RU2542554C1 - Fire suppression system of premises with increased gas medium pressure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: fire suppression system of premises with increased gas medium pressure, containing a firm sealed tank for storage and feeding of fresh water under pressure on the pipeline into the premises on the centrifugal sprayers, a high pressure air cylinder connected by the pipelines through the air reducer to the tank, the device of limiting the rate of pressure increase, the device of maintaining the differential pressure during decompression, and the control panel with alarm sensors. The air reducer over the membrane cavity is connected by the pipeline to the volume of the protected premises and creates a predetermined differential pressure between the sprayers and the premises, the centrifugal sprayers on the swirlers have spring-loaded movable cylinders, the regulating sections of tangential windows of swirlers, maintaining the required opening angle of the jet of atomised water, the device of maintaining the differential pressure during decompression by the pipelines is connected to the tank and the volume of the protected premises.

EFFECT: improvement of efficiency of the fire suppression system by increasing the intensity of supply of atomised water with an increase of pressure of gas medium during a fire.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, and in particular to fire extinguishing systems with atomized water in rooms with high pressure of a gas respiratory medium, in particular in diving pressure chambers.

Currently known water fire extinguishing system in a complex of diving pressure chambers of a rescue vessel [1].

Significant disadvantages of this system is its low fire extinguishing efficiency, characterized by a significant decrease in the flow rate and uniformity of irrigation of the protected combustible surface with a sharp increase in pressure in the room as a result of an increase in the temperature of the gas medium in case of fire. In addition, it is not possible to supply atomized water to personnel located in the pressure chamber, and there is no autonomous supply of working gas.

Also known is a fire extinguishing system in a pressure chamber, in which atomized water is used as a fire extinguishing agent [2].

The main disadvantages of this system is a significant decrease in the flow rate and uniformity of irrigation of the protected combustible surface with increasing pressure of the gaseous medium in the room during a fire, there is no autonomous supply of working gas.

In addition, it is not possible to maintain an acceptable physiological rate of pressure increase for a person equal to not more than 0.1 kgf / cm ² per minute, which can lead to decompression disease.

These shortcomings of the considered fire extinguishing systems reduce the capabilities and time of maintaining the vital functions of personnel located in the compartments of the pressure chamber.

The objective of the invention is to increase the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing system by increasing the intensity of the sprayed water supply with increasing pressure of the gas medium in case of fire due to the automatic increase in the pressure drop between the tank and the protected room with the system sprayers, as well as maintaining the specified irrigation uniformity of the protected surfaces.

This task is achieved by the fact that the upper supranembrane cavity of the reducer of the working gas supply system is connected by a pipeline to the internal volume of the protected room and when the pressure in it increases, the working pressure in the tank of the system automatically increases, and therefore, the pressure and flow rate of water from the spray guns increase. At the same time, with increasing pressure due to the movement of the cylinder in the atomizer, the area of the tangential windows of the swirler correspondingly decreases, which increases the rotational movement of the water flow, and consequently, the opening angle of the sprayed water jet increases, providing uniform irrigation of the protected surface. The permissible physiological rate of pressure increase is provided by the installation of a device on the enclosure that supports the rate of increase in pressure in the room.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a fire extinguishing system of a room with high pressure, and figure 2 is a General view of a centrifugal spray of water.

The system consists of a water tank 1, on the upper bottom of which a supply valve 2, a bleed and water intake valve 3, a safety valve 4 and a siphon tube 5 are installed. A siphon tube 5 is piped through a valve 6 with a remote actuator and a check valve 7 and a valve 8, installed in the room with high pressure 9 with the access hatch 10, connected to the nozzles 11 of the centrifugal type. The supply of working gas is stored in a high pressure cylinder 12 with a flywheel 13.

The cylinder 12 is connected by pipelines to the gearbox 14 and to the valve 2 of the tank 1. The upper supranembrane cavity of the gearbox 14 is connected by pipelines through the valve 15 to room 9 and to the pressure maintenance device 16. Fire alarm sensors 17 installed in room 9 are connected by cables to the remote control 18 , which by cable controls the valve 6 with a remote actuator.

The device for maintaining the rate of increase in pressure in the room 9 consists of two cylinders, a small 19 and a large 20, mounted on the housing of the room 9 and connected by a pipe 21. A spring-loaded floating valve 22 is installed in the small cylinder 19, restricting the flow of compressed gas. In a large cylinder 20 having an exhaust pipe, a check valve 23 with a piston 24 is installed.

The pressure maintenance device 16, the housing of which has an outlet pipe, comprises a spring-loaded shut-off valve 25 with a piston 26.

