RU2411066C1 - Method of isotope separation and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods and device intended for electromagnetic plasma separation of isotopes. Proposed method comprises feeding working substance containing mix of n gaseous isotopes into plasma accelerator, mix ionisation and acceleration of isotope ions to be discharged integrated with quasi-neutral plasma flow through the gap in accelerator magnetic core. Note here that plasma accelerator allows circular discharge of isotope ion flow toward accelerator lengthwise axis. Then, azimuthal non-uniform magnetic field is induced in separation region, isotope ions are separated by weights in magnetic field, bulk ion flow charge is compensated for by follow-electrons source, and separated isotope ions are connected in separate receivers. Proposed isotope separation device comprises plasma accelerator, magnet, gap in magnetic core with crosswise magnetic field, receivers of separated isotope ions located on isotope ions collection line and spaced apart for distance d_ln.

EFFECT: higher separation quality, higher efficiency and weight resolution and minimised overall dimensions.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for electromagnetic plasma separation of isotopes and the production of nuclear-pure substances and can be used in the production of stable and radioactive isotopes of chemical elements. The main areas of application of isotopes are nuclear energy - fuel for nuclear power plants, structural materials in reactor engineering, neutron moderators and absorbers, the use of isotopes in quantum frequency and length standards, the study of the structure and properties of substances by nuclear magnetic resonance methods, therapeutic nuclear medicine, radiation sterilization, breeding plants using radiation-induced mutations, isotopic indicators - the study of the distribution and ways of moving substances in a variety of systems.

Currently, there is the task of finding and bringing to industrial use an alternative to the kinetic separation methods of a more universal high-performance single-stage method of electromagnetic separation of isotopes and elements. The classic universal vacuum ion-beam electromagnetic method [Artsimovich L.A. and other atomic energy. - 1957. - T.3, No. 12. - S.483] provides nuclear-pure substances with a high degree of purity, but in small (diagnostic) quantities.

The direction when the isotopes are extracted from the plasma containing the shared elements is considered to be promising high-performance. Moreover, to date, the most “advanced” from a practical point of view has been the study of the selective separation of one of the components of the mixture using ion-cyclotron heating and laser isotope separation [Isotopes: properties, production, application. In 2 vols. T.1 / Ed. V.Yu. Baranova. - M .: FIZMATLIT, 2005. - P.307; Dolgolenko D.A., Muromkin Yu.A. Isotope separation in plasma based on ion cyclotron resonance // Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk. - 2009. - T.179, No. 4. - S. 369-382]. Perhaps this is due to the interest in powerful generators of electromagnetic radiation of microwave, gigahertz and light ranges, which have priority developed in the world in relation to defense tasks.

The most significant achievement in ion-cyclotron resonance heating (ICR) on a PPM installation with a 44-ton superconducting solenoid at a flow rate of 0.5-1 kW of microwave power per 1 A of equivalent ion current was obtained by enriching nickel with ⁶² Ni isotope - about 2 g / h [Dolgolenko D.A., Muromkin Yu.A. Isotope separation in plasma based on ion cyclotron resonance // Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk. - 2009. - T.179, No. 4. - S.377]. ICR requires serious efforts to create a fully ionized stationary plasma with a concentration of about 10 ¹² cm ^-3 , to carry out effective ionization of the working substance in large plasma volumes and is difficult to extract selective ions from plasma.

In the works [Morozov A.I., Lebedev S.V. Plasma optics // Issues of plasma theory / Ed. M.A. Leontovich. T.8. - M .: Atomizdat, 1974. - P.264; S.D. Grishin, L.V. Leskov, N.P. Kozlov. Plasma Accelerators - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1983. - S.204; Morozov A.I., Semashko N.N. On mass separation of quasineutral beams // Letters in ZhTF. 2002.- T.28, issue 24. - S.63-66; Morozov A.I., Savelyev V.V. Axisymmetric plasmooptical mass separators // Plasma Physics. - 2005. - T. 31, No. 5. - p. 458-465; A.I. Morozov. Introduction to plasma dynamics. - M .: FIZMATLIT, 2008. - 616 pp.] The idea was put forward - to use a plasma accelerator as a source of quasineutral stationary plasma flows of isotope ions of various masses.

A known method of heating the ions of the target (one) isotope in the plasma ICR method of isotope separation and device for its implementation [Patent RU No. 2143185, IPC Н05В 6/10, Н05В 6/64, B01D 59/48, publ. December 20, 1999], when the ions of the target isotope are heated at the second harmonic of the ion cyclotron frequency in the high-frequency electric field in the plasma stream in a uniform magnetic field. The high-frequency electric field in this case has a spatial gradient in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. Heating at the second harmonic allows a 10-fold increase in the plasma density at which there is no skinning (attenuation) of the external high-frequency electric field in the plasma volume. Further, in the process of isotope ion separation, a difference in the transverse energy of the heated ions of the target isotope and the other colder ions is used.

The signs of the known method, coinciding with the essential features of the proposed method are:

1) the working substance — ions of the target isotopes — is injected into the separation region in the form of a plasma stream;

2) isotope ions are extracted to collectors from a substance in a plasma state.

