RU2544117C1 - Method of engine shaft rotation reversal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: control system interconnects a shaft of a reversing starter with a crank shaft of an internal combustion engine (ICE) and rotates it towards the pre-set direction of rotation of ICE crank-shaft. At the compression stroke with the closed gas-distributing valves at the moment when over the piston the pressure of the compressed air or the fuel mix is increased to the value providing fuel combustion conditions, the system disconnects the reversive starter shaft with the ICE crank-shaft. Then the nozzle injects fuel into the combustion chamber and ignites fuel by a spark plug. At the same time the system sets the sequence of opening and closing of gas-distributing valves and operation of the fuel nozzle according to the pre-set direction of rotation of the crankshaft.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of engine control.

3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of power engineering.

BACKGROUND

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is patent 2403409 "Kapan-cutoff of the pneumatic drive of the gas distribution mechanism of the internal combustion engine." The pneumatic drive system of the gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine with a shut-off valve operates as follows. The piston of the internal combustion engine 1 (Fig. 1) compresses the working fluid — air or fuel mixture — in the combustion chamber 2 during a compression stroke. In this case, part of the working fluid from the combustion chamber 2 through pipeline 3 through the shutoff valve 4 and the check valve 5 enters air accumulator 6 and charges it. An internal combustion engine control system (not shown) monitors the current position of the internal combustion engine piston 1 and, at the time when it is necessary to open the gas control valve 7, sets the fluid flow control valve 8 to the position as shown in the figure. The working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 9 and 10 enters the upper piston cavity of the valve actuator 11, as a result of which the gas distribution valve 7, if it is inlet, allows air from the atmosphere to enter combustion chamber 2 through the channel 12 or, if it is exhaust, of combustion from the combustion chamber 2. To close the gas distribution valve 7, the control system sets the control valve of the fluid flow 8 to the lower position, and the working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 9 and 13 enters the lower cavity through shnya actuator and the gas control valve 7, and is locked. In both cases, the spent working fluid is discharged through the channels 10, 13, 14, 15 into the atmosphere, and in a gasoline engine, where the working fluid is a fuel mixture, for reasons of fuel economy it is fed into the air intake of the engine. With a working cycle (combustion and expansion of combustion products), the pressure in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 2 can reach tens of atmospheres, and the temperature can be hundreds or more degrees. But to ensure the operability of the pneumatic drive, the pressure of the working fluid is enough less. Limiting the pressure of the working fluid in the pneumatic accumulator 6 to the optimum value is ensured by the shut-off valve 4. If the pressure of the working fluid coming from the combustion chamber 2 is less than the optimum, it freely passes through the shut-off valve 4 into the pneumatic accumulator 6. When the pressure of the working fluid is above the optimum, the working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through the channel 16 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the shutoff valve 17. Under its influence, the piston of the shutoff valve 17 and the shut-off valve 18 connected to it move upward, and the channel 19 is closed, charging of the pneumatic accumulator 6 is stopped. The charge level of the pneumatic accumulator 6 by the working fluid is determined by the stiffness of the spring 20. The greater the stiffness of the spring, the higher the charge of the pneumatic accumulator 6.

The second closest analogue of the claimed invention is patent 2392482 "Valve shut-off pneumatic drive of the fuel nozzle of an internal combustion engine." The drive operates as follows. The piston of the internal combustion engine 1 (Fig. 2) compresses the working fluid in the combustion chamber 2 during a compression stroke. At the same time, part of it from the combustion chamber 2 through pipeline 3, through the shutoff valve 4 and the check valve 5 enters the pneumatic accumulator 6 and charges it. The control system monitors the current position of the internal combustion engine piston 1 and at the time when it is necessary to supply fuel to the combustion chamber 2, sets the spool 7 to the position as shown in figure 1. The working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 8 and 9 enters the upper cavity of the drive piston the plunger of the fuel nozzle 10, and he, and the plunger of the fuel nozzle 11 connected to it, are moving down. Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 2 through the check valve of the fuel injector 12. Then the control system transfers the slide valve 7 to the lower position and the working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 8 and 13 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the drive of the plunger of the fuel nozzle 10. The piston of the plunger drive of the fuel nozzle 10 and the plunger of the fuel nozzle 11 is moved to the upper position, and the fuel from the fuel tank (not shown) through the check valve of the fuel tank 14 is sucked into the cavity of the plunger of the fuel nozzle 11. In both cases, the working working fluid through channels 9, 15 and 13, 16 is emitted into the atmosphere or, if it is a fuel mixture, into the intake manifold. When the pressure of the working fluid in the pneumatic accumulator 6 exceeds the working level, the working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through the pipe 17 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the drive of the shut-off valve 18, as a result of which the shut-off valve 19 closes the channel 20 and the flow of the working fluid into the pneumatic accumulator 6 stops. The charge level of the pneumatic accumulator 6 by the working fluid is determined by the stiffness of the spring 21. The greater the stiffness of the spring, the higher the charge of the pneumatic accumulator 6.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the claimed invention is the creation of a mechanism for reversing the rotation of the engine crankshaft.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The method of reversing the rotation of the ICE crankshaft is based on the mechanism of the hydraulic drive of the gas distribution valve and the fuel injector with the working fluid charging a hydraulic accumulator common to all ICE cylinders due to the energy of the gases in the ICE cylinder.

