RU2565314C2 - Subway station erection method (yurkevich(s method) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely to erection of subway stations in vertical soil openings with depth of more than 15 m and can also be used for erection of shallow buried underground structures of complex and special configuration. An erection method of a subway station is implemented in a vertical soil opening at several stages. At the first stage, advance erection of external walls and intermediate columns arranged in soil cavities is performed; at further stages, installation of a covering and roofing is performed with alternation of their installation with tier-by-tier soil development in the opening. In the covering and the roofing rectangular transverse and longitudinal openings in a plan view are made, which are congruent in a vertical plane to the soil opening; transverse openings with overall dimensions (A)×(B) are arranged above the roofing of the passenger platform; longitudinal openings with overall dimensions (Fa)×(Ea) in the covering, (Fa)×(Eb) and (Fb)×(Eb) in the roofing are arranged in the middle bay of the cross-section of the station in zones of immediate installation of escalator groups and on end faces of the station. At the last stage, erection of internal structures, installation of process equipment and structural rework of the openings is performed.

EFFECT: compensation of excess out-of-limit destructive loads for the period of fencing and reinforcement of the opening at use of a semi-closed construction method with minimisation of amount and burial and/or cross-section of pile parts of intermediate columns in soil cavities, and lower labour intensity and material consumption.

4 cl, 24 dwg

Description

1. The technical field

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of subway stations in vertical excavations with a depth of over 15 m, and can also be used for the construction of shallow underground structures of complex and special configuration.

2. The level of technology

The depth of the subway station is determined primarily by the depth of the distillation tunnels, which is dictated by geological factors, the existing level of penetration technology, such as the presence or absence of buildings and structures on the day surface above the subway line and other external influences taken into account. In this case, shallow laying is defined as laying a line at a depth at which the station is constructed in an open way, distillation tunnels in an open or closed way at a minimum permissible depth; and deep laying is defined as laying a line at a depth at which the station and distillation tunnels are constructed in a closed way [SNiP 32-02-2003- "Metropolitan", Updated version, Moscow: 2004, Appendix 2B, p.206-207].

It is known that a subway station with a shallow (up to 20 meters) underground location includes station, maintenance and special additional structures erected in an open way in a vertical ground excavation (foundation pit) with a full opening of the day surface, for example, by pre-excavating excavations with the subsequent construction of the structure using traditional methods ["Tunnels and Undergrounds". Volkov V.P., Naumov S.N., Pirozhkova A.N., Khrapov V.G., ed. 2nd rev. and add. Moscow, "Transport", 1975, pp. 408-412, 494-500, 502].

Such stations are constructed, as a rule, with a temporary fencing of the excavation (foundation pit) in the form of metal sheet piles, metal beams with wooden puffs or monolithic reinforced concrete walls constructed using the "wall in soil" method, temporary fastening of the enclosing walls is carried out with metal spacer or anchor support.

When a metro station is placed in a vertical ground excavation with a depth of more than 15 m, such a solution becomes technically irrational due to the high loads on the fence and temporary fastening of the mine and as a result of increased material consumption, cost and laboriousness of the construction of the fence and temporary fastening. The negative impact on the surrounding buildings also increases significantly due to its deformations during the construction of the station. As a result, it is required to carry out laborious reinforcement of foundations and supporting structures of nearby buildings or their demolition.

A common drawback of technical solutions for the construction of a shallow pit is that when placing a subway station in a vertical excavation with a depth of more than 30 m, such a solution cannot be implemented, in particular, due to the occurrence of excessive transcendental destructive loads on temporary fencing and securing the mine.

Known methods for the construction of a deep underground station (for example, a patent for utility model RU 126037, IPC E04H 14/00, 2012), characterized in particular by complex, time-consuming and costly design solutions.

