RU2564259C1 - Landing of vehicles and armoured machines to operations area - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: for landing of armoured vehicles to operations are, these are decked on landing craft and delivered to operations area. Large landing craft of Mistral type can accommodate up to twelve armoured vehicles, each being equipped with floating craft. Armoured vehicles equipped with floating craft and decked vehicle can board the landing craft from water and surface them independently via landing craft ramp. Armoured vehicle can move by water from landing craft to operations area and self defend against air attacks from enemy sips and coastal artillery fire. Boarding the vehicle and their surfacing are performed by their built-in drives over the pontoon tail that can turn downward.

EFFECT: accelerated performance and higher safety of landing operations.

8 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of delivery of cars and armored vehicles to the combat zone using large landing ships (BDK) and relates to a method of landing in the specified area with self-defense and safety of navigation.

There is a method of landing cars in the combat zone on landing ship docks, for example, of the Mistral type, having a docking chamber for accommodating landing boats and a cargo deck for placing cars. Cars are delivered from ship to shore using four CMT displacement tank landing boats or two LCAC air cushion landing boats placed in the docking chamber of the landing ship. The well-known scheme for loading cars onto landing ships-docks of the Mistral type and landing from ship to shore is of great complexity, duration and laboriousness. Cars can be loaded onto a landing ship of the Mistral type by self-propelled vehicles from the mooring walls, but this is possible where the depth at the walls is at least 6.5-7 meters. In other cases, cars are transported from shore to ship on landing boats (two cars per boat). For transportation and loading of cars onto the ship, landing boats leave the docking chamber. To exit (call) the boats from the docking chamber, it is necessary to flood the ship, for which it is necessary to take eleven thousand tons of ballast. After the boats exit, the ballast is removed, the ship pops up. Cars brought by boats can enter through the docking chamber in the cargo compartment of the ship. Upon completion of loading the cars, the boats should go into the docking chamber, for which the operation of the flooding (ascent) of the ship is repeated, after which the ship can go into the landing zone. In the landing zone, Mistral is again flooding, the boats go to the water, after the ship emerges, the cars can go to the docking chamber for loading onto the boats (see http://www.warships.ru and patent RU 2326786).

To transport ashore all Jeep vehicles (60 units) deployed on a Mistral landing ship, eight displacement boat trips or fifteen hovercraft trips are required. Taking into account that the landing of an assault from a ship onto the coast occupied by the enemy is most safe to carry out in an area not fired by long-range coastal artillery (30-35 km from the coast), the time required for displacement boats (with a maximum speed of ≈ 14 knots) for eight flights (taking into account the time spent on loading and unloading cars) will be at least 24 hours. Transportation of cars on boats that do not have self-defense will require constant protection from air targets, surface ships and coastal forces of the enemy, and the landing ship itself and from submarines. It should also be noted that landing boats have low seaworthiness, unsinkability is not provided, they do not have the ability to pass shallows, shallows. In addition, it is unclear what the first eight cars landed on shore should do: perform tasks, or expect the remaining fifty-two cars to land.

The task of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

The technical result that can be achieved with the implementation of the invention is to drastically reduce the landing time and increase the safety of the landing of all transported equipment and landing.

For landing by the proposed method, landing boats are not required, as a result of:

- there is no need to transport landing craft and reusable ship flooding to exit (call) boats from the docking chamber;

- the possibility of quick self-approach from the water to the ship of all landing equipment with cars and landing, as well as quick self-access to water is possible without stopping the ship;

- the possibility of safe self-passage to the coast with unlimited sea waves with the provision of reliable self-defense against air targets, surface ships and coastal forces of the enemy is provided

- provided unsinkability at full load and filling the body of the armored vehicle with water;

- the possibility of passage of shallows, shallows, non-stop ashore, as well as quick self-unloading, discharging of watercraft and readiness to complete the tasks with coordination of actions from the Mistral ship is provided.