The figure 3 presents a diagram of the hydraulic mechanism of the drive of the gas distribution valve and the drive of the fuel injector with a working fluid from the hydraulic accumulator common to all cylinders due to the energy of the gases in the engine cylinder. The hydraulic drive mechanism operates as follows. When starting the internal combustion engine at the compression stroke of air or the fuel mixture (combustion products at the operating cycle) with the internal combustion engine piston 1, the gases in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 2 (hereinafter referred to as the combustion chamber 2) press on the left end surface of the piston of the pump 3, as a result of which the piston of the pump 3 moves to the right (according to the figure) and the liquid located in the right end pump cavity of the pump piston 3 through the check valve of the hydraulic accumulator 4 enters the hydraulic accumulator 5 common to all ICE cylinders (hereinafter - the hydraulic accumulator). A full accumulator 5 is charged when the internal combustion engine is started in one or several cycles of compression of air or the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 2, and recharging is also performed at the expansion stroke of the combustion products. On the intake stroke of air into the combustion chamber 2, the air pressure in it decreases, the piston spring of the pump 6 moves the piston of the pump 3 to the left and the liquid from the compensation tank 7 through the check valve of the compensation tank 8 enters the right end pump cavity of the pump piston 3. As soon as the pressure in the accumulator 5 rises to a value that ensures the optimal functioning of the gas distribution valve and the fuel injector, the liquid from it through the pipeline 9 enters the lower piston cavity of the stopper mechanism 10, in as a result of which it moves upward, the stopper 11 enters the groove of the piston of the pump 3 and stops it. The flow of fluid into the accumulator 5 is stopped. The charging level of the hydraulic accumulator 5 is determined by the stiffness of the piston spring of the stopper mechanism 12. The higher the spring stiffness, the higher the hydraulic accumulator is charged 5. To open the gas distribution valve, the control system monitors the current position of the internal combustion engine 1 piston and sets the spool at the time it needs to be opened. control the fluid flow of the gas distribution valve 13 to the position as shown in figure 3. The fluid from the accumulator 5 through channels 14 and 15 enters the upper cavity gas distribution valve 16, connected to the gas distribution valve 17. Under its influence, the gas distribution valve 17 opens and, if it is inlet, allows air from the atmosphere to enter combustion chamber 2 through channel 18 or, if it is exhaust, to leak combustion products from combustion chamber 2 in atmosphere. To close the gas control valve 17, the control system sets the control valve of the fluid flow of the gas control valve 13 to the lower position, and the liquid from the accumulator 5 through the channels 14 and 19 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the gas control valve 16, and the gas control valve 17 closes. In both cases, the spent fluid is displaced through channels 15, 20 and 19, 21 into the compensation tank 7. To supply fuel to the combustion chamber, for example, the cylinder shown in the lower right part of the figure, the ICE control system monitors the current position of its piston. At the point in time when it is required to supply fuel to the combustion chamber with the plunger of the fuel injector 22, the control system sets the spool for controlling the liquid flow of the fuel injector 23 to the position shown in figure 3. The fluid from the accumulator 5 through channels 24 and 25 enters the upper cavity of the drive piston the nozzle of the fuel injector 26. Under the action of the incoming fluid, the piston of the drive of the fuel nozzle 26 moves down and the piston of the fuel nozzle 22 connected to it through the check valve of the piston of the fuel nozzle 27 pryskivaet dose fuel to the combustion chamber. To prepare the plunger of the fuel injector 22 for the next fuel injection, the control system sets the spool for controlling the fluid flow of the fuel injector 23 to the lower position, the liquid from the accumulator 5 through channels 24 and 28 enters the lower cavity of the piston drive of the plunger of the fuel injector 26, and the plunger of the fuel nozzle 22 moves up. In both cases, the spent fluid is displaced through the channels 25, 29 and 28, 30 into the compensation tank 7. At the same time, through the check valve of the fuel tank 31 from the fuel tank (not shown), the fuel is sucked into the cavity of the plunger of the fuel injector 22. Problems of preventing the removal of fluid by the rods of the drive pistons the gas valve 16, the fuel injector 26 and the piston of the pump 3 can be solved in various ways. For example, the diagram shows the bellows 32, 33, 34, eliminating the leakage of fluid from a fully isolated hydraulic drive system.