The disadvantage of the method according to this analogue is the inability to extract ions of various isotopes from the plasma stream in one working cycle — the lack of panorama, versatility, and high cost.

A known device according to this method [patent RU No. 2143185] includes a vacuum volume for separation, placed in a uniform magnetic field, an antenna of the solenoid type for inputting electric power into the plasma, an external generator of the electric field, a one-turn coil of a screen-shaper for redistributing the electric field, the plate located at the edges of the coil, defining the gradient of the electric field and playing the role of a heat shield, collections of ions of the target isotope and cold ions of other isotopes.

The signs of the known device, coinciding with the essential features of the claimed device are:

1) vacuum volume for separation,

2) collections of isotope ions.

The disadvantages of the device for this analogue is the lack of versatility, panorama, in addition, it should be noted the complexity of the device: the presence of an external source of electric field, a system of antennas and electrodes inside the vacuum separation volume.

The method of magnetoplasma or magnetoionic separation of a substance into elements in a device for separating a substance into elements according to patent UA No. 24729, IPC B01D 59/00 (published July 10, 2007) consists in creating a preliminary plasma during injection of a plasma-forming gas, ionizing the gas with an electron beam, the supply of working steam and its ionization in the preliminary plasma, the creation of a uniform longitudinal magnetic field, the provision of beam-plasma interaction, as a result of which ion-cyclotron oscillations are excited, leading to the appearance of a turbulent radial electric field and heating the ions of the target (one) isotope, collecting ions of heavy and light isotopes to different receivers.

The signs of the known method, coinciding with the essential features of the proposed method are:

1) the separation of isotope ions occurs in the presence of a magnetic field in a vacuum separation volume.

The disadvantages of this method are the lack of panorama and versatility, low productivity due to the low efficiency of the generation of ion-cyclotron oscillations in the plasma, the excitation of which is a small fraction of the electron beam energy, and the need to create a preliminary plasma.

A known device according to this method [patent UA No. 24729] includes a vacuum chamber, a supply unit for a separable substance, a plasma gas supply unit, an electron gun, receivers of a heavy (target) isotope ion in the central part of the vacuum volume and light isotope ions (dump) at the separation end volume, magnetic system, electron beam collector.

The signs of the known device, coinciding with the essential features of the claimed device are:

1) vacuum separation chamber,

2) the supply unit of the shared substance,

3) isotope ion receivers.

The disadvantages of the device for this analogue are the lack of panorama and versatility, low productivity due to the low generation efficiency of ion-cyclotron oscillations and the need to create a preliminary plasma, in addition, it should be noted the complexity of the device, which consists in the fact that the design of a preliminary plasma creation system is included, which consists of from a plasma gas supply unit, an electron gun with electrical circuits for powering these devices, an electron beam collector .

A device for separating charged particles by mass according to patent RU No. 2142328 of the authors V.T. Doronin and A.N. Zhdanov (IPC B01D 59/48, H05H 5/00, publ. 10.12.1999).

The device includes a vacuum chamber, a separator, through which a longitudinal current flows, forming an azimuthal magnetic field in the region of the longitudinal slit slots of the separator, an annular source of charged particles with the release of ions along the radius into the region of the longitudinal slit slots of the separator of charged particles, in which the charged particles cross the transverse direction the motion of charged particles, the azimuthal magnetic field, is divided into two parts - heavy and light, an annular receiver of charged particles, including an element, is located dix near the narrowest part of the separator and the light receiving component, and a member disposed within the wide portion of the separator in the flow path of heavy charged particles, - a receiver of heavy charged particles.

The signs of the known device, coinciding with the essential features of the claimed device are:

1) vacuum separation chamber,

2) the ring shape of the source of charged particles - isotope ions of various masses,

3) a separator of charged particles - isotope ions of various masses - with a magnetic field transverse to the direction of movement of the charged particles.

A disadvantage of the known device is the inability to separate ions of isotopes of different masses - the separation is carried out into groups of heavy and light charged particles, but not according to individual isotopes, low dispersion (distance at the receiver between isotopes of different masses) in a uniform transverse magnetic field in the region of longitudinal slotted slots, low performance.

The prototype of the method and device according to this invention is a method of separation by mass of quasi-neutral beams and a plasma-optic mass separator [A.I. Morozov, N.N. Semashko. On mass separation of quasineutral beams // Letters in ZhTF. 2002.- T.28, issue 24. - S.63-66].

The prototype method includes creating a quasi-neutral stationary plasma flow of isotope ions of various masses in a plasma accelerator such as a stationary plasma engine (SPD) or an anode layer engine (DAS), injecting the flow into the transverse (radial) magnetic field of the azimuthator, separating the isotope ions by mass in magnetic field of the azimuthator, injection of a stream of separated isotope ions into the separation region, creation of a radial electric field and a longitudinal uniform magnetic field in the separation region, bunching of ions in a radial electric field, magnetization of electrons in a uniform longitudinal magnetic field, collecting ions of various isotopes, each to its own receiver.