To achieve the specified technical result, a method is proposed for landing armored vehicles loaded, including vehicles, in the combat zone, including loading armored vehicles on a landing ship, delivering armored vehicles by a landing ship to the coastal combat zone, unloading armored vehicles from a landing ship and delivering them to the battlefield action. According to the proposed method, up to twelve armored vehicles are placed on a large landing ship of the Mistral type, each of which is equipped with a craft giving the armored vehicles:

the ability to transport by water up to four cars weighing up to seven tons, located on the pontoons of the craft;

increased seaworthiness, ensuring safe navigation in case of any sea disturbance;

ensuring unsinkability at full load and flooding of the vehicle’s body with water, the possibility of self-approach of armored vehicles equipped with watercraft loaded with vehicles from water to the landing ship and self-propelled by water on the ramp of the landing ship;

the possibility of self-passage by water from the landing ship to the place of warfare with the provision of self-defense from air targets, surface ships and coastal forces of the enemy;

moreover, the loading of cars on the craft and their unloading is carried out by self-approaching the cars on the deck of the craft and their self-propelled from the deck along the fore end of the pontoon, made for these purposes turning down.

The boats are made with the possibility of providing armored vehicles with the possibility of passing shallows, shallows and access to the shore;

The dimensions of the watercraft are selected from the condition of placing four cars on the deck of the pontoons, providing access to the landing ship, optimal hydrodynamic capabilities, land patency, and also providing unsinkability at full load and flooding the body of armored vehicles with water.

To ensure the safety of cars entering the pontoons on the deck along the sides of the pontoons provide recesses for the passage of the wheels of the car.

A service module is placed on the deck of the craft.

Coordination and control of hostilities of armored vehicles equipped with watercraft is carried out from a landing ship.

To increase the protection of the landing ship in the parking lot and when driving at low speeds, a number of armored vehicles are used, equipped with anti-submarine-armed craft, which came out of the ship and, when the ship moves at high speeds, two armored vehicles that entered the ramp.

Amphibious armored vehicles of the BMP-3, SPTP 2S25 type, equipped with watercraft (hereinafter referred to as the Alligator) acquire new navigational capabilities, including: the ability to transport goods (carrying capacity up to 30 tons), navigation safety in any sea state with no sea sickness , unsinkability at full load and flooding the body of the armored vehicle with water.

In the proposed method of landing, “Alligators” are used with overall dimensions that enable the placement and transportation by water of up to four cars weighing up to 7 tons with the placement of two cars on the deck of each pontoon.

The dimensions of the proposed Alligator make it possible to place twelve Alligators on the Mistral BDK - eight in the cargo compartment and four in the docking chamber. In addition, four Alligators with dimensions of up to 5.6 meters in width (to protect the ship), as well as up to ten Alligators in the cargo compartment with a width of 4.2 meters, are located in the docking chamber.

As a result, it is possible to drop twenty-six armored vehicles of the BMP-3 and SPTP 2S25 type (including four for guarding the ship), forty-eight vehicles of the GA3-233014 (GA3-233034) type loaded on the Alligators, and also airborne assault forces for up to 1000 people ( taking into account the landing carried in cars and armored vehicles).

Of particular importance in the proposed method of landing is the ability of "Alligators" loaded with cars to carry out all operations of landing by self-propelled guns, namely:

- self-approach to the BDK type Mistral from the water;

- self-exit from the ship to the water of all “Alligators” simultaneously (one after another), possibly without stopping the ship, which makes it possible to unload at a closer distance from the coast, namely in the zone of the possibility of firing at coastal targets from a 125 mm caliber gun;

- self-transition from the ship to the shore of all "Alligators" at the same time as ensuring self-defense, with the possibility of passing shallows, shallows, uninterrupted access to the shore, quick self-unloading and dumping of watercraft.

As a result, the time required for the passage from ship to shore of 22 armored vehicles with the transport of 48 vehicles is approximately ten times less than the time required to transport 60 vehicles on four landing boats.