There is also a known method of erecting a subway station (P. Yurkevich Method) (patent for invention RU 2505646 according to Application No. 20112112354/03 (018618), IPC E02D 29/055), adopted by the applicant as the closest analogue of the claimed technical solution, in which the construction of the metro station is carried out in a semi-closed manner in a vertical excavation with minimization of backfill, the station is built in several stages, while the external walls and intermediate columns in the excavation pits, which are installed pouring the coating - overlapping at ground level, performing its waterproofing and backfilling, then sequentially overlapping the walls and intermediate columns in the form of a permanent roof support with tiered excavation under the protection of the overlying tier of floors, installing a foundation slab with by the simultaneous arrangement of elements of nodal connections of structures and reinforcing elements, the lower parts of the external walls and intermediate columns under the base plate are jammed in the soil mass, in percent In the course of construction, external walls, intermediate columns, ceilings and internal walls are connected to each other.

The disadvantages of the solution are the need to arrange all the intermediate columns in soil excavations, the use of temporary installation openings, limited in number and size, in the ceilings, the need to use temporary ventilation and artificial lighting of the vertical excavation in the process of its tiered development, outstripping the backfill of the station cover, the complexity of issuing the developed soil to the surface and the supply of building materials for the construction of semi-closed structures erected. Advance backfill of the station before the tiered excavation in the excavation under the protection of intermediate floors significantly increases the load on the intermediate columns, which requires an increase in bearing capacity by means of a deeper penetration or an increase in the cross section of their pile parts. As a result of this, the possibilities for unified use of space are limited both for the installation of structures and for the installation of technological equipment, as well as the use of openings when driving adjacent distillation tunnels and during operation of the station, the cost, laboriousness and duration of construction increase.

3. The invention

3.1. Statement of the technical problem

The technical task is to ensure that the subway station is erected in a semi-closed manner in a vertical excavation with a depth of more than 15 m with a minimization of the number and depth of laying and / or cross-section of the pile parts of the intermediate columns erected in the excavation, with the exception or minimization of the use of temporary ventilation and artificial lighting of the vertical excavation in the process of its tiered development in order to reduce the complexity, duration and cost of construction.

3.2. The result of solving a technical problem

The technical result is that the proposed special system of placement of the structures of the openings used in the construction, and the sequence of erection of the supporting structures of the metro station provide compensation for excessive transcendent destructive loads on temporary fences and securing the workings when using the semi-closed construction method with minimizing the number and depth and / or transverse section of pile parts of intermediate columns in soil excavations, elimination or minimization of application temporary ventilation and artificial lighting of vertical production during its tiered development, reducing the complexity, duration and cost of construction, as well as the ability to use openings for optimal installation of structures, installation of technological equipment, to use when driving adjacent distillation tunnels and during operation.

