RU2561805C1 - Reciprocating internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: motors and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: reciprocating internal combustion engine comprises a spark plug, a cylinder with a piston and a rotor in the housing. The rotor is kinematically connected with a crankshaft and periodically connects the cylinder cavity with the inlet and outlet ports of the combustion chamber. The rotor is made with the blades. The blades form with the surfaces of the housing and the rotor between them and the piston head the combustion chamber. The rotor is kinematically connected to the rollers. The rollers have recesses to pass the blades and divide the space between the housing and the rotor to annular chambers. One of the annular chambers communicates with the cylinder cavity. In the housing between the cylinder and the blade which holds the position in the housing at the approach of the piston to the upper dead centre, a pre-chamber is placed. The pre-chamber is placed behind the cylinder along the rotation of the rotor. The longitudinal axis of the pre-chamber is located perpendicular to the piston axis. The spark plug is placed in the pre-chamber.

EFFECT: reduction of harmful emissions to the atmosphere and increase in the engine operational characteristics.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, in particular to internal combustion engines (ICE) with prechamber ignition.

The prototype is a reciprocating internal combustion engine containing a spark plug, a cylinder with a combustion chamber and a piston, a rotor in the housing periodically connecting the cylinder cavity to the inlet and outlet openings of the combustion chamber [US 5111783 A, IPC F01L 7/10, 1992].

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- insufficiently effective and reliable ignition of the fuel mixture at low temperatures, associated with large heat dissipation by the volume of the fuel charge during its ignition;

- a relatively large emission of harmful substances with exhaust gases, due to insufficient complete combustion of the mixture.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere and improving performance.

The problem is solved in that in a reciprocating internal combustion engine containing a spark plug, a cylinder with a piston and a rotor in the housing kinematically connected to the crankshaft and periodically connecting the cylinder cavity to the inlet and outlet openings of the combustion chamber, the rotor is made with blades forming with the surfaces of the housing and a rotor between them and with the piston bottom, a combustion chamber, and the rotor is kinematically connected with rollers having cavities for the passage of the blades and dividing the space between the housing and the rotor into annular amers, of which one is in communication with the cylinder cavity, while a prechamber is placed in the housing between the cylinder and the blade, which occupies a position in the housing when the piston approaches TDC. The prechamber is placed behind the cylinder in the direction of rotation of the rotor. The longitudinal axis of the prechamber is perpendicular to the axis of the piston. The spark plug is located in the prechamber.

These distinctive features allow you to achieve the following advantages compared with the prototype.

The implementation of the rotor with blades forming a combustion chamber with the surfaces of the housing and the rotor between them and with the piston bottom, the rotor being kinematically connected to rollers having cavities for the passage of the blades and dividing the space between the housing and the rotor into annular chambers, one of which communicates with the cylinder cavity , allows you to replace the working fluid without a gas distribution mechanism, which simplifies the design and increases its reliability. In this case, the blades move the combustible mixture during its inlet and during combustion. This ensures its turbulization, improves the combustion process, which, in turn, increases efficiency and reduces the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere, ultimately increasing operational characteristics. Moving the blades of the combustible mixture toward the front of the flame during combustion increases the burning rate of the mixture. Firstly, a cold fresh mixture, advancing to a burning center with a high temperature, warms up faster, and the induction period (its ignition) decreases. Secondly, the moving mixture contributes to a better removal of combustion products from the flame front, due to which more complete combustion occurs. It also improves performance. In addition, it becomes possible to reverse the crankshaft, which also improves the performance of the internal combustion engine.

The placement of a pre-chamber in the housing between the cylinder and the blade of the combustion chamber makes it possible to reliably ignite the combustible mixture in any conditions, and after passing over the pre-chamber of the blade, behind which a rarefaction zone is created due to turbulence, the combustion products are effectively removed from the pre-chamber due to the pressure difference and its subsequent filling fresh combustible mixture, which subsequently reliably ignites. In addition, in a moving around the circumference behind the blade of the combustible mixture, particles of fuel move to the periphery due to centrifugal forces, as a result of which an enriched mixture forms at the surface of the body, which is better ignited and creates a higher temperature during combustion, improving the combustion conditions of a poorer mixture, located closer to the center of the rotor. The creation of favorable conditions for the combustion of the lean mixture makes it possible to operate the internal combustion engine with a large coefficient of excess air, which increases the efficiency, reduces the emission of harmful substances and improves performance.

Placing the prechamber behind the cylinder in the direction of rotation of the rotor facilitates the movement of the combustible mixture toward the combustion zone, which increases the burning rate of the mixture and, therefore, reduces the ignition timing, which increases efficiency and improves performance.

The location of the longitudinal axis of the prechamber perpendicular to the axis of the piston contributes to the ejection of burning fractions from the prechamber into the enriched part of the combustible mixture located at the surface of the housing, which improves the combustion process of the mixture.

