4 _{5 of the} antenna system to the input of the fifth converter 2 ₅ , and the second output of the fourth converter 2 _{4 is} connected to the fifth ground electrode 3 _{5 of the} antenna system; the output of the fifth converter 2 _{5 is} connected through the sixth section of the underground cable 4 _{6 of the} antenna system to the input of the sixth converter 2 ₆ , and the second output of the fifth converter 2 _{5 is} connected to the sixth ground electrode 3 _{6 of the} antenna system; this ensures the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent pieces of cable in the antenna system; the output N-1 of the converter 2 _{N-1 is} connected through the N segment of the underground cable 4 _{N of the} antenna system to the input N of the converter 2 _N , and the second output N-1 of the converter 2 _{N is} connected to the N ground electrode 3 _{N of the} antenna system; the output of the converter 2 _{N is} connected to the N ground electrode 3 _N antenna system.

- ток в Ν-1 секции антенны системы длиной до 20 км; $$I_A^N$$

- ток в N секции антенны системы длиной до 20 км; $$I_A^{N-1}-I_A^N$$

- разность токов N-1 секции антенны и N секции антенны, при этом вход N-1 отрезка подземного кабеля 4 секции антенной системы соединен через первичную обмотку информационного трансформатора (Тр.И) 6 с первым входом токового трансформатора 16 и через первый выход токового трансформатора 16 со вторым выходом преобразователя 2_N, вторичная обмотка 2 информационного трансформатора (Тр.И) 6 соединена через первый усилитель 8 параллельно с входом интегральной цепочки 9 и с входом дифференциальной цепочки 10; выход дифференциальной цепочки соединен с первым входом усилителя мощности 15 через первый вентиль В.1, через второй усилитель 11, через генератор тактовых импульсов 13, через первый вход модулятора 14; выход интегрирующей цепочки 9 соединен через второй вентиль В.2, через третий усилитель 12 со вторым входом модулятора 14; второй выход токового трансформатора 16 через регулятор мощности 17 соединен со вторым входом усилителя мощности 15; выход усилителя мощности 15 соединен с первичной обмоткой 1 силового трансформатора (Тр.С) 7; вторичная обмотка 2 силового трансформатора (Тр.С) 7 соединена клеммой «а» со вторым входом токового трансформатора 16, а клеммой «в» через первый выход преобразователя 2_N с входом N отрезка подземного кабеля 4₂ секции антенной системы.One of the N converters 2 _N (any 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N ) in FIG. 2 contains: an underground cable 4 sections of the antenna system, a power supply source of 5 converter blocks 2 _N , an information transformer Tr. I 6, a power transformer Tr. C 7, a first amplifier 8, an integrated circuit 9, a second valve B.2, a differential circuit 10, the first valve B.1, the second amplifier 11, the third amplifier 12, the clock generator 13, the modulator 14, the power amplifier 15, the current transformer 16, the power regulator 17 at the input of the power amplifier 15, $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}$$

- current in Ν-1 section of the antenna of the system up to 20 km long; $$I_A^N$$

- current in the N section of the antenna of the system up to 20 km long; $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N$$

- the current difference N-1 section of the antenna and N section of the antenna, while the input N-1 of the segment of the underground cable 4 sections of the antenna system is connected through the primary winding of the information transformer (Tr. I) 6 with the first input of the current transformer 16 and through the first output of the current transformer 16 with the second output of the converter 2 _N , the secondary winding 2 of the information transformer (Tr. I) 6 is connected through the first amplifier 8 in parallel with the input of the integrated circuit 9 and with the input of the differential circuit 10; the differential circuit output is connected to the first input of the power amplifier 15 through the first valve B.1, through the second amplifier 11, through the clock generator 13, through the first input of the modulator 14; the output of the integrating chain 9 is connected through the second valve B.2, through the third amplifier 12 with the second input of the modulator 14; the second output of the current transformer 16 through the power regulator 17 is connected to the second input of the power amplifier 15; the output of the power amplifier 15 is connected to the primary winding 1 of the power transformer (Tr. C) 7; the secondary winding 2 of the power transformer (Tr. C) 7 is connected by terminal “a” to the second input of the current transformer 16, and terminal “b” through the first output of the converter 2 _N with the input N of the length of the underground cable 4 ₂ sections of the antenna system.