Reversing the rotation of the ICE crankshaft based on a reversing starter mechanism and a gas distribution valve and fuel injector drive mechanism with charging its hydraulic accumulator with working fluid, gas energy from the ICE cylinder is carried out as follows. The control system connects the reverse starter shaft with the ICE crankshaft and rotates it in the set direction of rotation of the ICE crankshaft. The control system on the compression stroke with the gas distribution valves closed at the time when the pressure of the compressed air or the fuel mixture above the piston increases to a value that provides the optimum level for the given conditions of fuel combustion, the control system disconnects the shaft of the reversing starter and the engine crankshaft, the nozzle injects fuel into the chamber combustion and ignites the fuel with a spark plug. At the same time, the control system establishes the sequence of opening and closing the gas distribution valves and the operation of the fuel injector in accordance with the specified direction of rotation of the crankshaft.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method of reversing an internal combustion engine with a reversible starter and a hydraulic mechanism for driving a gas distribution valve and a fuel injector with charging its hydraulic accumulator with a working fluid due to the energy of gases from a cylinder of an internal combustion engine containing a control system, a spool for controlling the fluid flow of a piston of a fuel injector drive, common to all cylinders of an internal engine engine combustion hydroaccumulator with its working fluid charging due to the energy of gases in the engine cylinder combustion valve, hydraulic accumulator check valve, fuel injector plunger drive piston, fuel injector plunger, fuel injector plunger check valve, spark plug, valve for controlling the working fluid flow of the exhaust gas distribution valve, non-return valve of the exhaust gas distribution valve of the hydraulic accumulator and exhaust valve valve, characterized in that when reversing the rotation of the crankshaft of the engine I internal combustion control system connects the shaft of the reversing starter mechanism with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, sets the direction of rotation of the shaft of the reversing starter mechanism in the corresponding direction of rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, rotates the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and at the compression stroke of air or fuel mixture in cylinder of the internal combustion engine with the piston of the internal combustion engine in the vicinity of the top the dead point is disconnected by the shaft of the irreversible starter mechanism with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and sets the spool for controlling the flow of the working fluid of the piston of the fuel injector to a position in which the working fluid from the hydraulic accumulator common to all cylinders of the internal combustion engine is charged with the working fluid due to the energy of the gases from the cylinder of the internal combustion engine through the check valve of the accumulator enters the cavity of the piston of the plunger drive of the fuel injector and, when the piston of the fuel injector plunger drive and the fuel injector plunger connected to it move, and through the check valve of the fuel injector plunger the fuel injector plunger injects fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and ignites it with the spark plug, and at the end of the product expansion process of combustion in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine with the piston of the internal combustion engine in the vicinity of the bottom dead center, sets the flow control valve the working fluid of the exhaust gas distribution valve to a position in which the liquid from the hydraulic accumulator common to all cylinders of the internal combustion engine with charging it with liquid due to the energy of the gases from the cylinder of the internal combustion engine through the check valve of the exhaust gas distribution valve of the hydraulic accumulator enters the piston cavity of the exhaust gas distribution valve drive, when you enter into which the piston of the drive of the exhaust gas control valve and connected to it the gas distribution valve moves and the exhaust gas valve opens, and after the exhaust combustion products are emitted into the atmosphere, the kinetic energy of the flywheel and the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine rotate the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the control system is subsequently driven by the timing valves and the fuel injector to charge them accumulator fluid due to the energy of the gases from the cylinder of the internal combustion engine provides t the timing of the timing valves and the fuel injector in accordance with the set direction of rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.

TECHNICAL APPLICABILITY OF THE INVENTION

Materials and technology for the implementation of the claimed invention do not go beyond the scope of modern capabilities. With the modern development of electronics, the creation of an engine control system is no more than a routine task, which is a separate task in the design of ICEs.

GRAPHIC MATERIAL

Figure 1. Diagram of a pneumatic drive of a gas distribution valve of an internal combustion engine with a shut-off valve.

1 - internal combustion engine piston; 2 - a combustion chamber; 3, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20 - pipelines and channels; 4 - shutoff valve; 5 - check valve; 6 - pneumatic accumulator; 7 - spool; 10 - piston drive the plunger nozzle; 11 - a nozzle plunger; 12 - nozzle check valve; 14 - check valve of the fuel tank; 18 - the piston of the drive shut-off valve; 19 - shutoff valve. 21 - spring shut-off valve.