Of particular importance is the ability of the "Alligators" when crossing the coast occupied by the enemy to provide reliable self-defense against air targets, surface ships and coastal forces of the enemy, using the combat power of 22-26 armored vehicles (with cannons of 100-125 mm caliber), 48 vehicles and landing, transported by alligators.

Also of great importance is the possibility of passing shallows, shallows and non-stop access to the shore, as a result of which the landing of Alligators can be carried out in areas where the enemy does not expect.

Alligators ashore can be quickly unloaded. Cars, like loading, exit the deck of the pontoons along the inclined nasal extremities. The pontoons are reset by the driver by remote opening of the locks on the nose brackets, as a result of which the pontoons are instantly reset.

As a result, 22 armored vehicles, 48 vehicles and landing parties for up to 1000 people become ready to perform assigned tasks with coordination and control from the landing ship in the shortest possible time.

If it is necessary to transport and drop more cars, it is possible to transport up to twenty additional cars with placement in the cargo compartment instead of ten Alligators with dimensions of 4.2 m in width.

For landing, transportation of these cars from ship to shore, it is necessary for five “Alligators”, who went ashore and unloaded the cars without dumping watercraft, to return to the ship to load cars and transport them to shore.

If it is necessary to transport less than 48 cars, it is possible, instead of twelve Alligators loaded with cars, to transport, for example, seven Alligators with cars and five tanks equipped with watercraft (Alligator T-90), dimensions of Alligators in length and width are almost the same.

A series of armored vehicles equipped with waterborne vehicles that have left the ship for water provide increased protection for the landing ship in the parking lot and when driving at low speeds.

To give large landing ships of the Mistral type the ability to carry out various combat operations on the ship in the cargo compartment and in the docking chamber, they transport up to twenty-six armored vehicles of the SPTP-2S25 and BMP-3 types, equipped with the same watercraft with the ability to combat surface ships, submarines and air targets.

The method is illustrated by graphic material, where: in FIG. Figures 1 and 2 depict a 2C25 self-propelled anti-tank gun equipped with watercraft with the placement of four GA3-233014 vehicles on the pontoon deck (hereinafter referred to as the "Alligator SPTP", "Alligator BMP"); figure 3 shows the nasal rotary tip of the pontoon; in FIG. 4 - section A - A in FIG. 3; in FIG. 5 shows the placement of Alligators in the docking chamber of the landing ship; in FIG. 6 - placement of "Alligators" in the cargo compartment of the landing ship.

The method of landing "Alligators" loaded with cars in the coastal zone is as follows.

On the landing ship is loading "Alligators" 2 with cars 3 (Fig. 1, 2) self-propelled by a ramp from the water. A Mistral type landing ship can accommodate twelve SPTP-2S25 Alligators (BMP-3) loaded with four vehicles each, of which four are Alligators placed in the docking chamber (Fig. 5), eight Alligators are placed in the cargo compartment (Fig. 6). Four Alligators 4 with anti-submarine equipment, similar to Alligators according to RU 2424486, can also be placed in the docking chamber, and up to ten Alligators 5 with dimensions of 4.2 meters or 22 cars can be accommodated in the cargo compartment.

The craft contains two water-permeable side pontoons 6 and 7, the cavities of which are filled with a lightweight aggregate (for example, polyurethane foam with additives that reduce hygroscopicity and combustibility), which provides buoyancy and unsinkability. The nose tip 8 of the pontoon 6, 7 is rotatable downward with a hinge mount 9 on the bottom and a detachable mount 10 on the deck to enable self-entry (descent) of cars on the deck of the pontoon. For the safety of the passage of cars on the deck of the pontoons (on the sides) are made recesses (figure 4). The bottom of the pontoon is flat with a smooth transition to a wedge-shaped rise in the fore and aft ends. The outer side is rounded off.