от N-1 секции подземного кабеля 4₁ антенной системы в первичной обмотке, втекаемым через первый вход на выход токового трансформатора 16 к заземлителю 3_N, с током $$I_A^N$$

в N секции подземного кабеля 4₂ антенной системы, протекаемым во второй обмотке 2 токового трансформатора 16, втекаемый через первый выход от заземлителя 3_N разностный ток $$I_A^{N-1}-I_A^N$$

от N-1 секции антенны и N секции антенны первой 3 и второй обмоток 2 возбуждается в третьей обмотке 3 токового трансформатора 16.In FIG. 3, the current transformer 16 contains a three-winding transformer Tr. 1, while the first input of the current transformer 16 through the first winding 1 of the three-winding transformer Tr.1 is connected to terminal “a”, the second input of the current transformer 16 through the secondary winding 2 of the three-winding transformer Tr.1 is connected to terminal “a”, the second output of the current transformer 16 through the third winding 3 of the three-winding transformer Tr. 1 is connected to terminal “a”, terminal “a” is connected to the first output of current transformer 16; with current $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}$$

from the N-1 section of the underground cable 4 _{1 of the} antenna system in the primary winding flowing through the first input to the output of the current transformer 16 to the ground electrode 3 _N , with current $$I_A^N$$

in the N section of the underground cable 4 _{2 of the} antenna system, flowing in the second winding 2 of the current transformer 16, the differential current flowing through the first output from the ground electrode 3 _N $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N$$

from the N-1 section of the antenna and the N section of the antenna of the first 3 and second windings 2 is excited in the third winding 3 of the current transformer 16.

The principle of operation of the communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects is as follows.

The communication system on the shore contains an antenna system (Fig. 1), which represents one underground long conductor длиной of length isolated from the earth, as a conductive medium. This extended conductor is divided into N sections connected in series with each other. Neighboring sections, of N sections, are interconnected via a 2 _N converter, of N converters in the antenna system, each of N converters is connected to its own ground electrode 3 _N of N grounding conductors. Transmitting system 1, consisting of a master oscillator 1-1, a modulator 1-2, a control, protection and automation system 1-3, a power amplifier 1-4, a matching device 1-5, an antenna current indicator 1-6, a current source 1- 7, it is intended to create a predetermined current in the antenna system corresponding to the desired value of the magnetic moment of the antenna at the radiation frequency. Moreover, the transmitting system 1 has a master oscillator 1-1, which is tuned depending on the transmission frequency, and a modulator 1-2, which receives the necessary information to modulate a given frequency of the master oscillator 1 at the first input of the transmitting system 1 and the second input of the modulator 1-2 -1 arriving at its first entrance. The modulated signal at the output of the modulator 1-2 is fed to the first input of the power amplifier 1-4, the latter provides a predetermined current at the output of the transmitting system 1 in the first section 4 of the antenna system, and the output parameters of the power amplifier 1-4 are matched with the first section 4 antenna system at the operating frequency through the first input of the matching device 1-5. Control parameters matching the current supplied to the first section 4 _{1 of the} antenna system is carried out in matching device 1-5, data on matching parameters, frequency and magnitude of current through matching device 1-5 are received at the first input to the control, protection and automation system 1- 3. At the same time, the current coming from the ground electrode 3 ₁ through the second input of the transmitting system 1 through the first output of the current indicator of the antenna system 1-6 to the third input of the power amplifier 1-4 is monitored, data on the current of the ground electrode 3 ₁ through the second output of the current indicator of the antenna system 1- 6 are fed to the second input of the control system, protection and automation 1-3. The current of the ground electrode 3 ₁ of the control, protection and automation system 1-3 controls the operation of the entire antenna system of its elements: converters 2 _N , ground electrodes 3 _N and N sections, sections of underground unshielded cable 4 _N : the accuracy of the antenna system “Communication systems ...” is determined »In terms of current, frequency and distortion of information. The adjustment of the transmitting system 1 is carried out through the output of the control, protection and automation system 1-3 for the master oscillator 1-1 through its input, for the power amplifier 1-4 through its second input and the matching device 1-5 through its second input.