Figure 2. Diagram of a pneumatic drive of a fuel nozzle of an internal combustion engine with a shut-off valve.

1 - internal combustion engine piston; 2 - a combustion chamber; 3, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20 - pipelines and channels; 4 - shutoff valve; 5 - check valve; 6 - pneumatic accumulator; 7 - spool; 10 - piston drive the plunger of the fuel injector; 11 - a plunger of a fuel nozzle; 12 - check valve of the fuel injector; 14 - check valve of the fuel tank; 18 - the piston of the drive shut-off valve; 19 - shutoff valve. 21 - spring shut-off valve.

Figure 3. Scheme of the mechanism of the hydraulic drive of the gas distribution valve and the fuel injector with liquid from a hydraulic accumulator common to all cylinders of the internal combustion engine due to the energy of the gases in the internal combustion engine cylinder.

1 - internal combustion engine piston; 2 - a combustion chamber; 3 - pump piston; 4 - check valve hydroaccumulator; 5 - a common accumulator for all cylinders; 6 - spring of the piston of the pump; 7 - compensation tank; 8 - check valve compensation tank; 9, 14, 15, 18, 19; 20, 21, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30 - channels and pipelines; 10 - piston of the stopper mechanism; 11 - stopper; 12 - piston spring of the stopper mechanism; 13 - valve piston fluid flow control valve; 16 - the piston of the valve timing; 17 - gas distribution valve; 22 - a plunger of a fuel atomizer; 23 -gold control fluid flow piston of the fuel injector drive; 26 - piston drive the plunger of the fuel injector; 27 - check valve of the plunger of the fuel injector; 31 - check valve of the fuel tank, 32, 33, 34 - bellows.

Claims (1)

A method for reversing an internal combustion engine with a reversible starter and a hydraulic mechanism for driving a gas distribution valve and a fuel injector with charging its hydraulic accumulator with a working fluid due to the energy of gases from a cylinder of an internal combustion engine containing a control system, a spool for controlling the fluid flow of the piston of a fuel injector drive, common to all cylinders of an internal engine engine combustion hydraulic accumulator with its working fluid charging due to the energy of gases in the engine cylinder internal combustion valve, hydraulic accumulator check valve, fuel injector plunger drive piston, fuel injector plunger, fuel injector plunger check valve, spark plug, valve for controlling the working fluid flow of the exhaust gas distribution valve, check valve of the exhaust gas distribution valve of the hydraulic accumulator, exhaust gas distribution valve and piston valve, characterized in that when reversing the rotation of the crankshaft For internal combustion, the control system connects the shaft of the reversing starter mechanism with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, sets the direction of rotation of the shaft of the reversing starter mechanism in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, rotates the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and, at the compression stroke of air or the fuel mixture, cylinder of an internal combustion engine with the piston of an internal combustion engine in the vicinity of dead center point disconnects the shaft of the non-reversible starter mechanism with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and sets the control valve for the flow of the working fluid of the piston of the fuel injector to a position in which the working fluid from the hydraulic accumulator common to all cylinders of the internal combustion engine is charged with the working fluid due to gas energy from cylinder of the internal combustion engine through the check valve of the accumulator enters the cavity of the piston of the plunger drive of the fuel force ki, upon receipt of which the piston for driving the fuel injector plunger and the fuel injector plunger connected to it move and through the check valve of the fuel injector plunger the fuel injector plunger injects fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and ignites it with the spark plug, and at the end of the expansion of the combustion products in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine with the piston of the internal combustion engine in the vicinity of the bottom dead center, sets the flow control valve m of the working fluid of the exhaust gas distribution valve to the position in which the liquid from the cylinder for the internal combustion engine common with all cylinders is charged with liquid due to the energy of the gases from the cylinder of the internal combustion engine through the check valve of the exhaust gas distribution valve of the hydraulic accumulator enters the piston cavity of the exhaust gas distribution valve drive when entering the exhaust piston of the exhaust valve and connected to it the starting gas distribution valve moves and the exhaust gas distribution valve opens, and after the exhaust combustion products are emitted into the atmosphere, the kinetic energy of the flywheel and the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine rotate the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the control system is subsequently driven by the timing valves and the fuel injector to charge them accumulator fluid due to the energy of gases from the cylinder of the internal combustion engine providing t tripping order gas distribution valve and a fuel injector in accordance with the predeterminable direction of rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.

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