List of drawings

Figure 1 presents a longitudinal section of a metro station being erected in a vertical mine; figure 2 - section "1-1" in figure 1 or a plan at the level of the cash registers of the subway station; figure 3 - section "2-2" in figure 1 or a plan in the level of technical premises of the subway station; figure 4 - section "3-3" in figure 1 or a plan at the level of the passenger platform of the subway station; figure 5 - section "4-4" in figure 1 in the zone of the lobby of the subway station with a group of escalators; in Fig.6 - section "5-5" in Fig.1 in the area of the passenger platform of the subway station; in Fig.7-24 - the technological sequence of the construction of the subway station; in Fig.7 - the first half of the metro station (longitudinal section) during the construction period in Stage 1 (excavation under the protection of the coating and the erection of the ceiling at the level of cash rooms); on Fig - section "6-6" in Fig.7 or a plan in the level of coverage of the metro station during the construction period in Stage 1; in Fig.9 - the second half of the subway station (longitudinal section) during the construction period in Stage 1; figure 10 - section "6-6" in figure 9 or a plan in the level of coverage of the subway station during the construction period in Stage 1; figure 11 is a section "4-4" in figure 7 in the lobby area of the subway station with a group of escalators during the construction period in Stage 1; in Fig.12 - section "5-5" in Fig.9 in the area of the passenger platform of the subway station during the construction period in Stage 1; in Fig.13 - the first half of the metro station (longitudinal section) during the construction period in Stage 2 (excavation under the protection of the coating and intermediate floors and the construction of the foundation slab); on Fig - section "7-7" in Fig.13 or a plan at the level of the technical underground of the metro station during the construction period in Stage 2; on Fig - the second half of the metro station (longitudinal section) during the construction period in Stage 2; in Fig.16 - section "7-7" in Fig.15 or a plan at the level of the technical underground of the metro station during the construction period in Stage 2; in Fig.17 - section "4-4" in Fig.13 in the lobby area of the subway station with a group of escalators during the construction phase in Stage 2; in Fig.18 - section "5-5" in Fig.15 in the area of the passenger platform of the subway station during the construction period in Stage 2; on Fig - the first half of the metro station (longitudinal section) during the construction phase 3 (elimination of temporary installation openings in the intermediate floors and coatings, the construction of internal load-bearing structures and moving through the station tunnel mechanized complex (TPMK) on the base plate); in Fig.20 is a section "3-3" in Fig.19 or a plan at the level of the passenger platform of the metro station during the construction period in Stage 3; in Fig.21 - the second half of the metro station (longitudinal section) during the construction period in Stage 3; in Fig.22 - section "3-3" in Fig.21 or a plan at the level of the passenger platform of the subway station during the construction period in Stage 3; in Fig.23 is a section "4-4" in Fig.21 in the lobby area of the subway station with a group of escalators during the construction period in Stage 3; on Fig - section "5-5" in Fig.21 in the area of the passenger platform of the subway station during the construction period in Stage 3;

where UGR is the level of the rail heads, the axis of the station is the center of the passenger platform along its longitudinal axis, 1 is the level of the cash rooms, 1a is the cash room of the lobby, 1c is the block of technical rooms of the metro station, 2 is the level of technical rooms, 3 is the level of the technical underground, 4 - the level of the passenger platform, 5 - a group of escalators, 6 - the outer wall, erected in the excavation method "wall in soil", 7 - monolithic reinforced concrete or metal submersible ("plunge column") intermediate column, erected in the excavation, 7a - monolithic reinforced concrete column erected inside transverse temporary mounting openings according to the “bottom-up” scheme after the construction of the foundation slab, 8 - coating, 9a - intermediate overlap (above the level of technical rooms), 9c - intermediate overlap (above the level of the technical underground), 9c - intermediate ceiling (above the level of the passenger platform), 10 - foundation plate, 11 - pressure walls of waterproofing, 12 - ceiling of the passenger platform. The axis of the path is the axial line passing in the middle of the railway rail track of metro trains, 13 - a lock chamber to ensure the safety of the passage of distillation tunnels using TPMK, 14a - temporary transverse mounting opening in the coating, 14c - temporary longitudinal mounting opening in the coating, 15a - temporary transverse mounting opening in the intermediate floor 9a (above the level of technical rooms), 15c - temporary longitudinal mounting opening in the intermediate floor 9a (above the level of technical rooms), 16a - temporary transverse mounting opening in the intermediate floor 9c (above the technical underground level), 16c - temporary longitudinal mounting hole in the intermediate floor 9c (above the technical underground), 17a - temporary transverse mounting opening in the intermediate floor 9c (above the level of the passenger platform), 17c - temporary longitudinal mounting opening in the intermediate floor 9c (above the level of the passenger platform), 18 - distillation tunnel, 19 - end reinforcement frame, 20 - TPMK while moving along the foundation plate; 21 - clip reinforcement of the intermediate column above the level of the base plate.

3.3. Features

A method of constructing a subway station in vertical soil excavation in several stages, including at the first stage advancing the construction of external walls and intermediate columns arranged in soil excavations, subsequent installation of coatings and ceilings on them with alternating installation with tiered excavation in production under the protection of overlying intermediate floors, differs from the known one in that in the coating (8) and floors (9a, 9c and 9b) during the construction period, cong uentnye openings with an option to use a unified, at the last step, the construction of the internal building structures, technological equipment with constructive processing openings.

