RU2540227C2 - Method of forming thin-film protective coating on bases of removable dentures, obturators and components of maxillofacial prostheses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of forming thin-film protective coating on bases of removable dentures, obturators and components of maxilofacial prostheses and can be applied in dentistry. Thin-film protective coating, consisting of thin film of Si_xC_y-silicon carbide is formed. Coating is applied on product surface by ionic-plasma deposition directly from a beam of accelerated ions. Strong connection with materials, of which product is made, and protection against microbial and fungal adhesion are provided as a result.

EFFECT: coating is insoluble in water medium, is chemically inert and does not cause allergy.

7 cl, 15 dwg

Description

The invention relates to dentistry and can be used in the manufacture of removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses from acrylic plastics, silicone, thermoplastic and polyurethane materials, as well as metals used in dentistry, to protect these materials from microbial and fungal adhesion and prevention allergies in patients to these types of materials, a thin-film protective coating consisting of a nanoscale film of Si _x C _y -silicon carbide, applied to the surface of the product ohm ion-plasma spraying, provides a strong connection with the materials from which the product is made, the coating is insoluble in the aquatic environment and does not cause allergies.

Known analogues:

One of the methods in the practice of orthopedic dentistry is the application of a removable prosthesis in contact with the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, a layer of chemically deposited metal, since plastic is a dielectric, metal can be applied in the following ways: mechanical, physical and chemical.

In the mechanical method, a metal foil is glued onto the surface of the plastic, however, this method is very laborious, and in addition, a relief surface can be changed due to the formation of folds and rivets.

The physical method consists in the fact that a metal coating is formed on the surface of a dielectric by dipping and spraying with a liquid metal or by spraying and condensing metal vapors. Since the process is carried out at elevated temperatures, this method is not acceptable for acrylic plastics used in orthopedic dentistry.

In the chemical method, a metal coating is formed from metal atoms formed during chemical reactions. A chemical method is used to form a metal layer on the surface of the plastic. An important problem that occurs when coating a dielectric with a metal is adhesion. There is no natural connection between non-metals and metals, as between metals, it is therefore necessary to carry out the corresponding surface treatment of a non-conductor, increasing the adhesion strength. Great demands are made on surface cleanliness. The surface of the plastic should be microrough, providing adhesion of the metal to the plastic, to maintain this connection with temperature fluctuations and mechanical stresses. In the case of obtaining a positive effect when using a silver-plated removable denture to increase the service life of the coating, palladium or gold is applied electrochemically to the silver layer.

In clinical practice, gold, silver, palladium and their alloys, titanium, 1X18H9T grade stainless steel, and silicon dioxide are used as a coating material for a finished plastic prosthesis. Due to its oligodynamic and anti-inflammatory effects, metal alloys containing silver are used for chronic diseases of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common is the chemical silvering of the surface of a plastic prosthesis. It is based on the reaction of reduction of silver from its compounds, after which silver deposits on the surface of the prosthesis in the form of a film with a thickness of 2-3 microns. Due to the silvering of the acrylic prosthesis, the patient’s complaints about discomfort in the mouth disappear, epithelization of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed occurs. However, silver, as a rule, disappears from the surface of the prosthesis after 2-3 weeks, which requires repeated metallization.

Coating the bases of removable prostheses by electron beam evaporation with indifferent films from an alloy of stainless steel 1X18H9T, chromium, silver-palladium alloy, silicon dioxide in patients with toxic-allergic stomatitis showed that they not only worsen the appearance of prostheses, but also significantly complicate their use .

Bibliographic data of published sources of information:

Orthopedic treatment of patients with complete absence of teeth. Voronov A.P., Lebedenko I.Yu., Voronov I.A. - Practical Guide, pp. 218-220., - Publishing: MEDpress, 2006;

Guide to orthopedic dentistry. Prosthetics in the absence of teeth. Lebedenko I.Yu., Kalivrajiyan E.S., Ibragimova. 18.4. p. 366., T.I. -M .: Medical Information Agency LLC 2005

The method of metallization of plastic dentures. - Patent No. 1680142, published September 30, 1991, Patent No. 2469697 of 2011 (Method for plating on removable dentures). Patents: No. 1091929 of 1984, No. 1412767 of 1988, No. 1680142 of 1989

The obstacles to achieve the said below technical result, when using these methods include the fact that in the proposed method, the surface is bombarded with accelerated ions of the organosilicon compound and dissociation of the ions formed on the surface mechanically and chemically resistant coating based on Si _x C _y.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method for the manufacture of removable dentures of higher quality by increasing bacterioresistance, chemical and mechanical resistance and increasing comfort due to the absence of allergies.