The placement of the spark plug in the prechamber, firstly, improves the process of ignition of the mixture in the prechamber due to the concentration of heat in a small volume. Secondly, it provides cleaning of electrodes from carbon deposits due to high temperature, which increases operational characteristics.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the position of engine parts at the beginning of the removal of combustion products. In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the position of engine parts at the time the piston passes the top dead center. In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the position of engine parts at the time of completion of filling the combustion chamber and the cylinder cavity with a fresh mixture. In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the position of engine parts at the moment the mixture begins to burn.

The piston internal combustion engine comprises a cylindrical housing 1 with inlet 2 and exhaust 3 windows, in which a cylindrical rotor 4 with blades 5, kinematically connected with the crankshaft and with rollers 6 having cavities 7 for passing blades separating the space between the housing, is mounted for rotation and a rotor to the annular chambers 8 and 9, of which the latter is in communication with the cavity 10 of the cylinder, in which the piston 11 is connected with the crankshaft with the possibility of movement along the axis. A prechamber 12 with a spark plug 13 having an electrode 14 is installed in the housing between the cylinder and the blade. The engine operates as follows.

For the engine to operate in four-stroke mode (when using a rotor with three blades), the gear ratio from the crankshaft to the rotor should be 6, and from the rollers to the rotor - 1.5. After the end of the stroke of the piston 11 and the passage of the bottom dead center (BDC), the combustion products are removed from the chamber 9 and the cavity 10 of the cylinder through the exhaust window 3 (Fig. 1). The combustion products will be removed not only by means of the piston 11, but also with the help of the blade II of the rotor 4, which during movement (rotation) will move them towards the exhaust window 3. At the same time, a fresh combustible mixture moves through this blade through the inlet window 2. Most of the cross section of the cylinder cavity is connected to the exhaust window 3, so the bulk of the combustion products will go to the exhaust window 3, in addition, the entry of combustion products into the left (from the blade II) part of the chamber 9 is inhibited It is fresh mixture. However, it is impossible to exclude the possibility of partial ingress (mixing with the mixture) of a small amount of combustion products, as a result of which the effect of flue gas recirculation will take place.

When the piston passes the distance from the BDC to the top dead center (TDC), the crankshaft will rotate through an angle of 180 °, and rotor 4 - by 30 °. As a result of this, the blade II will occupy a vertical position, dividing the cross section of the cylinder cavity 10 into two equal parts (Fig. 2). The blade II will continue to displace combustion products into the exhaust window 3, while increasing the cross-sectional area of the cylinder cavity 10 in communication with the inlet window 2, and correspondingly reducing the part of the cavity section that is connected to the exhaust window 3. The piston 11 will move downward, carrying out intensive suction of the fresh mixture from the inlet window 2 into the cylinder cavity.

As the piston approaches the BDC, the blade III will begin to overlap the inlet window 2 and then disconnect it with the cavity 10 of the cylinder, and the blade II will disconnect the specified cavity with the exhaust window 3 (Fig. 3). The rarefaction zone II created behind the moving blade will contribute to a more complete removal of the combustion products from the prechamber 12 and its subsequent filling with a fresh mixture. After the piston passes through the BDC, the compression of the fresh mixture will begin.

By the time the piston approaches the TDC, the mixture will be compressed in the combustion chamber formed by the blades II, III, between the surfaces of the housing 1 and the rotor 4 (Fig. 4). The compressed mixture is ignited by means of a candle 13, by applying a high voltage to the electrode 14, as a result of which, in the chamber 12, the combustible mixture will ignite, forming a torch, igniting the rest of the mixture in the combustion chamber. The piston will make a working stroke. Since the gas pressure acts equally on both blades, it practically does not counteract the rotation of the rotor. After that, the engine cycle is repeated.

In the process of combustion, the blade III moves (pushes) the mixture to the prechamber — to the ignition source (to the flame front), as a result of which its combustion rate increases, and the mixture also becomes turbulized. After the blade I passes through the roller 6, it can be cooled, for example, by a stream of air washing its surfaces and the surface of the rotor 4. This eliminates the significant drawback inherent in rotor-blade engines, in which the blades experience a large thermal load.

The implementation of the invention will allow you to create a simplified design engine with a pre-ignition ignition that allows you to reliably ignite the combustible mixture in various engine operating modes.

Claims (4)

1. A piston internal combustion engine containing a spark plug, a cylinder with a piston and a rotor in the housing, kinematically connected with the crankshaft and periodically connecting the cylinder cavity with the inlet and outlet openings of the combustion chamber, characterized in that the rotor is made with blades forming with the surfaces of the housing and a rotor between them and with the piston bottom, a combustion chamber, and the rotor is kinematically connected with rollers having cavities for the passage of the blades and dividing the space between the housing and the rotor into annular chambers ry, one of which communicates with the cavity of the cylinder, wherein in the housing between the cylinder and a blade occupies a position in the housing when the piston approaches the top dead center, arranged prechamber. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the prechamber is placed behind the cylinder in the direction of rotation of the rotor. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the prechamber is perpendicular to the axis of the piston. 4. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the spark plug is placed in the prechamber.

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