Thus, the transmitting system 1 sets the parameters for the operation of the entire antenna system. So the parameters of the current in frequency, modulation and level, coming at the output of the transmitting system 1 and flowing through the first section 4 _{1 of the} cable of the antenna system, must be restored by each of the N converters. Therefore, the current flowing into the ground electrode 3 _N must be equal to the current of the first section 4 _{1 of the} underground cable. This is achieved by the operation of converters 2 _N , the principle of operation of the converters is identical and is represented by the block diagram in FIG. 2.

The reception and registration of radiation generated by the ELF-ELF antenna system is carried out using a towed cable antenna, antenna amplifier and receiver of the ELF-ELF range located on board the underwater object.

The current of the transmitting system 1, having passed the first section 4 _{1 of the} underground cable, is fed to the input of the first converter 2 ₁ (Fig. 2). From the first input of the converter 2 _{1, the} current flows through the primary winding 1 of the information transformer 6 and then through the first input of the current transformer 16 and the second output of the converter 2 _{1 is} supplied to the ground electrode 3 ₂ . Due to mutual induction, the current of the primary winding of the information transformer 6 in its secondary winding 2 induces an EMF corresponding to the current parameters in the primary winding 1. This EMF is amplified by the first amplifier 8 and enters in parallel to the integrated circuit 9 and the differential circuit 10. At the output of the integrated circuit, an envelope is extracted or the information component of the current of the transmitting system 1. This information component, after being limited to a single-period valve B.2 and amplified by a third amplifier 13, is fed to the second mode input 12, which provides modulation of the voltage of the clock pulse generator 13 arriving at the first input of the modulator 14. At the output of the differential circuit 10, pulses of the current carrier frequency created in the first section 4 _{1 of the} cable by the transmitting system 1 appear. The first valve B.1 leaves only a positive pulse on its output, which, after amplification by the second amplifier 11, enters to synchronize the clock generator 13, which ensures the recreation of the operating frequency of the master oscillator 1-1 of the transmission system 1. Further, established the operating frequency of the generator 13, after passing modulator 14 receives information component. The output signal of the modulator 14, corresponding to the signal of the transmitting system 1, is supplied to the power amplifier 15. The high voltage at the output of the power amplifier 15 creates sufficient current in the primary winding of the power transformer 7 to create the required current in the secondary winding for the second section 4 _of the antenna cable to work ₂ communication systems ... systems. The current of the second winding of the power transformer 7 is connected to the first output of the converter 2 _{1 by the} terminal “b”, and the first output of the converter is connected to the second section 4 _{2 of} the antenna system cable, generating current in section 4 ₂ . This current must be equal to the current excited in section 4 _{1 of the} cable by the transmitting system 1. To control the current in section 4 _{1 of the} cable, terminal “a” of the secondary winding of the power transformer is connected to the second input of current transformer 16, and the second output of this current transformer 16 is connected through a power regulator 17 to the second input of the power amplifier 15, which ensures the adjustment of the power level at the output of the power amplifier 15.

, а во второй обмотке протекает ток $$I_A^N$$

, возбужденный преобразователем 2₁ во второй секции 4₂ кабеля антенной системы. Оба тока в первичной и вторичной обмотках направлены встречно, этим компенсируется возбужденная в них взаимоиндукция. Если токи равны $$(I_A^{N-1}=I_A^N)$$

, то в третьей обмотки наведенная ЭДС равна нулю. А если токи в первичной и вторичной обмотках не равны $$(I_A^{N-1}\#I_A^N)$$

, то возникающая разность $$(I_A^{N-1}-I_A^N)$$

взаимоиндукций наводит ЭДС в третьей обмотке токового трансформатора 16 (фиг. 3). Эта ЭДС поступает на второй выход токового трансформатора 16 и через регулятор мощности 17 изменяет мощность усилителя мощности 15 в сторону уменьшения или в сторону увеличения (фиг. 2).The operation of the current transformer 16 is illustrated by the circuit of FIG. 3. The current transformer has three windings. A current excited by the transmission system 1 in the first section flows through the first winding 1 of the current transformer 16 $${\mathrm{four}}_{\mathrm{one}}-I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}$$