Pontoons 6 and 7 are fixed on the armored vehicle 1 by means of the bow and stern mounts. An emergency nose mount is also provided. Between the stern extensions of the pontoons, the fodder inserts 11 are fixed to the body of the armored vehicle 1 on the sides of the pontoons 6, 7. On the deck of the stern inserts it is possible to install an easily removable service module 12. To install the module 12, holes (sockets) are inserted in the deck of the stern inserts, into which tubular supports are inserted module with a gap between the bottom of the module and the deck of feed inserts for the flow of water. The service module 12 provides for the placement of the instrument part and means of communication with the ship and the Alligators. On the roof of module 12, a collapsing mast is installed to accommodate lighting equipment.

When the landing ship enters the landing zone, the Alligators make their way out of the ship onto the ramp, possibly without stopping the ship. The Alligators that entered the water carry out independent movement into the combat zone using water-jet propulsion systems of the armored car. On the way of movement, “Alligators” provide reliable self-defense against air targets, surface ships and coastal forces of the enemy, using standard armament of armored vehicles and assault forces.

Of great interest is the possibility of using four "Alligators" transported in the docking chamber to protect the landing ship from air targets, surface ships, submarines and coastal forces of the enemy. To provide protection when the landing ship is stationary, as well as when moving at low speed (up to 8-10 knots), Alligators leave the ship for water. At speeds above 10 knots, it is possible to protect a Mistral-type ship with two Alligators (for example, SPTP) directly from the ship, for which they open the ramp of the docking camera and fix it in a horizontal position. "Alligators" partially exit the docking chamber to the ramp and can fire from standard weapons of the SPTP in the aft zone.

Undoubtedly, the proposed method of landing armored vehicles and vehicles in the combat zone has great advantages, including:

- an amphibious assault ship of the Mistral type will be able to carry cargo weighing 250 tons more than with the known method, due to the lack of amphibious assault boats;

- the docking chamber with an area of up to 900 m ² is freed; as a result, instead of sixty Jeep cars, four landing boats and 900 paratroopers, it is possible to transport twelve Alligators 2, forty eight cars 3 (loaded on Alligators 2), four Alligators 4, ten Alligators 5 and up thousands of paratroopers;

- the possibility of self-entry of "Alligators", including those unloaded by cars, was provided on the Mistral type BDK by ramp from the water;

- there is no need for long ship parking (at least 24 hours); instead of eight trips of landing boats, all Alligators can enter the water simultaneously one after another (with cargo and paratroopers) without stopping the ship. As a result, it is possible to unload the Alligators from the ship in a zone closer to the coast (the zone from which the Alligators can fire). The first Alligators 4 left can guard the landing ship from surface ships, submarines, air and coastal forces of the enemy until the release of the last Alligator;

- provided the possibility of self-transition "Alligators" to the coast, using water-jet propulsion armored vehicles;

- Reliable self-defense of the Alligators against air targets, surface ships and coastal forces of the enemy was ensured due to the standard armament of armored vehicles, vehicles and paratroopers, as well as weapons deployed on boats without cars. At the same time, it is hard to imagine that at sea someone could join the battle with the Alligator group, which included up to 22-26 Alligators with 100 mm, 125 mm caliber guns;

- the movement of the Alligator across the sea is safe: high seaworthiness ensures the Alligator safe navigation when sea waves are unlimited, provide unsinkability at full load and fill the body of the armored vehicle with water; the personnel are not susceptible to seasickness, pitching is practically absent;

- if the landing ship is likely to flood from received holes, the Alligators have the opportunity to leave the landing craft, while it is possible to save the paratroopers and crew members, and reducing the load on the ship when the Alligators leave with the cargo helps it stay afloat;

- the approach of the Alligators to the coast occupied by the enemy is much simpler and safer than the approach of landing boats. "Alligators" can overcome shallows, shallows, go ashore with a much larger wave, fire from all types of weapons. As a result, the approach to the coast can be carried out where the enemy does not expect;

- when “Alligators” go ashore, cars quickly leave the pontoons, boats are reset, locks are opened on the bow assemblies of the boats, remotely from the driver. As a result, the landing, ashore, consisting of 22 armored vehicles, 48 vehicles and thousands of paratroopers can perform assigned tasks with coordination and control from the leadership of the BDK.