The essence of the invention is that with the aim of manufacturing removable dentures of higher quality, a coating based on silicon carbide Si _x C _{y is} formed on the surface of the elements of removable dentures by the ion-plasma method.

The technical result of the claimed invention lies in the fact that by using a coating based on silicon carbide Si _x C _{y the} quality of removable dentures is improved due to increased bacterioresistance, chemical and mechanical resistance of the hardening coating, there is no irritation of the oral mucosa, and there is no allergy.

The task is achieved by technical means.

The proposed method of forming a thin-film protective coating on the basis of removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses, characterized in that:

the process of applying a thin film coating is carried out as follows:

a) - removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses are prepared for coating, if necessary, cleaned, sterilized, washed, degreased, parts of the prostheses that do not require coating, for example, artificial teeth, palatine, vestibular or oral surfaces of the prostheses shielded, protected by caps or plates of thermoplastic materials, curved in the form of artificial teeth, bases of removable dentures, obturators or components of the maxillofacial prostheses the vacuum cleaner, for example, “PlastVacP-7” or the like, is wrapped with a thin metal foil or coated with an insulating varnish applied; in all cases, fixators are attached to the protective coating;

b) - samples of prostheses, fixed with clamps on the holders, are installed on the pins of the carousel disk in the technological vacuum chamber of the ion-plasma treatment unit;

c) - atmospheric air is pumped out of the volume of the technological vacuum chamber to a pressure not higher than P≈8-9 · 10 ^-3 Pa according to the readings of the PMM-32-1 sensor and VMB-14 vacuum gauge, which are used in industry, that is, until the necessary vacuum is created ;

g) - apply accelerating voltage to the electrodes of the ion-optical system of the ion source II-4-0.15 ("Radical") from the power supply BP-94;

d) - a working gas is fed through the inlet of the inlet system to the discharge zone of the ion source to clean the surface of the samples, for example, an inert gas, usually argon, until the working pressure is reached in the pressure range from P≈1.0 · 10 ^-2 Pa to P≈1 0 · 10 ^-1 Pa; or a mixture of inert and reactive gases, for example, an inert argon gas Ar - 80% and a reactive oxygen gas O ₂ - 20%;

f) - form a beam of accelerated ions of the working gas;

g) - turn on the rotation of the carousel disk and the prosthesis samples begin to make a complex rotational movement, while simultaneously rotating in the horizontal plane with the disk and around the vertical axis with the pins;

h) - conduct cleaning and activation of the surface of the samples of products (from one to 24) for a given time, usually τ≈30-60 minutes; accelerated beam of positive ions, for example ions of inert gases, in particular argon Ar ^+, or a mixture of inert and reactive gases, such as inert gas Ar of argon - 80% and a reactive gas, oxygen O ₂ - 20%;

i) - stop cleaning and activation of the surface of the product samples and stop the supply of the working gas, that is, an inert gas or a mixture of gases, and begin to supply the organosilicon compound and / or mixture of compounds in the gaseous phase, which contains at least one, an organosilicon compound containing carbon (C) and silicon (Si) atoms in the molecule; for example, gaseous vapors of a liquid organosilicon compound;

j) - supply voltage to the electrodes of the ion-optical system of the ion source;

;k) - carry out the inclusion of the discharge, ionization of gas molecules in the discharge gap of the ion source and the formation of the beam of accelerated ions containing silicon (Si) and carbon (C) in the source of ions from the organosilicon molecules in various combinations $$S{i}_x{C}_y^{+}$$

;

m) - carry out the bombardment of the surface of the workpiece with a beam of ions, which contain ions of organosilicon compounds, as a result, a film of organosilicon compound Si _x C _y is formed on the surface of the prosthesis;