Overall dimensions X and Y of the opening [G = (X × Y), most often rectangular in plan with dimensions X, m - the width of the opening; Y, m - the length of the opening] and the placement of congruent openings are a function of the width of the station in the light between the external walls (S, m), the width of the bridge in the cross section of the station in the coating (D) and the intermediate floors (D, m): G = F ( S, D, L).

Most often, openings are performed congruent vertically, rectangular or otherwise transverse and / or longitudinal in plan (Figs. 8, 10, 14, 16) with the possibility of unification for use in the construction of structures and installation of technological and station equipment, for use with tunneling of adjacent distillation tunnels and / or use during operation of the station; moreover, they are made congruent in the vertical direction, rectangular transverse and longitudinal in plan, transverse openings with overall dimensions mi (A) × (B) is placed above the passenger platform, the longitudinal openings with the overall dimensions (Fa) × (Ea) in the coating, (Pa) × (Ev) and (Fv) × (Ev) in the ceilings are placed in the middle span the cross section of the station in areas of direct installation of escalator groups and at the ends of the station,

where A = S-2D, m;

B = 2L-2C, m;

A is the length of the transverse opening, m;

S is the width of the station in the light between the external walls (6), performed in soil excavations using the "wall in soil" method, m;

- ширина перемычки в поперечном сечении станции в покрытии (8) и промежуточных перекрытиях (9а, 9в, 9с), где Sa - пролет колонн в поперечном сечении станции или расстояние между осью промежуточной колонны (7) и внешней стеной (6), м; $$D\ge \left(\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\mathrm{four}$}\right.÷\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$3$}\right.\right)\times Sa$$

- the width of the bridge in the cross section of the station in the coating (8) and the intermediate floors (9a, 9c, 9c), where Sa is the span of the columns in the cross section of the station or the distance between the axis of the intermediate column (7) and the outer wall (6), m;

B is the width of the transverse opening, m;

L is the step of the intermediate columns along the longitudinal axis of the station, m:

S = 2Sa + Sв, where Sв - average passage of columns in the cross section of the station in the axes of the columns, m;

Fa is the unified overall dimension of the longitudinal openings along the length in the coating (8) and intermediate ceilings (9a, 9c), which provides subsequent overlapping of the openings with the installation of foundations and installation of escalator groups (5), m;

Ea - the overall dimension of the longitudinal opening in width in the coating (8), equal to the distance in the light between the intermediate columns (7) without their reinforcement cages, taking into account the doubled value of the permissible deviation of the intermediate columns (7) from the vertical (plus 2 × 50 mm = 100 mm ) in the level of the foundation plate (10), m;

Fв - overall dimension of the longitudinal opening along the length in the intermediate overlap (9s) above the level of the passenger platform, providing subsequent overlapping of the opening with the installation of escalator groups (5), m;

Ev - the overall dimension of the longitudinal opening in width in the intermediate floors (9a, 9b, 9s), equal to the distance in the light between the internal enclosing walls of the escalator groups (5), m

It is possible, as an additional measure during the construction process, not to provide advanced waterproofing and backfill of the station cover (8) to minimize the loads transferred to the intermediate columns (7), which as a result allows to reduce the depth and / or cross section of the pile parts of the intermediate columns (7) )

One of the options for implementing the method is that the transverse openings (14a) in the coating (8) and similar openings (15a, 16a and 17a) in the intermediate floors (9a, 9b and 9c) are performed on the overlapping of the passenger platform (12) with overall dimensions, ensuring the passage (non-fulfillment) of every fourth intermediate column (7) in soil excavations from two rows of columns in the station cross section and the installation of jumpers in the coating (8) and intermediate ceilings (9a, 9c and 9c) with a width equal to one and a half step of the columns along the longitudinal station axis. Longitudinal openings (14c) in the coating (8) and similar openings (15c, 16c and 17c) in the intermediate ceilings (9a, 9c and 9c) are performed in the middle span of the station cross section in the areas of the direct installation of escalator groups (5) and at the ends of the station overall dimensions, providing unhindered construction of the walls enclosing these escalators, floors and foundations under them, as well as the installation of escalators. Intermediate columns (7a) falling into the zones of the transverse openings (14a, 15a, 16a and 17a) are erected inside the vertical excavation after the foundation slab (10) is constructed according to the “bottom-up” scheme and depending on the need to counteract the ascent of the station without or with anchoring in the underlying soil massif by means of their pile foundations.

