RU2564998C1 - Universal anti-icing composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: anti-icing composition contains, wt %: monoatomic alcohol 1.0-10.0; surfactant 0.10-0.30; corrosion inhibitor 0.5-1.0; if required, thickening agent to 4.0 and aqueous solution of carbonic acid salt with concentration of 15-60 formate and/or acetate of sodium or potassium on a dry basis up to 100. As monoatomic alcohol it contains at least one selected from the following row: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, separately or in a mixture at any ratio between each other.

EFFECT: reduced temperature of crystallisation start, increased melting capacity, expanded assortment of anti-icing compositions and areas of their use.

3 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of public utilities and the road service, in particular to liquid de-icing agents for eliminating and preventing ice formation and snowfall on roads, squares, bridges, tunnels, pedestrian walkways, courtyards, airfield coatings, for fighting and preventing ice formation (icicles) on roofs of houses, railway wagons, railway turnouts, etc., equipment with inclined surfaces, including for treating aircraft surfaces before take-off, and can also be used lzovatsya as a prophylactic against freezing, adhesion and dust formation of bulk materials.

The range of liquid anti-icing (anti-icing) products is very diverse, but not all drugs are safe for the environment.

Quality products for these areas of use must meet the following requirements: products applied to the road surface must not harm or corrode the road surface material, such as concrete; the corrosive effects of these agents on metals should be excluded; the product must be non-flammable and non-combustible; the composition of the product should be harmless to both animals and humans; it must satisfy the sanitary requirements of biological treatment; the product may not only enter sewage, but also into the soil, to which it should not cause harm; significant is the high melting ability of melting ice or snow; from an economic point of view - a decrease in the expense of the product and its cost.

The development of new anti-icing agents with the listed properties is an urgent task.

Known anti-icing liquid composition for melting ice and snow when applied to road surfaces, which contains, wt.%: Carboxylic acid salt: alkali metal acetate or a mixture of alkali metal acetates 25-60; a water-soluble compound of triazole, imidazole or a mixture of 0.01-1 and water up to 100; in addition, the composition may contain 0.01-0.5 wt.% sodium, potassium phosphate or a mixture thereof (RU 2017785 C1, 08/15/1994).

Known tool has high inhibitory properties against metal corrosion. The consumption rate for melting ice and / or snow is from 10 to 100 g / m ² , which corresponds to the practically required time for melting ice and / or snow.

The disadvantage of this product is the increased temperature of crystallization onset (not lower than minus 20 ° C), low melting ability, which limits its use.

Known anti-icing fluid for ground handling of aircraft, including, wt.%: Glycol 6-20, glycerol 1.5-3.0, corrosion inhibitor 1.3-4.1, surfactant surfactant 0.002-0.04, thickener (sulfocell, acrylic resin) 0.40-0.85, an aqueous solution of potassium acetate with a density of 1.12-1.3 g / cm ³ and a pH of 9-11 rest (RU 2221833 C1, 01.20.2004). As a corrosion inhibitor, the liquid contains salts of phosphoric acid, sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate, water glass, triethanolamine.

The main disadvantage of the known means is the presence of sodium nitrite in the composition, the complex composition of the corrosion inhibitor, a narrow area of use, as well as the high temperature of crystallization onset. Known environmentally friendly anti-icing fluid for ground handling of aircraft with a density at 20 ° C of 1.27-1.32 g / cm ³ and a boiling point of 119-124 ° C, including propylene glycol 50-300 g / kg, corrosion inhibitors 12.3- 41.1 g / kg (salts of phosphoric acid, sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate, water glass, benzotriazole, triethanolamine), glycerol 10-80 g / kg, surfactants (neonol, shampoo, etc.), an aqueous solution of potassium formate or a mixture of aqueous solutions of formate and potassium acetate (aqueous solutions of carboxylic acid) - the rest (RU 2475512 C2, 08/10/2012), thickener 0,0-12,0 g / kg (s Ulfocell, acrylic resin, etc.) if necessary. The main disadvantage of the known liquid is the narrow scope of its use, namely for ground handling of aircraft before takeoff. Low melting ability and high temperature of crystallization onset (minus 20-24 ° C).

The specified analogue in terms of features is the closest to the claimed composition.

Common features are the content of an aqueous solution of alkali metal salts of a carboxylic acid, namely, alkali metal acetates and / or formates, a surfactant, a surfactant, a corrosion inhibitor and, if necessary, a thickener.

The objective of the invention is to provide a universal anti-icing liquid composition, which can be used in the areas listed in the first part of the description of the "scope".

The technical result of the invention is the expansion of the range of anti-icing compositions, lowering the temperature of crystallization onset to a temperature below minus 60 ° C, increasing the melting ability, the temperature range of the application, increasing environmental safety and expanding the areas of use.

