RU2564315C1 - Method of solid fuel gasification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: method is characterised by use of a reaction chamber, which is filled with fuel at the initial stage. Fuel is ignited in the chamber, or previously ignited fuel is added. The chamber is made with tubular shape and arranged vertically or at the angle, limiting on top with a supply conveyor, by means of which fuel is supplied into the chamber. The conveyor is placed in a gas collection chamber in its upper part, which communicates with a gas discharge tube. At the bottom the reaction chambers are limited with a discharge conveyor, by means of which reaction products are removed. Reaction chambers are equipped with at least one hole.

EFFECT: continuity of operation, which makes it possible to ensure complete automation of a gasification process, expanded spectrum of used fuel types, modes of operation and produced products.

8 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for gasification of solid fuels and may find application in direct blast gasifiers by pyrolytic decomposition of solid carbon-containing fuels. Designed to produce combustible gas (synthesis of gas, generator gas, water gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide) and solid reaction products (coke, semi-coke, charcoal, smokeless fuels and sorbents).

The prior art METHOD FOR THERMAL PROCESSING OF SOLID ORGANIC WASTE AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION [patent of the Russian Federation No. 2393200], which describes the gasification process that occurs cyclically, while the installation that implements the method is equipped with a grate. The disadvantage of this method is that the gasification process is possible only in a periodic mode of operation, and also that the result of the work is to obtain only gas.

In the applications for the invention, the GASIFICATION REACTOR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CO- OR H2-CONTAINING UNCLEANED GAS [application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2012106881] and the GASIFICATION REACTOR WITH COOLING DOUBLE WALL [application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2012106884 at high temperatures for gas are described at organization of liquid slag removal. The disadvantage of the approaches is the limited range of products obtained (only in the liquid phase) and a decrease in the scope of gasifiers.

A DEVICE FOR GASIFICATION OF CARBON-CONTAINING FUELS, PROCESSING RESIDUES AND WASTE (OPTIONS) [RF patent No. 2193591], in which gasification agents are supplied to the reaction chamber through special nozzles in the presence of an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent at temperatures not exceeding the melting point, is also known 80 bar. The disadvantage of this device is that the agent is sprayed when it is in a very fine fraction, which in turn involves the use of additional processing equipment for grinding it. In addition, the approach to building a gasifier considered in the device has poor environmental indicators for environmental pollution.

The closest in technical essence analogue is the gasifier of the direct gasification process “NATI-AG” [Gas-generating cars, p. 43, FIG. 21, M. Mashgiz, 1955, 204 pp.], Which consists of a reaction chamber in the lower part, in which the grate is located.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

1) the presence of a grate, which can lead to slag formation and clogging, and as a result, the gasification process can be carried out only periodically;

2) the limited functionality of working on a certain type of fuel - anthracite, when working on coal, sintering of slag is most likely, as well as the ability to work only under vacuum and receive only gas as a result of work.

The purpose of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages inherent in analogues, and to obtain new properties.

The technical result ensures the continuous operation of the gasifier when using the method, which makes it possible to fully automate the gasification process, expanding the spectrum of the types of fuel used, operating modes and the resulting products.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of gasification of solid fuel, characterized by using at least one reaction chamber, which is initially filled with fuel, moreover, the fuel is ignited in the reaction chamber or pre-ignited fuel is laid, characterized in that the reaction chamber is tubular forms and are placed vertically or at an angle, limiting from above the feed conveyor, through which fuel is fed into the reaction chamber, and the transport itself arranged in the gas collecting chamber in its upper part, which communicates with the gas outlet tube, wherein the bottom of the reaction chamber define discharge conveyor through which the reaction products are removed, and the reaction chamber equipped with at least one opening.

In the reaction chamber place at least one belt of holes.

At least one belt of holes is placed in the reaction chamber, which are configured to partially overlap.

In the lower part of the reaction chamber, a pipe or a system of gas pipes is installed.

Gas pipes are connected to the holes or nozzles.

Gas pipes communicate with the receiver to which the compressor is connected.

Gas pipes communicate with the atmosphere.

As the feed and discharge conveyor, use a screw or scraper or belt conveyors or a screwing bar, a cable, washer, screw, bucket (any for the feed, and for the discharge any capable of working under load).

The discharge conveyor is located in the casing.

The novelty of the claimed solution is the use of feed and discharge conveyors, which exclude the use of a grate and provide the ability to fully automate the gasification process.

The implementation of the invention

The invention can be implemented on the following example of the construction of a solid fuel gasifier, which includes 3 vertical tube-shaped reaction chambers of circular cross section, which contain a belt of holes located in the lower part of the reaction chambers, made with the possibility of partial or complete overlap.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a solid fuel gasifier.

In FIG. 2 shows a solid fuel gasifier device.

