RU2421965C1 - Method to cultivate spike grain crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: method to cultivate spike grain crops consists in the fact that seeds are once treated with a reactant and sowed. At the phase of spring bushing, plants are once treated with the same substance. The used reactant is methionine. Seeds are treated with 4-10 g of methionine per 1 ton of seeds. During treatment of plants in the spring bushing phase, 4-10 g of methionine are taken per 1 ha of crops. ^ EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase crop capacity and yield of green mass. ^ 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the technology of cultivation of cereal crops.

Getting a high and high-quality grain crop is the main task in crop production. Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas syringae, acting on plants, form the methionine antimetabolite. This, in turn, leads to a violation of protein biosynthesis in plant cells and, consequently, leads to a weakening of the plant organism and bacteriosis. The defeat of wheat by bacterial diseases leads to a reduction in yield by 30-70%, as well as a decrease in the quality of grain crops (technological, seed and fodder).

To increase the yield of cereal crops in the cultivation technology, antibiotic preparations are used, in particular Fitolavin 300, for seed dressing and processing of crops. Phytolavin 300 is an active substance of phytobacteriomycin. It is used for presowing dusting of wheat and barley seeds for the prevention of root rot, as well as against soybean bacterioses (List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation. Appendix to the journal “Plant Protection and Quarantine No. 6, 2005”) .

A known method of cultivating winter wheat, including a single treatment of seeds with a working solution of Fitolavin 300 by spraying with constant stirring, seeding the seeds in the soil, a single treatment of crops in the phase of spring tillering of plants with the same preparation by spraying (Scientific journal "Transactions of Kuban State University", issue 2 , Krasnodar 2006, p.197-206; www.agroyug.ru).

This method is the closest in technical essence to the claimed invention. The disadvantage of this method is the use of Phytolavin 300 as an active substance, which is an antibiotic, the use of which destroys not only pathogenic microorganisms, but also beneficial microflora, thereby violating the ecology.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the yield of cereal crops due to the neutralization of the effects of phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae by filling the methionine deficiency by treating the seeds before sowing and treating the plants in the spring tillering phase with Methionine, which is an amino acid.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method, including a single treatment of seeds with the active substance, their sowing and a single treatment with the same substance of plants in the spring tillering phase, according to the proposed method, methionine is used as the active substance, the seeds are processed at the rate of 4-10 g of active substances per 1 ton of seeds, and when processing plants in the phase of spring tillering - at the rate of 4-10 g of active substance per 1 hectare of crops.

The novelty of the proposed method consists in the use of methionine as an active substance, since it neutralizes the effect of phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas syringae on seed material and plants in the spring tillering phase, filling the plant’s lack of methionine.

The inventive method of cultivating cereal crops meets the criterion of inventive step, since the use of methionine allows not only to neutralize the effects of phytopathogenic bacteria on seeds and crops, but also ensures the normal course of protein biosynthesis by the body, making up for the deficiency of this amino acid (methionine).

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of industrial applicability, as it can be used at any agricultural enterprise.

METHIONINE L-2-amino-2-methylmercaptobutyric acid, an essential glycogen-forming sulfur-containing amino acid. It is part of most proteins. S-adenosylmethionine is a donor of methyl groups; it participates in enzymatic methylation processes leading to the formation of choline, adrenaline and other biologically important compounds. The direct precursor in methionine biosynthesis in some plants and microorganisms is homocysteine (formed from aspartic acid). A lack of methionine leads to a violation of the biosynthesis of proteins, a slowdown in the growth and development of the body.

The claimed method is the use of methionine as an active substance (for seed treatment at the rate of 4-10 g of active substance per 1 ton of seeds and crops at the rate of 4-10 g of active substance per 1 hectare of crops). The use of methionine allows preserving the balance of microorganisms existing in ecology and at the same time minimizing the adverse effect of phytopathogenic bacteria on plants.

Processing seeds with methionine in an amount of 4-10 g per 1 ton of seeds will increase germination energy, seed germination and reduce seed infection in the early stages of growth. And processing the plant during the growing season in the spring tillering phase will increase the yield of green mass and the yield of cereal crops.

The method is implemented as follows.

Methods and doses of treatments are presented in table 1.