, and current flows in the second winding $$I_A^N$$

excited by the converter 2 ₁ in the second section 4 _{2 of the} cable of the antenna system. Both currents in the primary and secondary windings are directed in the opposite direction, this compensates for the mutual induction excited in them. If the currents are equal $$(I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}=I_A^N)$$

, then in the third winding the induced emf is zero. And if the currents in the primary and secondary windings are not equal $$(I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}\#I_A^N)$$

then the difference $$(I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N)$$

mutual induction induces EMF in the third winding of the current transformer 16 (Fig. 3). This EMF is supplied to the second output of the current transformer 16 and through the power regulator 17 changes the power of the power amplifier 15 in the direction of decreasing or increasing (Fig. 2).

Thus, the current does not flow through the earthing switch 3 ₂ in the operating state, since the currents of the primary and secondary windings in the current transformer 16 are always adjusted equal in amplitude but opposite in phase, therefore they compensate for the fields excited by each other. Therefore, grounding conductors should be cheap during construction. Therefore, all grounding conductors with the converters are not working and are necessary only for setting the required current in the antenna system. For operation, only the first 3 ₁ and the last 3 _N ground electrodes in the antenna system are used (Fig. 1).

The described operation of the converter 2 ₁ is typical for the remaining converters from 2 ₂ to 2 _N , so there is no need to repeat the description of their operating principle.

An earth-insulated cable can be used as a conductor for the antenna system. Calculations of the parameters of an insulated conductor of various cross sections are presented in the table below.

The table shows that with an underground cable section length of 25 km, the impedance is 280 Ohms at a current of 10 A, the voltage in the cable will be about 3000 V. At this voltage, the PDA cable works - underwater coaxial cable. If the production of a cable without a shield is laid down, then it can be used as sections in the antenna system of the considered “Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and distant objects - 1”.

, тогда подземный кабель, все его секции работают как единый не делимый кабель и, следовательно, разрядный ток между концевыми заземлителями 3₁ и 3_N будет протекать на глубине скин-слоя для проводимости земли размещения этих заземлителей. Так на частоте 3 Гц скин-слой для σ=10^-4·См/м, будет равен $$h=1/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }=11259\cdot м\approx 11\cdot км$$

для концевых заземлителей первого 3₁ и последнего 3_N. Глубина протекания обратного тока антенной системы будет 11 км.Thus, the current does not flow through the earthing switch 3 ₂ in the operating state, since the currents of the primary and secondary windings in the current transformer 16 are always adjusted equal in amplitude but opposite in phase, therefore they compensate for the fields excited by each other. Therefore, grounding conductors should be cheap during construction. Therefore, all grounding conductors with the converters are not working and are necessary only for setting the required current in the antenna system. For operation, only the first 3 ₁ and the last 3 _N grounding conductors in the antenna system are used (Fig. 1), and the currents along the entire length of the antenna system for each section of the underground cable must be rigidly equal $$(I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}=I_A^N)$$

, then the underground cable, all its sections work as a single indivisible cable and, therefore, the discharge current between the terminal ground electrodes 3 ₁ and 3 _N will flow at the depth of the skin layer for the conductivity of the ground for the placement of these ground electrodes. So at a frequency of 3 Hz, the skin layer for σ = 10 ^-4 · S / m will be equal to $$h=\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }=11259\cdot m\approx \mathrm{eleven}\cdot \mathrm{to}m$$

for end earthing switches of the first 3 ₁ and last 3 _N. The depth of the reverse current flow of the antenna system will be 11 km.

The authors are not aware of technical solutions from the field of radio communications containing features equivalent to the distinguishing features of the claimed device. The authors are not aware of technical solutions from other technical fields having the properties of the claimed technical object of the invention. Thus, the claimed technical solution, according to the authors, has the criterion of essential features.