Figure 2 shows a centrifugal atomizer of water, consisting of a housing 1 with a calibrated outlet. Inside the housing 1, a swirler 2 with three tangential windows 3 and a rubber sealing ring 4, a cylinder 5 with a spring 6 is mounted on the thread. From the end, the housing 1 is closed by a cover 7 with a fitting.

The fire extinguishing system operates as follows.

When preparing the fire extinguishing system, fresh water is poured into the tank 1, and the cylinder 12 is filled with high-pressure air, the valves 3, 6 and 7 are checked for closing, the valves 2, 8, 15 are opened. After opening the flywheel 13, the set working pressure is established on cylinder 12 by the pressure reducer 14 in tank 1.

With a normal nominal increase in the pressure of the gaseous medium in the room 9 through the valve 15, the pressure in the pipeline rises accordingly in the supranembrane cavity of the gearbox 14, which automatically provides air supply from the cylinder 12 to the tank 1 and increases the working pressure in it to a predetermined pressure drop between the tank 1 and room 9.

In the event of a fire in the room 9, the temperature rises, and therefore, the pressure of the gas medium increases, the value of which depends on the burning rate and the size of the fire. With increasing pressure in the room 9, the pressure in the supranembrane cavity of the gearbox 14 increases, which automatically increases the working pressure in the tank 1 to a predetermined pressure difference between the tank 1 and the room 9. At the same time, the alarm system sensors 17 are triggered upon reaching the gas medium setting values and remote control 18 receives a pulse to the actuator for remote opening of valve 6. With the opening of valve 6, water from the reservoir 1 under pressure enters the nozzles 11. In the housing 1 of the nozzle (Fig. 2) d water pressure cylinder 5, compressing the spring 6, moves and reduces the flow area of the tangential windows 3 by an amount proportional to the pressure of the water, as a result of this increases the speed of water flow through the tangential windows 3 of the swirl 2. The flow of water, having a more intensive rotational movement at the exit from the nozzle, in the form of a cone-shaped stream of water droplets with a given opening angle and feed rate, uniformly irrigates the protected surface, effectively stopping the burning of materials in the room 9.

In the event of a possible delay in the operation of the alarm system, the start of the fire extinguishing system can be carried out by personnel located in room 9 by opening valve 8.

At the same time, with a sharp increase in the pressure of the gaseous medium during a fire in room 9, the floating valve 22 in the cylinder 19, compressing the spring, shuts off the flow of the gaseous medium into the cylinder 20 through the pipe 21. Due to the pressure drop in the cylinder 20 over the piston 24 and in the room 9, the valve 23 opens, the gas medium with combustion products under pressure is vented from room 9 into the atmosphere. The result is the maintenance of an acceptable physiological rate of pressure increase for a person in the room.

When the pressure in the room 9 decreases during decompression of personnel or after the fire is eliminated, the pressure in the tank 1 automatically decreases and the established pressure drop is maintained as a result of opening the valve 25 while reducing the pressure above the piston 26 and bleeding the air from the tank 1 to the atmosphere.

Thus, the simultaneous maintenance of the pressure drop between the tank and the protected room and the opening angle of the sprayed water stream ensures that the sprayed water is supplied at a given intensity and uniformly irrigates the protected surface when extinguishing a fire, and the use of a device to maintain the pressure rise rate prevents decompression diseases in personnel during a sharp increase in pressure during a fire in the room.

The creation of a fire extinguishing system equipped with devices that maintain a given intensity of sprayed water supply and its uniform distribution over the surface to be protected, as well as the use of devices that support the pressure rise rate, will make it possible to increase fire protection and ensure the safety of personnel in rooms with high gas pressure.

Information sources

1. Water extinguishing system. Schematic diagram KIUL 360065.GZ. "Dolphin - GVK", OJSC "Central Design Bureau Lazurit", 2011.

2. Fire extinguishing system. Scheme UEUYU.PDK.01.13.00.00.00S4 ZAO SKB EO at IMBP RAS, 2012.

Claims (1)

A fire extinguishing system for a room with a high pressure of a gas medium, containing a durable sealed tank for storing and supplying pressure through a fresh water pipeline to a room for centrifugal atomizers, a high-pressure air cylinder connected by pipelines to the reservoir through an air reducer, a device for limiting the pressure rise rate, a support device decompression differential pressure and control panel with alarm sensors, characterized in that the air pressure reducer the cavity is connected by a pipeline with the volume of the room to be protected and creates a predetermined pressure difference between the sprayers and the room, centrifugal sprayers on the swirlers have spring-loaded movable cylinders that regulate the cross sections of the tangential windows of the swirls, maintaining the required opening angle of the sprayed water jet, the pressure drop maintenance device when piping is decompressed is connected to the reservoir and the volume of the protected space.

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