Giving large landing ships a new way of landing armored vehicles, vehicles without the use of landing boats, ensuring self-access from water to the ship, self-access to the water when the ship moves, self-transition to the shore, occupied by the enemy, ensuring self-defense, safety of navigation in any sea state is of great importance for ship, because there is no need for long-term (more than 20 hours) parking for reloading troops on boats and transporting them to shore.

Particular attention should be given to giving large landing ships new combat and functional capabilities by using armored vehicles transported on the ship equipped with craft, for example, the Alligator SPTP-2S25, Alligator BMP-3, some of which are equipped with anti-submarine equipment.

The Mistral BDK can carry up to twenty-six Alligators, including eight in the dock. If necessary, four “Alligator” MSTR-S (152 mm self-propelled howitzer) can be transported in the docking chamber.

Possessing combat power, invulnerability, navigation safety with unlimited sea waves, unsinkability, the ability to exit the ship into the water without stopping the ship, the Alligators can quickly go to the water in the required quantity for various military operations in the ocean and sea zones, including fight against surface ships, submarines, anti-aircraft targets, as well as in the coastal zone, abundant in shallows and shallows, to fight the coastal forces of the enemy.

Coordination and control of hostilities is carried out from a landing ship. The effectiveness of combat operations conducted by Alligators can be improved by using attack helicopters transported to the BDK.

Claims (8)

1. The method of landing armored vehicles, including vehicles, in the combat zone, including loading armored vehicles on a landing ship, delivering armored vehicles by a landing ship to the coastal combat zone, unloading armored vehicles from a landing ship and delivering to the place of military operations,
Whereby
armored vehicles are placed on a large landing ship of the Mistral type, each of which is equipped with a watercraft giving the armored vehicles:
the possibility of transporting water vehicles with a total weight of up to seven tons, located on the pontoons of the craft;
increased seaworthiness, ensuring safe navigation in case of any sea disturbance;
ensuring unsinkability at full load and flooding of the machine body with water,
the possibility of self-propelled armored vehicles equipped with watercraft loaded with vehicles from the water to the landing craft and self-propelled by water on the ramp of the landing craft;
the possibility of self-passage by water from the landing ship to the place of warfare with the provision of self-defense from air targets, surface ships and coastal forces of the enemy;
moreover, the loading of cars on the craft and their unloading is carried out by self-approaching the cars on the deck of the craft and their self-propelled from the deck along the fore end of the pontoon, made for these purposes turning down. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the watercraft is made with the possibility of providing armored vehicles with the possibility of passage of shallows, shallows and landfalls. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the watercraft are selected from the condition of placing four cars on the deck of the pontoons, providing access to the landing ship, optimal hydrodynamic capabilities, land patency, as well as ensuring unsinkability at full load and flooding of the body of armored vehicles water. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to ensure the safety of cars entering the pontoons on the deck along the sides of the pontoons provide recesses for the passage of the wheels of the car. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the service module is placed on the deck of the craft. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coordination and control of the hostilities of armored vehicles equipped with watercraft is carried out from a landing ship. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to increase the protection of the landing ship in the parking lot and when driving at low speeds, a number of armored vehicles are used, equipped with anti-submarine weapons, which left the ship and, when the ship moves at high speeds, two armored vehicles that went to the ramp. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to give large landing ships of the Mistral type the ability to carry out various combat operations on the ship in the cargo compartment and in the docking chamber, up to twenty six armored vehicles of the SPTP-2S25 and BMP-3 type are equipped boats with the ability to combat surface ships, submarines and air targets.

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