If the width of the station in the cross section allows the tunneling mechanized complexes (for example, TPMK, 20) used to drive adjacent distillation tunnels (18) to be moved through the station along the foundation plate (10) without mounting and dismounting, then longitudinal (14c) and transverse ( 15c, 16c and 17c) the openings in the coating (8) and intermediate ceilings (9a, 9c and 9c), respectively, can be used when driving adjacent distillation tunnels (18) for issuing the developed soil to the surface and feeding tunnel segments (tubing) for installation bdelki.

The method of building a metro station, in contrast to the known one, simplifies the development of soil under the protection of floors and is not much different in its effectiveness from the development of soil in an open pit. At the same time, it is similar to the well-known semi-closed construction method in terms of ensuring the safety of construction and minimizing the impact of construction on surrounding buildings, structures and communications.

The metro station, implemented by the method, is arranged as follows.

The metro station (Figs. 1-6) is made with the placement of all the necessary technological and office premises and passenger areas in the total vertical output, instead of a significant backfill of which above the level of the passenger platform (4) are the levels of the technical underground (3), technical rooms ( 2) and cash rooms (1). The ticket halls of the vestibules (1a) are connected to the level of the passenger platform (4) by means of escalator groups (5). The block of technical premises (1c) is located at the level of cash rooms (1) between the cash rooms (1a).

The supporting structures of the subway station with this construction method include:

- external walls (6), performed in soil excavations by the "wall in soil" method (trench walls or walls made of bored piles), which are enclosing, bearing and antifiltration at the same time;

- monolithic reinforced concrete or metal submersible ("plunge columns") intermediate columns (7), performed in soil excavations - boreholes or slotted workings and reinforced inside the soil excavation above the foundation slab (10) with monolithic reinforced concrete. clips;

- monolithic reinforced concrete coating (8), combined with external walls (6) and intermediate columns (7);

- monolithic reinforced concrete intermediate ceilings (9a, 9c, 9c), temporarily supported by supporting consoles and / or sill during construction on external walls (6) and combined with intermediate columns (7) and pressure-tight walls of waterproofing (11);

- monolithic reinforced concrete foundation plate (10), combined with pressure walls of waterproofing (11) and intermediate columns (7);

- monolithic reinforced concrete columns (7a), erected inside transverse temporary mounting openings according to the “bottom-up” scheme after the construction of the foundation slab (10) and depending on the need to counteract the ascent of the station without or with anchoring in the underlying soil mass using their pile foundations;

- monolithic reinforced concrete clamping walls of waterproofing (11), combined with a covering plate (8) and intermediate slabs (9a, 9b, 9c) and a foundation plate (10);

- monolithic reinforced concrete, the overlapping of the passenger platform (12), supported by the supporting walls on the foundation plate (10).

At a high level of groundwater, external walls (6) and intermediate columns (7) with pile foundations, made in soil excavations and combined with a coating (8), intermediate ceilings (9a, 9v, 9c), pressure walls (11) of waterproofing and foundation the slab (10), serve as reliable structures anchoring in the soil mass, and effectively counteract the ascent of the station without the need for an additional increase in the dead weight of the structure or the device of its weight.

The metro station is being constructed as follows.

The metro station construction method refers to the semi-closed method (semi-top-down technology), allows safe construction in cramped conditions in the presence of deep pits, and combines the operation of supporting structures and the development of vertical excavation using temporary transverse and longitudinal mounting openings in coating and intermediate ceilings of a given size and position for the issuance of soil, the supply of building materials and equipment.