The gasifier consists of three reaction chambers 1, which contain, through the belt, through holes 2 located at the bottom of the reaction chambers 1, with shutters 3. The reaction chambers 1 are bounded above by the feed conveyor 4 located in the gas collection chamber 5, which in the upper part communicates with the gas outlet tube 6. From below, the reaction chambers 1 are limited by a discharge conveyor 7, which is placed in a protective housing 8.

The holes 2 can be made in the form of nozzles, for example. Also, gas can be supplied not only through the nozzle, but, for example, through an ejector or lance, or pipe, confuser or nozzle.

The reaction chambers 1, the gas collection chamber 5 and the protective housing 8 are tightly connected to each other.

The gasifier works as follows.

At the initial stage, all reaction chambers 1 are filled with fuel, which enters through the feed conveyor 4.

From the bottom of the reaction chambers 1, the fuel rests on a discharge conveyor 7, for example, a screw conveyor. In the process, the solid conveyor will not be supplied to the discharge conveyor 7.

In the reaction chamber 1, the fuel is ignited using a special device or by self-ignition from the heated wall of the reaction chamber 1, or ignition from a pre-ignited portion of the fuel supplied to the reaction chamber 1. The combustion front is located inside the reaction chamber 1 above the belt of through holes 2. As advancement of the combustion front upward (relative to the fuel), the discharge conveyor 7 removes the products of the gasification reaction. Under the action of gravity, the fuel in the reaction chamber 1 is lowered down. The released volume in the upper part of the reaction chamber 1 is filled with fresh fuel by means of the feed conveyor 4. Thus, depending on the response frequency of the upper and lower conveyors, the position of the combustion front can be adjusted. Gas can be supplied to the reaction chambers 1 through the zones of the through holes 2 with excess pressure (relative to the pressure in the reaction chambers 1) or drawn in by the vacuum created in the reaction chambers 1. Gaseous reaction products seeping through the fuel layer react with the fuel, new gases are formed during the reaction which rise to the top when collecting in the gas collection chamber 5 and are discharged through the gas exhaust pipe 6.

By changing the settings of the combustion process by manipulating the shutters 3, changing the gas flow rate through the openings 2, and also changing the frequency and (or) the speed of the feed and discharge conveyors, you can move the combustion front up and down the reaction chamber 1, changing the reaction parameters and the generated products.

The location of the zone of gas injection into the reaction chambers 1 in most cases is not critical.

A positive technical effect from the use of the utility model is to ensure continuity of work, as well as stabilization of the parameters of the produced gas and associated product (coke, semi-coke, charcoal, sorbent), the possibility of obtaining various products on one installation, changing only the settings of the installation and fuel.

The gasifier does not have a grate, which eliminates local temperature increase and sintering of slag, and also eliminates the likelihood of product freezing.

Due to the mechanization of fuel supply and product removal, as well as changes in the flow rate of the reaction gas, the gasifier can work on different types of solid fuels (coal, wood, coke, anthracite, chopped straw, husk, etc.) and in different modes (full combustion mode - boiler mode, full gasification mode, partial gasification mode and intermediate modes).

The gasifier allows the use of various types of reaction gases for blasting - air, oxygen, including steam, as well as their mixtures, including with inert gases.

The reaction chambers 1 are able to work both under vacuum and under pressure, which makes it possible to work at various temperature conditions.

Work under pressure is possible, since the fuel and reaction products located in the mechanized parts fulfill the function of a plug.

The design features of the reaction chambers 1 and the gasifier make it possible to assemble batteries (cassettes) from them, united by a single fuel supply system and removal of reaction products.

This solution allows you to unify gasifiers of certain sizes and use the modular principle to build high-power gasifier blocks, as well as increase their reliability, ease of maintenance and repair.

The installation, created according to such principles in accordance with graphic materials, is simple in design and, thanks to a wide range of settings, is able to work in various modes to produce a wide range of deep processing products from a large number of types of solid fuel.

Claims (8)

1. The method of gasification of solid fuel, characterized by using at least one reaction chamber, which is initially filled with fuel, moreover, the fuel is ignited in the reaction chamber or pre-ignited fuel is laid, characterized in that the reaction chamber is tubular and placed vertically or under angle, limiting the feed conveyor from above, through which fuel is fed into the reaction chamber, and the conveyor itself is placed in the gas collection chamber in its upper part which communicates with the gas outlet pipe, the bottom of the reaction chambers being limited by a discharge conveyor, by means of which the reaction products are removed, while the reaction chambers are equipped with at least one opening. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one belt of holes is placed in the reaction chamber, which can be partially overlapped. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the reaction chamber install a pipe or system of gas pipes. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that gas tubes are connected to the nozzles or openings or nozzles. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the gas pipes communicate with the receiver to which the compressor is connected. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the gas pipes communicate with the atmosphere. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the feed and discharge conveyors use a screw, or scraper, or belt conveyor, or screwing strap, or cable. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge conveyor is located in the casing.

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