Claims (3)

1. The communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and distant objects contains a transmitting system consisting of: a master oscillator; a modulator; control, protection and automation systems; power amplifier; matching device, current indicator of the antenna and current source, and the reception and registration of radiation generated by the ELF-ELF generators are carried out using a towed cable antenna, antenna amplifier and receiver of the ELF-ELF range, located on board the underwater object, characterized in that additionally introduced N converters, N ground conductors of the antenna system, made in the form of an extended straight line consisting of N sections, sections, underground unscreened cable, antenna system with a length l equal to n several tens of hundreds of kilometers, while the first input of the transmitting system is connected to the first input of the modulator, and the second input of the modulator is connected to the output of the master oscillator, the output of the modulator is connected to the first input of the power amplifier; the output of the control, protection and automation system is connected in parallel with the second input of the power amplifier, with the input of the master oscillator and with the second input of the matching device, the third input of the power amplifier is connected to the first ground electrode of the antenna system through the second input of the transmitting system, through the input of the antenna current indicator; the output of the power amplifier is connected through the first input of the matching device, through the first output of the matching device with the output of the transmitting system, the second output of the matching device is connected to the first input of the control, protection and automation system; the second input of the control, protection and automation system is connected to the output of the antenna current indicator, the current source is connected in parallel with the inputs of all units through the power circuits and their power supply in the transmitting system; the output of the transmitting system is connected through the first section, or section, of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the first converter, the first output of the first converter is connected using the second section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the second converter, and the second output of the first converter is connected to the second ground electrode of the antenna system; the output of the second converter is connected through the third section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the third converter, and the second output of the second converter is connected to the third ground electrode of the antenna system; the output of the third converter is connected through the fourth section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the fourth converter, and the second output of the third converter is connected to the fourth ground electrode of the antenna system; the output of the fourth converter is connected through the fifth section, or section, of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the fifth converter, and the second output of the fourth converter is connected to the fifth ground electrode of the antenna system; the output of the fifth converter is connected through the sixth section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the sixth converter, and the second output of the fifth converter is connected to the sixth ground electrode of the antenna system; in this way, the N converters are connected in series through N cable sections into an extended rectilinear antenna system with one earthing switch in each of the N converters; the output of the N-1 converter is connected through the N section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input N of the converter, and the second output of the N-1 converter is connected to the N ground electrode of the antenna system; the output of the N converter is connected to the N ground electrode system; Earth return current connects the N ground electrode to the first ground electrode of the antenna system. 2. The communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the N converters is identical and contains: a section of an underground cable with a length not exceeding 20 km in the antenna system, a source of electrical energy for each of the units via the converter power circuits, an information transformer, power transformer, first amplifier, integrated circuit (circuit), second valve B.2, differential circuit, first valve B.1, second amplifier, third amplifier, clock, modulator, power amplifier, current trans formatter, power regulator at the input of the power amplifier,

- current in the N-1 section of the antenna of the system up to 20 km long;

- current in the N section of the antenna of the system up to 20 km long;

- the current difference N-1 section of the antenna and N sections of the antenna, while the input of the N-1 section of the underground cable of the antenna system is connected through the primary winding of the information transformer to the first input of the current transformer and through the first output of the current transformer with the second output of the converter N, the secondary winding of the information a transformer is connected through the first amplifier in parallel with the input of the integrated circuit and with the input of the differential circuit; the differential circuit output is connected to the first input of the power amplifier through the first valve B.1, through the second amplifier, through the clock generator, through the first input of the modulator; the output of the integrating chain is connected through the second valve B.2, through the third amplifier with the second input of the modulator; the second output of the current transformer through the power regulator is connected to the second input of the power amplifier; the output of the power amplifier is connected to the primary winding of the power transformer; the secondary winding of the power transformer is connected through terminal “a” to the second input of the current transformer, and terminal “b” through the first output N of the converter with input N of the length of the underground cable section of the antenna system. 3. The communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the N current transformers contains a three-winding transformer, the first input of the current transformer through the first winding of the three-winding transformer connected to terminal "a", the second input of the current transformer through the secondary winding of the three-winding transformer connected with terminal "a", the second output of the current transformer through the third winding of the three-winding transformer is connected to terminal "a", terminal "a" is an "earth wire" that is connected to the first output m current transformer, earthing switch and earthed on its own for each transducer; current

from the N-1 section of the underground cable of the antenna system flows through the primary winding through the first input to the output of the current transformer to the ground electrode 3 _N , current

in the N section of the underground cable of the antenna system, the differential current flows through the second winding of the current transformer and flows through the first output from the ground electrode

from the N-1 section and the N section of the antenna of the first and second windings is excited in the third winding of the current transformer.

Images