;m) - a Si _x C _y thin-film coating is formed on the surface of the product samples by the method of deposition of organosilicon ions from the ion beam, this occurs due to dissociation of accelerated ions containing silicon and carbon on the surface of the product $$S{i}_x{C}_y^{+}$$

;

o) - whereby the minimum film thickness h _min corresponds to the layer thickness h _min ≈ 2.5 * 10 ^-10 m when individual islands of the film are spliced into a continuous structure on the surface of the sample, while the process of forming a thin film coating based on Si _x C on the surface of the samples _y by deposition from an ion beam can continue until the specified film thickness is obtained, which is necessary for a particular product in the range of values from h≈1.0 · 10 ^-10 m to h = 1.0 · 10 ^-6 m;

o) - after reaching the specified film thickness h, usually after τ≈30-160 minutes, the process is stopped, the voltage supply to the electrodes of the ion-optical system of the ion source is turned off, the gas supply to the ion source is stopped, the shutter of the turbomolecular pump is closed, and the process vacuum chamber atmospheric air, open the door of the technological vacuum chamber, finished products are removed, protective coatings are removed from them.

A method of forming a thin film protective coating of the organosilicon compound S _x C _y bases dentures, obturator and components maxillofacial prostheses: acrylic plastic, silicone, thermoplastic and polyurethane materials and metals, used in dentistry, is similar to that described above.

Brief description of the attached photos:

Where

Figure 1 shows a removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic, where

1 - removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic.

Figure 2 shows a removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic and protective caps made of thermoplastic material with attached clamps, where

1 - removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic;

2 - protective caps made of thermoplastic material;

3 - attached clamps;

7 - artificial teeth;

Figure 3 shows the protective caps of a thermoplastic material with attached clamps on the artificial teeth of a removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic, where

1 - removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic;

2 - protective caps made of thermoplastic material;

3 - attached latches.

Figure 4 shows a denture, where

1 - removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic;

3 - attached clamps;

4 - protective plates of thermoplastic material;

7 - artificial teeth.

Figure 5 shows a denture, where

1 - removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic;

3 - attached clamps;

4 - protective plates of thermoplastic material.

Figure 6 shows a removable denture with a base of silicone material, where:

5 - removable denture with a base of silicone material;

6 - metal part of a removable denture;

7 - artificial teeth.

7 shows a removable denture with a base of silicone material, where

3 - attached clamps;

5 - removable denture with a base of silicone material;

8 - protective insulating varnish on artificial teeth of a removable denture;

9 is a protective thin metal foil wrapped around a removable denture.

On Fig shows a removable denture with a base of silicone material, where

3 - attached clamps;

5 - removable denture with a base of silicone material;

8 - protective insulating varnish on artificial teeth of a removable denture;

Figures 9 and 10 show the color change of the samples of basic materials depending on the thickness of the layer of applied thin-film protective coating, where

a - a sample of acrylic plastic without coating;

A1 is a sample of acrylic plastic with a thin layer of silicon carbide coating;

A3 - a sample of acrylic plastic with a thicker layer of silicon carbide coating,

A2 is a sample of acrylic plastic with an even thicker layer of silicon carbide coating.

b - a sample of silicone material without coating,

b3 - a sample of silicone material with a thin layer of silicon carbide coating,

B2 - a sample of silicone material with a thicker layer of silicon carbide coating,

b1 is a sample of silicone material with an even thicker layer of silicon carbide coating.

11 shows a removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic, where

1 - removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic.

On Fig shows a removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic coated with a thin film protective coating of silicon carbide, where

2 - protective caps made of thermoplastic material;

3 - attached clamps;

10 - removable denture with a base of acrylic plastic coated with a thin film protective coating of silicon carbide.

On Fig shows a removable denture with a base of silicone material, where

5 - removable denture with a base of silicone material.