The method of constructing a subway station involves the installation of transverse vertically congruent generations of rectangular mounting openings (14a) in the coating (8) and similar mounting openings (15a, 16a, 17a) in the intermediate floors (9a, 9b, 9c) with overall dimensions A × B in plan above the ceiling of the passenger platform (12), longitudinal openings are performed with the overall dimensions (Fa) × (Ea) in the coating, (Fa) × (Ev) and (Fv) × (Ev) in the ceilings and placed in the middle passage of the station cross section in areas of direct installation of escalator groups and at the ends of the station.

The dimensions of the transverse temporary mounting openings (14a, 15a, 16a and 17a) in the coating (8) and intermediate floors (9a, 9b, 9c) are taken from the condition:

A = S-2D, B = 2L-2C,

where A is the length of the transverse opening;

S is the width of the station in the light between the external walls (6), performed in soil excavations using the "wall in soil" method;

- ширина перемычки в поперечном сечении станции в покрытии (8) и промежуточных перекрытиях (9а, 9в, 9с), где Sa - пролет колонн в поперечном сечении станции или расстояние между осью промежуточной колонны (7) и внешней стеной (6); $$D\ge \left(\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\mathrm{four}$}\right.÷\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$3$}\right.\right)\times Sa$$

- the width of the bridge in the cross section of the station in the coating (8) and intermediate floors (9a, 9b, 9c), where Sa is the span of the columns in the station cross section or the distance between the axis of the intermediate column (7) and the outer wall (6);

B is the width of the transverse opening;

L is the step of the intermediate columns along the longitudinal axis of the station;

C = ¼L is the distance between the axis of the intermediate column (7) and the edge of the temporary mounting opening (14a) in the coating (8) and similar openings (15a, 16a and 17a) in the intermediate floors (9a, 9b, 9c);

S = 2Sa + Sв, where Sв is the average span of the columns in the cross section of the station in the axes of the columns.

Intermediate columns (7) with pile foundations erected in soil excavations, inside transverse temporary mounting openings (14a, 15a, 16a, 17a) in the coating (8) and intermediate ceilings (9a, 9b, 9c) are not performed. In the case of high hydrostatic pressure on the foundation slab (10), pile foundations are made in order to further counter the ascent of the station at the base of the intermediate columns inside the transverse temporary mounting openings constructed according to the “bottom-up” scheme.

The dimensions of the longitudinal temporary mounting openings (14v, 15v, 16v and 17v) in the coating (8) and intermediate floors (9a, 9v, 9c) are accepted from the condition:

Fa is the unified overall dimension of the longitudinal openings along the length in the coating (8) and intermediate floors (9a, 9c), which provides subsequent overlapping of the openings with the installation of foundations and installation of escalator groups (5);

Ea - the overall dimension of the longitudinal opening in width in the coating (8), equal to the distance in the light between the intermediate columns (7) without their reinforcement cages, taking into account the doubled value of the permissible deviation of the intermediate columns (7) from the vertical (plus 2 × 50 mm = 100 mm ) in the level of the foundation plate (10);

Fв - overall dimension of the longitudinal opening along the length in the intermediate overlap (9s) above the level of the passenger platform, providing subsequent overlapping of the opening with the installation of escalator groups (5);

Ev - the overall dimension of the longitudinal opening in width in the intermediate floors (9a, 9b, 9c), equal to the distance in the light between the inner enclosing walls of the escalator groups (5).

The construction of a metro station begins with a planned cutting of the soil, performing from the surface that encloses the vertical development of the external walls using the wall-in-ground method (6) and intermediate drilling or submersible columns (7), performed in soil excavations.