Table 1 Methods and doses of treatments Experiences Treatment Semen Consumption of active substance per 1 ton of seeds Plants in the phase of spring tillering The consumption of the active substance per 1 ha of crops The control No processing - No processing - The prototype is the active substance Fitolavin 300 Working solution with constant stirring 1.5 liters per 10 liters of working solution Working solution spraying 1,5 l The inventive method, the active substance methionine Working solution with constant stirring 4 g per 10 l of working solution Working solution spraying 4 g 5 g per 10 l of working solution 5 g 7 g per 10 l of working solution 7 g 10 g per 10 l of working solution 10 g

Laboratory studies on the effectiveness of the proposed method is carried out according to the scheme shown in table 2.

table 2 Seed and Plant Processing Scheme Option Description 0 No processing one Seed treatment with Fitolavin 300 at the rate of 1.5 liters per 1 ton of seeds 2 Treatment with methionine at the rate of 4 g per 1 ton of seeds 3 Processing with methionine at the rate of 5 g per 1 ton of seeds four Processing with methionine at the rate of 7 g per 1 ton of seeds 5 Treatment with methionine at the rate of 10 g per 1 ton of seeds

Laboratory tests are carried out as follows.

Prepare solutions of the active substances Fitolavin 300 with a consumption of the active substance of 1.5 liters per 1 ton of seeds and Methionine with different consumption of the active substance (4, 5, 7, 10 g) per 1 ton of seeds. Seeds are treated with these solutions by spraying with constant stirring. Then 40 pieces of seeds are placed in Petri dishes, on the bed of which 3 layers of pre-sterilized and moistened filter paper are completely moistened. The germination temperature is maintained at 30 ± 1 ° C. The seeds are the control, without treatment. Evaluation of the indicators is carried out on the fifth and seventh days. The results of laboratory tests are presented in table 3.

Table 3 Laboratory test results Option Seed germination,% Spine length (average), cm Sprout length (average), cm Infection rate,% 0 83 0.9 8.5 70 one 95 9 11.1 7.6 2 95 9.6 8.7 7.2 3 96 11.3 10.5 7.2 four 94 10.7 9.7 8.0 5 93 10 9.1 8.0

Based on the results of laboratory studies, the best option was selected from the proposed method - treatment of seeds with Methionine at the rate of 5 g per 1 ton of seeds, and field trials were carried out together with the prototype and control variant.

Tests of the proposed method in the field are carried out in accordance with the proposed scheme, presented in table 4.

Table 4 Field Test Scheme Option Treatment Semen Consumption of active substance per 1 ton of seeds Plants in the phase of spring tillering The consumption of the active substance per 1 ha of crops 0 - - - - 0.1 - - Fitolavin 300 1,5 l 0.2 - - Methionine 5 g 1.0 Fitolavin 300 1,5 l - - 1.1 Fitolavin 300 1,5 l Fitolavin 300 1,5 l 1.2 Fitolavin 300 1,5 l Methionine 5 g 2.0 Methionine 5 g - - 2.1 Methionine 5 g Fitolavin 300 1,5 l 2.2 Methionine 5 g Methionine 5 g

Evaluation of the effectiveness of methionine as the active substance is carried out after harvesting. The results are presented in tables 5 and 6.

Table 5 Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of drugs Option Spike weight (average), g The mass of the stem (average), g 0 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.2 1,2 2.2 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.1 1,2 1.3 1.2 0.9 1,1 2.0 0.4 0.5 2.1 one 1.4 2.2 one 2,4

Table 6 The effect of treatments on grain yield from 1 m ² Option Grain mass from 1 m ² , g 0 220 0.1 400,2 0.2 619.2 1.0 244.8 1.1 489.6 1.2 421.2 2.0 231.5 2.1 600 2.2 516

From tables 5 and 6 it is seen that the use of methionine in the technology of growing cereal crops is very effective. Thus, the yield of winter wheat from 1 m ² when using methionine is increased by more than 120 g and the yield of green mass is increased by 1 g compared to the version where the treatment with the bactericide Phytolavin 300 was used.

The specified positive effect is achieved only with a combination of the described techniques and optimal concentrations (4-10 g) of the active substance and allows to achieve the claimed technical result.

The proposed method of processing seeds and crops is cost-effective. When using the approved drug Fitolavin 300 with a flow rate of 1.5 l / t of seeds or 1.5 l / ha, the cost is 750-850 rubles per treatment. A similar methionine treatment reduces economic costs, with a consumption of 5 g / t of seeds or 5 g / ha, the cost of the drug is 100 rubles, which is 7-8 times cheaper. In addition, the use of antibiotic drugs, such as Fitolavin 300, negatively affects the beneficial microflora of agrobiocenoses, and methionine is completely harmless (does not change the existing species composition of microorganisms in the ecosystem).

The method has been tested on the basis of the Kuban State Agrarian University and in the Rostov Region (CJSC "Aksayskaya Zemlya") in 2008-2009.

Claims (1)

The method of cultivation of cereal crops, comprising a single treatment of seeds with the active substance, sowing and a single treatment with the same substance of plants in the spring tillering phase, characterized in that methionine is used as the active substance and the seeds are processed at a rate of 4-10 g per 1 ton seeds, and when processing plants in the phase of spring tillering, 4-10 g per 1 ha of crops.