The technical result is achieved in that a universal anti-icing composition containing an aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid salt: acetate and / or alkali metal formate, a surfactant corrosion inhibitor and, if necessary, a thickener, according to the invention additionally contains a monohydric alcohol from the aliphatic series, in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Monohydroxy alcohol 1.0-10.0 Surfactant 0.10-0.30 Thickener 0-4.0 Corrosion inhibitor 0.5-1.0 An aqueous solution of acetate and / or formate alkali metal rest,

in this case, as a monohydric alcohol, it contains at least one selected from the series: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, separately or in a mixture in any ratio, and the aqueous salt solution contains 15- 60 wt.% Formate and / or sodium or potassium acetate, calculated on the dry matter. As a surfactant, thickener and corrosion inhibitor can be used numerous compounds from a number of known. In the claimed composition was used mainly: sulfanol (surfactant), sodium benzoate (inhibitor) and propylene glycol as a thickener. Sodium benzoate also inhibits the oxidation of fluid components.

For the preparation of liquids, components manufactured by both domestic and foreign manufacturers are used.

The temperature of the onset of crystallization of the liquid compositions was determined by the method described in GOST 28084-89. The fire hazard test was carried out according to the methodology described in GOST 27484-87. The floating ability was determined according to the methodology of the industry road methodological document “Test Method for De-icing Materials” of the Federal Road Agency (ROSAVTODOR).

The invention is confirmed by examples.

Example 1

The preparation of the composition is carried out by sequential mixing of the components.

50.0 wt.% Potassium formate are placed in a container with a stirrer, 5.0 wt.% Isopropyl alcohol is added, 0.1 wt.% Surfactant (sulfanol), 0.6 wt.% Sodium benzoate (corrosion inhibitor) are added, adjusted up to 100% by the addition of water (44.3 wt.%).

The resulting aqueous solution of the liquid composition is homogeneous, transparent, with a density at 20 ° C of 1.25 g / cm ³ . Crystallization onset temperature minus 62 ° C. The floating capacity of one gram of anti-icing composition is 24 grams of ice at minus 5 ° C. The corrosive effect on steel, aluminum and its alloys is 0.07 g / m ² hour. This composition was used to remove ice on concrete and asphalt concrete.

The table shows a number of other compositions of the claimed liquid, its properties and applications.

As shown by numerous tests, the claimed liquid with better known properties, MPC is higher than 10 mg / m ³ , which refers the liquid to the 4th hazard class, i.e. It is environmentally friendly to use. Through the use of salts of carboxylic acids and a minimum alcohol content of from 1.0 to 10.0 wt.% Significantly reduces the cost. The liquid retains its melting ability at temperatures below minus 60 ° C, which at times reduces the flow rate of the liquid when used compared to known analogues. The pH for the studied compounds is from 7.5 to 11, which meets the requirements for such liquids in regulatory documents.

When using n (normal) - propyl and n (normal) - butyl alcohols, the properties of the liquid also have high performance, but due to the limited production of these alcohols, the liquid with their content does not find sufficient use, while the cost of the product also slightly increases.

The number of examples provided does not limit the number of possible combinations of fluid components. A large number of experiments showed that a different combination of salts in combination with alcohol can create solutions that have the same output parameters or acquire qualitatively new ones.

The inventive liquid is not toxic to humans, animals, plants and water basins, is completely biodegradable in nature and is absorbed by vegetation. The liquid is also harmless to asphalt and concrete coatings, rubber products, mainly wheels of moving vehicles, has a high inhibitory ability with respect to iron, steel, aluminum, magnesium and copper structures. In addition, the composition showed satisfactory performance when processing the surfaces of railway cars, airfield concrete strips, when freezing bulk materials, removing icicles.

Thus, the proposed tool allows you to effectively use it at a temperature of minus 24-62 ° C, reduce fluid consumption when processing any surfaces, increase melting ability, expand the range of available compositions and areas of its use, which allows us to classify the proposed anti-icing composition as universal.

Claims (3)

1. A universal anti-icing composition containing an aqueous solution of an alkali metal carboxylic acid salt, a surfactant, a corrosion inhibitor and a thickening agent, characterized in that the composition further comprises a monohydric alcohol from the aliphatic series in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Monohydroxy alcohol 1.0-10.0 Surfactant 0.10-0.30 Corrosion inhibitor 0.5-1.0 Thickener 0-4.0 Aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid salt rest 2. The composition according to p. 1, characterized in that the aqueous salt solution contains 15-60 wt. % formate and / or sodium or potassium acetate, calculated on the dry matter. 3. The composition according to p. 1, characterized in that as a monohydric alcohol it contains at least one selected from the series: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, separately or in a mixture in any ratio between themselves.