On Fig, 15 shows a removable denture with a base of silicone material coated with a thin film protective coating of silicon carbide, where

11 - removable denture with a base of silicone material with a thin-film protective coating of silicon carbide.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The method of forming a thin-film protective coating on the bases of removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses is as follows:

work is carried out on an ion-plasma treatment unit specially adapted for applying thin-film coatings, manufactured on the basis of the industrial unit of high-vacuum M3.300.000, equipped with a turbomolecular pump and a fore-vacuum pump НВР-16. Three ports are located on the side walls of the technological vacuum chamber for connecting ion-plasma processing devices. A source of ions with a cold cathode II-4-0.15 (Radical) was connected to one of them. A rotary disk is horizontally located at the bottom of the technological vacuum chamber, which rotates from the electric drive in a horizontal plane around a vertical axis that passes through the center of the disk, 24 pins are arranged in a circle at a distance of ≈70 mm from the outer edge of the disk, each of which also rotates around its own vertical axis. Holders with one of the samples are put on these pins one at a time: with a removable denture, an obturator, or a component of the maxillofacial prostheses (product). All prostheses, that is, from one to 24 pieces, when the electric drive is turned on, rotate in a horizontal plane together with the disk and at the same time each of them rotates around a vertical axis together with a pin with a holder to which a prosthesis (product) is attached with a clamp.

The process of applying a thin film coating is as follows:

a) - removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses are prepared for coating, if necessary, cleaned, sterilized, washed, degreased, parts of the prostheses that do not require coating, for example, artificial teeth, palatine, vestibular or oral surfaces of the prostheses shielded, protected by caps or plates of thermoplastic materials, curved in the form of artificial teeth, bases of removable dentures, obturators or components of the maxillofacial prostheses the vacuum cleaner, for example, “PlastVacP-7” or the like, is wrapped with a thin metal foil or coated with an insulating varnish applied; in all cases, fixators are attached to the protective coating;

b) - samples of prostheses, fixed with clamps on the holders, are installed on the pins of the carousel disk in the technological vacuum chamber of the ion-plasma treatment unit;

c) - atmospheric air is pumped out of the volume of the technological vacuum chamber to a pressure not higher than P≈8-9 · 10 ^-3 Pa according to the readings of the PMM-32-1 sensor and VMB-14 vacuum gauge, which are used in industry, that is, until the necessary vacuum is created ;

g) - apply accelerating voltage to the electrodes of the ion-optical system of the ion source II-4-0.15 ("Radical") from the power supply BP-94;

d) - a working gas is fed through the inlet of the inlet system to the discharge zone of the ion source to clean the surface of the samples, for example, an inert gas, usually argon, until the working pressure is reached in the pressure range from P≈1.0 · 10 ^-2 Pa to P≈1 0 · 10 ^-1 Pa; or a mixture of inert and reactive gases, for example, inert gas, argon Ar - 80%, and reactive gas, oxygen O ₂ - 20%;

f) - form a beam of accelerated ions of the working gas;

g) - turn on the rotation of the carousel disk and the prosthesis samples begin to make a complex rotational movement, while simultaneously rotating in the horizontal plane with the disk and around the vertical axis with the pins;

h) - they conduct cleaning and activation of the surface of product samples (from one to 24) for a given time, usually τ≈30-60 minutes, with a beam of accelerated positive ions, for example, ions of inert gases, in particular argon Ar ⁺ , or a mixture of inert and chemically active gases, for example inert gas of argon Ar ⁺ - 80%, and reactive gas, oxygen O ₂ - 20%;

i) - stop cleaning and activating the surface of the product samples and stop supplying the working gas, that is, an inert gas or a mixture of gases to clean the surface, and begin to supply an organosilicon compound and / or a mixture of compounds in the gaseous phase into the discharge zone of the ion source, which contains at least one organosilicon compound containing carbon (C) and silicon (Si) atoms in the molecule, for example: gaseous vapors of a liquid organosilicon compound;

j) - supply voltage to the electrodes of the ion-optical system of the ion source;

;k) - carry out the inclusion of the discharge, ionization of gas molecules in the discharge gap of the ion source and the formation of the beam of accelerated ions containing silicon (Si) and carbon (C) in the source of ions from the organosilicon molecules in various combinations $$S{i}_x{C}_y^{+}$$