Next, a coating (8) with temporary mounting openings (14a, 14c) is erected without waterproofing and backfilling with soil and restoring the surface and / or roadway. Under the protection of the coating (8), vertical excavation is developed alternately in tiers and intermediate floors (first 9a, then 9c and 9b) are erected with temporary mounting openings (15a, 17a, 16a and 15b, 17b, 16c). Also, in a top-down scheme, a waterproofing of the external walls (6) is carried out and pressure walls (11) of the waterproofing are erected. Then, waterproofing is carried out and the foundation plate (10) is built, then the passenger platform (12) is closed, supported by supporting walls, intermediate columns inside the transverse temporary mounting openings and reinforcement clips (21) of the intermediate columns (7) on the foundation plate (10).

At the final stage of construction, the internal load-bearing walls of the metro station, reinforcement cages (21) of intermediate columns (7), intermediate columns (7a) inside temporary installation openings are erected floor-to-floor according to the bottom-up scheme, temporary installation openings (15a, 17a, 16a are closed and 15c, 17c, 16c) in intermediate ceilings (first 9c, then 9c and 9a).

The method of construction of the subway station is shown in Fig.7-24 and is displayed in stages 1-3.

At stage 1 (Figs. 7-12), a temporary bypass road is equipped with the transfer of urban land transport and utilities from the construction zone, and planning cutting of the soil is performed. Then, a temporary working platform is arranged, external walls (6) and intermediate columns (7) are constructed in the soil excavations using the wall-in-ground method, lock chambers (13) are made to ensure the safety of the driving of the distillation tunnels using TPMK (20). Airlock chambers include external contouring walls constructed by the wall-in-ground method similar to the external walls (6) of the metro station, and an internal contour mass secured by spray grouting (using jet-grouting technology).

After disassembling the temporary working platform and deepening the open pit of the 1st tier with the help of inventory formwork based on its prepared soil base, a coating (8) with transverse (14a) and longitudinal (14c) temporary mounting openings is erected. Further, under his protection, the 2nd tier of the pit is developed and, in parallel, with the help of inventory formwork, based on its prepared soil base, an intermediate floor (9a) with similar transverse (15a) and longitudinal (15b) temporary mounting openings is erected. Temporary installation openings are used both for the delivery of soil developed in the vertical excavation (pit) to the surface (for loading into dump trucks and export to dumps), and for supplying reinforcement and concrete mix during the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete bricks. station designs. The same openings are used for natural ventilation and lighting vertical production during the construction process.

At stage 2 (Fig. 13-18), under the protection of the coating (8) and intermediate overlap (9a), the 3rd tier of the pit is developed and, in parallel, with the help of inventory formwork based on its prepared soil base, an intermediate overlap (9c) is constructed. Next, with a slight lag, an intermediate ceiling (9c) is erected using inventory formwork, based on the grips of the previously constructed ceiling (9c) with similar transverse (17a, 16a) and longitudinal (17c, 16c) temporary mounting openings. In parallel, the waterproofing of the external walls (6) and the erection of the pressure walls (11) of the waterproofing are carried out.

Further, under the protection of the coating (8) and intermediate floors (9a, 9c and 9c), the last 4th tier of the pit is developed and waterproofing is carried out in parallel and a foundation slab is built (10). As at the previous stage, temporary installation openings are used for delivery of the soil developed in the pit to the surface (for loading into dump trucks and export to dumps) and for supplying reinforcement and concrete mix during the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete bricks. station designs. The same openings are used for natural ventilation and lighting vertical production during the construction process.

At stage 3 (Figs. 19-24), the passenger platform (12) is erected, supported by supporting walls, intermediate columns inside the transverse temporary mounting openings and reinforcement clips (21) of the intermediate columns (7) on the foundation plate (10), end plates are made reinforcement frames (19) of the openings for input / output of TPMK (20), transverse (17a) and longitudinal (17c) temporary mounting openings in the intermediate overlap (9c) overlap.

Then, using TPMK (20), left distillation tunnels (18) adjacent to the metro station are constructed. At the same time, no tunnel lining is constructed in the station zone, and TPMK (20) moves from one end reinforcement frame (19) to another without dismantling and mounting along a concave bed in a previously erected foundation plate (10).

