RU2564931C1 - Artillery shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapon and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: artillery shell contains the housing consisting of head, cylindrical and tail parts. On cylindrical part of the housing the bourrelets and the leading obturating device are formed. The leading obturating device is made of the housing material in the form of set of alternating circular ledges separated by circular grooves. The volume of each circular groove exceeds the volume of working part of circular ledges. Width of the leading obturating device by some value exceeds the tabular value of width of the leading obturating device. The increase of width of the leading obturating device is performed towards the head part of the artillery shell housing.

EFFECT: improving military effectiveness.

5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military equipment and can be used in the development of ammunition of artillery and small arms and their modernization.

Improving the combat effectiveness of artillery, provided by increasing the firing range, is largely limited by the strength of the leading protrusions formed on entering the cuts of the bore of the barrel bore on the lead belt (lead-obturating device) and the reliability of the fastening of the lead belt (lead-obturating device) on the shell of the projectile him gun barrel (lack of dismantling of the leading belt for the muzzle of the gun).

Known artillery shell containing a body with centering thickenings and a lead belt fixed in a groove on the body (see B. A. Prokhorov. Artillery ammunition. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1973, pp. 40 ÷ 42, Fig. 1.9). As a material for the leading belt, red copper is used. The increase in the power of long-range artillery required the question of the use of more durable materials for leading belts. In this regard, artillery shells appeared with leading belts made of nickel copper and more durable and cheaper soft iron (see G. M. Tretyakov. Ammunition of artillery. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1940, pp. 187-188). For artillery shells with copper and copper-nickel leading belts, the high cost of manufacturing the hull is characteristic because of the high cost of copper and copper-nickel alloys (from 300 rubles / kg). Artillery shells with ceramic-ceramic leading belts have short shelf life due to the occurrence of foci of corrosion along the grain boundaries of their material. An increase in the width of the leading belt for these shells leads to an increase in the reaction during cutting and to its dismantling behind the muzzle end of the gun’s barrel, and since the outer surface of such leading belts is often smooth, a significant amount of its material drifts to the trailing edge, which reduces range and affects the accuracy of fire. In this connection, for these types of artillery shells, depending on the caliber and type of guns, the material of the driving belt and the type of its fastening with the shell of the artillery shell, etc. there is an optimal (basic, tabular, standard) value of the width of the driving girdle, which is not recommended to be exceeded. A common structural drawback of artillery shells with these leading belts is the presence on the outer surface of their hull of a stress concentrator in the form of an annular groove deep relative to the wall thickness of the hull, which serves to attach them to the hull. As a rule, these grooves are located in the bottom-loaded part of the shell of the artillery shell, which inevitably leads to increased deformation of the middle surface of the shell in this part and, as a result, to an undesirable increased vibration of the shell when the artillery shell leaves the gun barrel due to quick removal of loads and the appearance of deformations and stresses that are opposite in sign. This increases the initial nutational vibrations of the artillery shell and its aerodynamic drag, which negatively affects the range and accuracy of fire. The presence of the leading belt, as a separate element of the shell of the artillery shell, and the operations associated with its manufacture and installation on the shell, increase the complexity of manufacturing the shell of the shell. There are also problems when performing operations to control the quality of mounting the belts on the shell of the shell and during the further disposal of artillery shells.

In cases where, under the conditions of ensuring permissible stresses, the width of the leading belt of the above-described design is more than 25–30 mm, then it is advisable to carry out two leading belts of tabular width on the shell of the artillery shell (see B. A. Prokhorov. Artillery ammunition. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1973, p. 100). However, the above-mentioned disadvantages are also characteristic of this design of an artillery shell.