;

m) - carry out the bombardment of the surface of the workpiece with a beam of ions, which contain ions of organosilicon compounds, as a result, a film of organosilicon compound Si _x C _y is formed on the surface of the prosthesis;

;m) - a Si _x C _y thin-film coating is formed on the surface of the product samples by the method of deposition of organosilicon ions from the ion beam, this occurs due to dissociation of accelerated ions containing silicon and carbon on the surface of the product $$S{i}_x{C}_y^{+}$$

;

o) - whereby the minimum film thickness h _min corresponds to the layer thickness h _min ≈ 2.5 * 10 ^-10 m when individual islands of the film are spliced into a continuous structure on the surface of the sample, while the process of forming a thin film coating based on Si _x C on the surface of the samples _y by deposition from an ion beam, it can continue until a specified film thickness is obtained for a particular product;

o) - after reaching the specified film thickness h, usually after τ≈30-160 minutes, the process is stopped, the voltage supply to the electrodes of the ion-optical system of the ion source is turned off, the gas supply to the ion source is stopped, the shutter of the turbomolecular pump is closed, and the process vacuum chamber atmospheric air, open the door of the technological vacuum chamber, finished products are removed, protective coatings are removed from them.

The method of forming a thin film protective coating from an organosilicon compound Si _x C _y on the basis of removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses: from acrylic plastics, silicone, thermoplastic, polyurethane materials and metals used in dentistry, is carried out similarly to that described above .

Claims (7)

1. The method of forming a thin-film protective coating on products in the form of bases of removable dentures or obturators or components of the maxillofacial prostheses, characterized in that the coating is formed on the basis of silicon carbide (Si _x C _y ) by ion-plasma spraying, in this case:
a) loading pre-prepared product samples into the volume of the technological vacuum chamber of the ion-plasma treatment unit;
b) pumping air from the volume of the technological vacuum chamber to a pressure below atmospheric, and not higher than P = 8-9 · 10 ^-3 Pa;
c) cleaning the surface of product samples by feeding an ion source into the discharge zone to a working pressure of Ρ = 1.0 · 10 ^-2 Pa to Ρ = 1.0 · 10 ^-1 Pa of a working gas, which is used as an inert gas, and / or a reactive gas and / or a mixture of inert and reactive gases;
d) applying a voltage to the electrodes of the ion-optical system of the ion source, in this case include a discharge, ionize the atoms and molecules of the working gas and form a beam of accelerated ions of inert gases and / or ions of chemically active gases and / or ions of mixtures of inert and chemically active gases ;
d) cleaning the surface of product samples and its activation by a beam of accelerated positive ions;
e) cutting off the supply of working gas to clean the surface of the prosthesis;
g) feeding into the discharge zone of the ion source of an organosilicon compound and / or a mixture of compounds in the gas phase, which contains at least one organosilicon compound containing carbon (C) and silicon (Si) atoms in the molecule, at a working pressure in the range from Ρ = 1.0 · 10 ^-2 Pa to P = 1.0 · 10 ^-1 Pa;
h) supplying a voltage ion source to the electrodes of the ion-optical system, including a discharge, ionizing the atoms and molecules of the organosilicon compound in the gaseous phase in the discharge zone and forming a beam of accelerated ions, which include carbon (C) and silicon (Si) atoms ;
i) obtaining a film with a thickness h _min = 2.5 · 10 ^-10 m or a thickness from h = l, 0 · 10 ^-10 m to h = l, 0 · 10 ^-6 m. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the coating is carried out on the basis of removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses made of acrylic plastics. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the coating is carried out on the basis of removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses made of silicone materials. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the coating is carried out on the basis of removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses made of thermoplastic materials. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the coating is carried out on the basis of removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses made of polyurethane materials. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the coating is carried out on the metal parts of removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the artificial teeth or parts of the bases of removable dentures, obturators and components of the maxillofacial prostheses that do not require coating are pre-shielded or protected with caps or plates of thermoplastic materials, curved in the shape of artificial teeth or bases of removable dentures, or obturators, or components of the maxillofacial prostheses in a vacuumformer, either wrapped with thin metal foil or covered with an insulating varnish, while attaching they snap to them.

Images