Then, using TPMK (20), in the same way to the left tunnels, right distillation tunnels (18) adjacent to the metro station are constructed. After the TPMK (20) moves along the foundation plate (10) and leaves the station to continue the construction of the right distillation tunnel (18), the walls are waterproofed and the pressure walls (11) for waterproofing are erected at the level of the passenger platform (4).

The construction of the metro station is completed according to the “bottom-up” scheme by the floor-by-floor construction of internal load-bearing walls and clips (21) of reinforcing the intermediate columns (7), as well as the floor-by-stage and stage-by-stage overlapping of the transverse (16a, 15a and 14a) and longitudinal (16b, 15b and 14c) temporary installation openings in intermediate ceilings (9c and 9a) and coating (8). At the same time, the sections of the ceilings inside the transverse temporary mounting openings are supported by intermediate columns (7a), also constructed according to the bottom-up scheme. Then, waterproofing and insulation of the coating, backfilling of the subway station with drainage soil, and landscaping are performed.

Claims (4)

1. The method of erecting a subway station is carried out in vertical soil excavation in several stages, including at the first stage advancing the construction of external walls and intermediate columns arranged in soil excavations, at subsequent stages installing coverings and ceilings with alternating their installation with tiered excavation in the excavation, characterized in that in the coating and ceilings perform rectangular transverse and longitudinal openings in terms of planes, vertical congruent soil excavation, transverse openings with with the overall dimensions (A) × (B) placed above the passenger platform, the longitudinal openings with the overall dimensions (Fa) × (Ea) in the coating, (Fa) × (EV) and (Fв) × (EV) in the ceilings are placed on average when crossing the station’s cross-section in areas of direct installation of escalator groups and at the ends of the station, at the last stage, the internal structures of the structure are erected, technological equipment is installed and structural openings are refined,
where A = S-2D is the length of the transverse opening, m,
B = 2L-2C - the width of the transverse opening, m,
S - the width of the station in the light between the external walls, performed in the excavation method "wall in the ground", m,
D≥ ^{(a _1/4} ÷ _^1/3) Sa - bridge width in the cross section in the coating station and of intermediate slabs, m,
Sa is the span of the columns in the cross section of the station or the distance between the axis of the intermediate column and the outer wall, m,
L is the step of the intermediate columns along the longitudinal axis of the station, m,
S = 2Sa + Sb, where Sb is the average span of the columns in the cross section of the station in the axes of the columns;
Fa - the unified overall dimension of the longitudinal openings along the length in the coating and intermediate floors, providing subsequent overlapping of the openings with the installation of foundations and installation of escalator groups, m,
Ea - the overall dimension of the longitudinal opening in width in the coating, equal to the distance in the light between the intermediate columns without their reinforcement cages, taking into account the doubled value of the permissible deviation of the intermediate columns from the vertical at the level of the base plate, m,
Fв - overall dimension of the longitudinal opening along the length in the intermediate ceiling above the level of the passenger platform, providing subsequent overlapping of the opening with the installation of escalator groups, m,
Ev - the overall dimension of the longitudinal opening in width in the intermediate floors, equal to the distance in the light between the internal enclosing walls of the escalator groups, m 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the transverse apertures in the coating and similar apertures in the intermediate ceilings are performed over the passenger platform overlap with overall dimensions that allow the passage of every fourth intermediate column in the ground recesses from two rows of columns in the station cross section and a jumper in the coating and intermediate ceilings with a width equal to one and a half step of the columns along the longitudinal axis of the station. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the longitudinal openings in the coating and similar openings in the ceilings are performed in the middle span of the station’s cross section in the areas of direct installation of escalator groups and at the station’s ends with overall dimensions that ensure the smooth construction of walls and ceilings enclosing these escalators and foundations under them, as well as the installation of escalators. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the intermediate columns falling into the zones of the transverse openings are erected inside the vertical excavation after the construction of the foundation slab according to the bottom-up scheme and depending on the need to counteract the ascent of the station without or with anchoring in the downstream soil mass through their pile foundations.

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