Closest to the proposed artillery shell is the artillery shell for rifled weapons adopted for the prototype (see patent RU 2382325, IPC F42B 14/02, IPC F42B 30/08, 01/21/2008), containing a body, the cylindrical part of which performs the function of centering thickenings, and on which a leading-obturating device is made of the body material in the form of a set of annular protrusions (ridges) separated by annular grooves, the volume of each of this annular grooves is selected from the condition of free placement in them displaced during firing at the formation of the leading protrusions of the material of the working part of the annular protrusions, which ensures the absence of “fringe” in the zapoyaskoy (tail) part of the artillery shell, the depth of these annular grooves is less than the depth of the groove under the copper lead belt, as a result of which the body of this artillery shell in the leading-obturating device is obtained more durable, which contributes to less deformation of its median surface and, accordingly, less vibration when the artillery shell takes off behind the muzzle of the gun. The implementation of the lead-obturating device from the material of the shell of the artillery shell completely eliminated the problem of its dismantling behind the muzzle of the gun. To reduce the wear of the barrel channel and resistance to the movement of an artillery shell along the barrel channel, an antifriction coating can be applied to the surface of the annular protrusions of the lead-obturating device. The use of projectile-shell material (steel 20) as the lead-obturating device material increased the loading ability of the leading protrusions and, as a result, led to an increase in range and improved accuracy of fire.

However, the specified artillery shell also exhausted its capabilities to increase combat effectiveness (increase the firing range by increasing the pressure of the powder gases), since its lead-obturating device has a limited load capacity to perceive the force of the battle face of the rifling, due to the fact that its width corresponds to the width of the copper lead belt (the tabular width recommended for this artillery shell).

The problem (technical result), solved by the invention, is to increase the combat effectiveness of an artillery shell.

The problem is achieved in that in the proposed artillery shell containing a housing consisting of a head, cylindrical and tail parts, on the cylindrical part of which are formed centering thickenings and a leading-obturating device made of housing material in the form of a combination of alternating annular protrusions separated by annular grooves , the volume of each of this annular groove exceeds the volume of the working part of the annular protrusions, the width of the lead-obturating device by

,

,

where β is the angle between the generatrix of the outer profile of the enlarged part of the lead-obturating device and the longitudinal axis of the shell of the artillery shell;

d _TSU - the diameter of the centering thickenings of the shell of the artillery shell;

d _WU - the diameter of the leading-obturating device of an artillery shell;

exceeds the tabular value of the width of the leading-obturating device, and the width of the leading-obturating device is increased towards the head of the body of the proposed artillery shell, and the angle β between the generatrix of the outer profile of the enlarged part of the leading-obturating device and the longitudinal axis of the body of the proposed artillery shell is

β≥0.5α,

where α is the angle at the apex of the entry cone of the channel of the gun barrel.

The problem is also achieved by the fact that on the surface of the vertices of the annular protrusions of the lead-obturating device, alternating annular grooves or perforation recesses can be made.

The task is also achieved by the fact that an antifriction coating can be applied to the surface of the annular protrusions of the lead-obturating device.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the annular grooves located between the annular protrusions of the lead-obturating device can be filled with an antifriction compound.

The task is also achieved by the fact that alternating annular grooves or perforation recesses made on the surface of the vertices of the annular protrusions of the lead-obturating device can be filled with an antifriction compound.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows the proposed artillery shell; FIG. 1 view A is a fragment of the hull of the proposed artillery shell with a centering thickening and a wide lead-obturating device; in FIG. 2 - a fragment of the annular protrusion of the lead-obturating device with alternating annular grooves at the top; in FIG. 3 - a fragment of the annular protrusion of the lead-obturating device with alternating perforations in the apex; in FIG. 4 is a fragment of the body of the proposed artillery shell with centering thickenings and a wide leading-obturating device consisting of annular grooves separated by annular protrusions, the surface of which is coated with an antifriction coating; in FIG. 5 is a fragment of the body of the proposed artillery shell with centering thickenings and a wide leading-obturating device consisting of annular protrusions separated by annular grooves filled with antifriction composition; in FIG. 6 is a fragment of the annular protrusion of the lead-obturating device with alternating annular grooves at the top, which are filled with an antifriction compound; in FIG. 7 is a fragment of the body of the proposed artillery shell with centering thickenings and a wide leading-obturating device consisting of annular protrusions separated by annular grooves located in the barrel of the artillery gun.

The proposed artillery shell (Fig. 1) has a housing 1, which consists of a head 2, a cylindrical 3 and a tail (harness) 4 parts, on the cylindrical part 3, centering thickenings 5 with a diameter d _CU (projectile caliber) are formed (Fig. 1, view A) and a wide leading-obturating device 6 of width B ′, consisting of a set of annular protrusions 7 having a maximum size over the vertices 8 d of the _VU , separated by annular grooves 9, the annular protrusions 7 are made integrally with the housing 1 and from its material, the width B ′ of the leading obturating device 6 the value of _W exceeds the tabular value of the width of the lead-obturating device

B ′ = _H + _{H W} ,

the maximum value in _{W max}

,

,

where β is the angle between the generatrix 10 of the outer profile of the enlarged part _{H of the} lead-obturating device 6 passing through the right parts of the vertices 8 of the annular projections 7 and the longitudinal axis of the housing 1 of the proposed artillery shell (the drawing shows the angle between the generatrix 10 of the outer profile of the enlarged part of the lead -obturating device 6 and the generatrix of the cylindrical part 3 of the housing 1 of the proposed artillery shell, which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing);

an increase in the width of the lead-obturating device 6 by a value of _{H W is} made in the direction of the head part 2 (Fig. 1) of the housing 1; alternating annular grooves 11 may be formed on the surface of the peaks 8 (Fig. 2) of the annular protrusions 7; on the surface of the peaks 8 (Fig. 3) of the annular protrusions 7, alternating perforation recesses 12 can be formed; an antifriction coating 13 can be applied to the surface of the annular protrusions 7 (Fig. 4) of the lead-obturating device 6 located on the cylindrical part 3 of the housing 1 of the proposed artillery shell and separated by annular grooves 9; annular grooves 9 (Fig. 5) between the annular protrusions 7 of the lead-obturating device 6, located on the cylindrical part 3 of the housing 1 of the proposed artillery shell, can be filled with anti-friction composition 14; alternating annular grooves 11 (Fig. 6) formed on the surface of the peaks 8 of the annular protrusions 7 can be filled with an anti-friction composition 14; case 1 (Fig. 1) of the proposed artillery shell is placed in the channel of the barrel 15 of the gun (Fig. 7), centering bulges 5 located on its cylindrical part 3, rely on the field of the grooves 16 of the channel of the barrel 15, which have a diameter d _PN , tapered entry part 17 of the bore of the barrel 15 has an angle at apex 2α (½ of this angle is shown in the drawing), since the width B ′ of the driving-obturating device 6 is formed integrally with the housing 1 and from its material and consisting of annular protrusions 7 separated by annular grooves 9 , by the value of _{W W} superior um the tabular width B, as a result of which, for example, two annular protrusions 7 are larger in the enlarged dimension B ′ of the lead-obturating device 6 than in the dimension B of the lead-obturating device 6 of the tabular width, the annular protrusions 7 of the wide lead-obturating device 6 at the shot interacts with the battle face of the grooves 16 of the channel of the gun’s barrel 15 with a large number of supporting surfaces, for example, four that have contact areas S _в , S ₂ and S ₁ and which are limited by the size of the grooves along the field d _ПН , bottom d _ДН and forming the outer profile 10 of the enlarged part _{H of the} lead-obturating device 6, forming the outer profile 10 of the enlarged part _{H of the} lead-obturating device 6, passing through the right parts of the vertices, is always located below the generatric of the conical lead-in part 17 of the bore 15 (this is ensured by the fact that β≥0.5α), and, accordingly, between the right parts of the vertices 8 of the annular protrusions 7 of the enlarged part _{H of the} driving-obturating device 6 and the tapered surface of the inlet part 17 of the gun barrel 15 there is always a guaranteed clearance for Providing obturation of powder gases during firing, the diameter d of the _{VL of the} annular protrusions 7 exceeds the size of the grooves 16 of the barrel channel 15 along the bottom of d _DN (d _VL > d _DN ). The volume V _{K of the} annular grooves 9 of the lead-obturating device 6, located below the level of the rifling fields 16 (below the level d _PN ) of the barrel bore 15, exceeds the volume V _{B of the} material of the working part of the annular protrusions 7 of the leading-obturating device 6, located above the level of the fields of the rifling 16 (above the level d _PN ) (V _K > V _B ). Since the generatrix of the outer profile 10 of the enlarged part _{H of the} driving-obturating device 6, passing through the right parts of the vertices 8 of the annular protrusions 7, is located below the generatrix of the tapered lead-in part 17 of the bore 15, the body 1 of the proposed artillery shell is always located in the bore 15 a place of an artillery shell with a lead-obturating device of tabular width. Increasing the load capacity of the leading-obturating device 6 of the proposed artillery shell was carried out by increasing its width by _H in the direction of the head part 2 of the housing 1 (Fig. 1) and does not require changes in the design of its tail part 4.

When fired, the hull 1 (Fig. 1) of the proposed artillery shell, relying on the centering bulges 5 on the rifling field 16 (Fig. 7), begins to move along the bore 15 of the gun. When the lead-obturating device 6 passes the lead-in part 17 of the channel of the barrel 15 of the gun with an angle at the apex of 2α (½ of this angle is shown in the drawing), the conical slopes of the rifled fields 16, successively pressing into the annular protrusions 7, form leading protrusions on them with the shape corresponding to the cuts 16 barrel bore. The material of the working part of the annular protrusions 7 of volume V _B displaced by the rifling field 16 is freely placed without jamming in the corresponding place of the annular grooves 9 of volume V _K , and since V _K > V _B , then in the tail (harrow) part 4 (Fig. 1) of the housing 1 of the proposed artillery shell there is no "fringe", which is one of the necessary conditions for the departure of the artillery shell from the bore with minimal disturbances. The leading protrusions formed on the annular protrusions 7 of the lead-obturating device 6 of width B ′ interact with the supporting surfaces having contact areas S _B , S ₂ and S ₁ with the combat faces of the rifling 16 and give the body 1 of the proposed artillery shell rotational movement relative to its longitudinal axis. And since the contact area of the leading protrusions formed on the annular protrusions 7 of the lead-obturating device 6 of width B ′ with the battle faces of the grooves 16 of the channel of the gun barrel 15 is S ₂ and S ₁ exceeds the contact area of the leading protrusions formed on the leading-obturating device tabular width B, then, respectively, and the stresses arising in the leading protrusions of the wide leading-obturating device 6 from the efforts of the combat faces of the rifling will also be less. Providing the same level of tension in the leading protrusions of a wide lead-obturating device, it is possible to increase the pressure of powder gases, which will lead to an increase in the initial velocity and will increase the main indicator of the combat effectiveness of the proposed artillery shell - the firing range. By increasing the mass of the artillery shell and increasing the pressure of the powder gases while maintaining the same voltage level in the leading protrusions of the wide leading-obturating device and the same initial velocity, it is possible to increase the mass of explosive delivered to the target, which ensures an increase in the power of the artillery shell’s action on the target, which also increases combat effectiveness of the proposed artillery shell.

The creation on the surface of the peaks 8 of the annular protrusions 7 of the wide lead-obturating device 6 of the annular grooves 11 (Fig. 2) or the perforations of the recess 12 (Fig. 3), the application of the wide leading-obturating device 6 of the annular protrusions 7 of the antifriction coating 13 (Fig. 4), filling the annular grooves 9 of the wide lead-obturating device 6 with an antifriction compound 14 (Fig. 5) and filling the annular grooves 11 (Fig. 2) or perforation recesses 12 (Fig. 3) formed on the surface of the vertices 8 of the annular protrusions 7 wide on the lead-obturating device 6, the anti-friction composition 14 (Fig. 6) improves the entry of the wide lead-obturating device 6 into the grooves 16 of the channel of the gun barrel 15 (Fig. 7) (reduces the reaction when embedding), provides greater smoothness and less impact of this process and less resistance when conducting the proposed artillery shell along the bore 15 of the gun, which further provides him with a greater range and better accuracy of fire, i.e. helps to increase the combat effectiveness of the proposed artillery shell.

The increase in the width of the lead-obturating device 6, carried out in the direction of the head part 3 of the housing 1 of the proposed artillery shell by

and made in such a way that the angle β between the generatrix 10 of the outer profile of the enlarged part of the lead-obturating device 6 and the longitudinal axis of the housing 1 of the proposed artillery shell

β≥0.5α,

leads to an increase in the centering base of the housing 1 relative to the axis of the channel of the gun barrel 15 during insertion (Fig. 7) (for example, three annular protrusions 7 of the wide lead-obturating device 6 are in the conical lead-in part 17 of the channel of the gun barrel 15, and not one, as for the lead-obturating device of tabular width) and, accordingly, to increase the base of the lead of the hull 1 when moving along the bore 15 of the gun when firing from value B to value B ′ (the center of the lead-obturating device 6 moves closer to the center of mass of the proposal guided artillery shell), which leads to a decrease in the secondary reaction and ensures the departure of the proposed artillery shell from the barrel of 15 guns with less disturbance, guaranteeing it a greater range and better accuracy of fire, i.e. helps to increase the combat effectiveness of the proposed artillery shell.

Thus, the proposed artillery shell, in which the width of the leading-obturating device by

exceeds the tabular value of the width of the lead-obturating device, and this increase in the width of the lead-obturating device is carried out towards the head of the shell of the artillery shell, and the angle β between the generatrix of the outer profile of the enlarged part of the lead-obturating device and the longitudinal axis of the shell of the artillery shell is

β≥0.5α,

has increased combat effectiveness. The creation on the surface of the vertices of the annular protrusions of a wide lead-obturating device of annular grooves or perforations, the use of antifriction coatings and compositions also provides the proposed artillery shell with increased combat effectiveness.

Claims (5)

1. An artillery shell comprising a body consisting of a head, cylindrical and tail parts, on the cylindrical part of which centering thickenings and a lead-obturating device are formed, made of body material in the form of a combination of alternating annular protrusions separated by annular grooves, the volume of each of this annular groove exceeds the volume of the working part of the annular protrusions, characterized in that the width of the lead-obturating device by

,
where β is the angle between the generatrix of the outer profile of the enlarged part of the lead-obturating device and the longitudinal axis of the shell of the artillery shell;
d _TS - the diameter of the centering bulges of an artillery shell;
d _WU - the diameter of the leading-obturating device of an artillery shell,
exceeds the tabular value of the width of the lead-obturating device, and the increase in the width of the lead-obturating device is carried out towards the head of the shell of the artillery shell, and the angle β between the generatrix of the outer profile of the enlarged part of the lead-obturating device and the longitudinal axis of the shell of the artillery shell is
β≥0.5α,
where α is the angle at the apex of the entry cone of the channel of the gun barrel. 2. An artillery shell according to claim 1, characterized in that alternating annular grooves or perforations are made on the surface of the vertices of the annular protrusions of the lead-obturating device. 3. An artillery shell according to claim 1, characterized in that an antifriction coating is applied to the surface of the annular protrusions of the lead-obturating device. 4. An artillery shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular grooves located between the annular protrusions of the lead-obturating device are filled with an antifriction compound. 5. An artillery shell according to claim 2, characterized in that the alternating annular grooves or perforation recesses made on the surface of the vertices of the annular protrusions of the lead-obturating device are filled with an antifriction composition.

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