The signs of the method according to the prototype, coinciding with the essential features of the proposed method are:

1) the creation of a quasi-neutral stationary plasma stream of isotope ions of various masses in a plasma accelerator such as a stationary plasma engine (SPD) or an anode layer engine (DAS),

2) collecting ions of various isotopes, each to its own receiver.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the inability to build devices according to the known method using currently existing SPD and DAS. The known method requires the absence of energy spread in the beam of isotope ions and a small (within ± 5 °) angular spread, while the energy spread ΔE of existing plasma accelerators with an accelerating voltage of hundreds of volts is approximately equal to the main energy E of the plasma stream: ΔЕ ~ E [ S.D. Grishin, L.V. Leskov, N.P. Kozlov. Plasma Accelerators - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1983. - S.204], and the best of the achieved angular spread is 11 ° [Morozov A.I., Bugrova A.I., Desyatskov A.V., Ermakov Yu.A., Kozintseva M .V., Lipatov A.S., Pushkin A.A., Kharchevnikov V.K., Churbanov D.V. Stationary plasma accelerator engine ATON // Plasma Physics. - 1997. - T.23, No. 7. - S.635-645]. Thus, the prototype method cannot provide the required mass resolution.

The prototype device includes a plasma accelerator, an azimuthator, a magnet, a magnetic circuit, an electronic tracking gun, a separating volume, a system for creating a longitudinal magnetic field in a separating volume, a system for creating a radial electric field in a separating volume, and ring receivers of separated components of an isotope ion beam located in the length and radius of the separating volume positions.

The signs of the device according to the prototype, coinciding with the essential features of the claimed device are:

1) plasma accelerator,

2) a magnet

3) magnetic circuit,

4) separating volume

5) electronic gun escort,

6) receivers of separated isotope ions.

The disadvantage of the prototype device is that isotope ions of different masses can be mixed at adjacent receivers when using existing plasma accelerators as ion sources, and, as a result, the device has a low resolution (degree of enrichment) by mass of isotopes.

When creating the isotope separation method and device for its implementation according to the claimed invention, the goal was to provide high performance, panoramic separation of the substance into isotopes, to improve the quality of separation (dispersion by mass) and to ensure the smallest possible dimensions of the device (plasma electromagnetic mass separator).

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in the ability to combine the high mass resolution, which is achieved on traditional vacuum electromagnetic separators working with ion beams, with the industry required high performance and versatility.

. В вакууме напряженность магнитного поля равна:The technical result is achieved in that the starting material, containing, for example, a mixture of n isotopes, is supplied in a gaseous state to a plasma accelerator, for example, with a hollow anode, where the mixture is ionized in the ionization zone and accelerated in the acceleration zone to an energy of several hundred eV. Isotope ions in a quasi-neutral plasma flow are released through a gap in the magnetic circuit, in which conditions are created for a closed azimuthal electron drift. Isotope ions fall into the separation region of the vacuum volume, in which according to the invention create an inhomogeneous azimuthal magnetic field - direct current field with magnetic induction

. In vacuum, the magnetic field strength is equal to:

Where:

r is the radius at which the magnetic field strength is determined,

I is the magnitude of the current

c is the speed of light.

Isotope ions move along the radius to the axis of the separator in a magnetic field along Larmor trajectories with a Larmor radius ρ _n varying along the trajectories, defined at each point, for example, k, the trajectory of the nth isotope ion of mass M _n according to the formula:

,

,

Where:

V _n is the velocity of the nth isotope ion.

In the region of the maximum magnetic field near the surface of the current lead, the ions change the direction of their movement in the opposite direction - they begin to move from the separator axis. To eliminate stray differences in the ion flux in space due to the occurrence of a space charge as the plasma stream moves, the space charge of the plasma stream is compensated using a tracking electron source. During movement in the separation area, isotope ions are separated by mass and collected at isotope ion receivers located at distances, the value of which is determined by the formula:

Where:

a is the radius of the current lead,

V ₀ is the initial velocity of isotope ions,

e is the electron charge.

To achieve a technical result, for example, a plasma accelerator with a hollow anode with spaced ionization and acceleration zones, with minimized energy and angular spread of the isotope ion flux, is used as an ion source. The plasma accelerator is made with an annular discharge of the plasma flow — radially to the longitudinal axis of the accelerator, which ensures the passage of the isotope ion flux in the “strong” field near the current lead. The plasma accelerator can be performed with the release of the plasma flow at a variable angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the accelerator [Petrosov VA, Baidakov SG, Baranov VI, Vasin AI, Nazarenko Yu.S. Method and device for ion acceleration in Hall type plasma accelerators. Patent RU No. 2196397, IPC Н05Н 1/54, F03H 1/00, publ. January 10, 2003]. The receivers of the separated isotope ions are located on the collection line defined by the equation:

Where:

M ₀ - average (central) mass of the isotope ion,

E ₀ - injection energy,

r _L0 is the Larmor radius of the central mass isotope ion.

The distance between the receivers of isotope ions is equal to:

The advantages of the proposed variant of the method for the separation of isotopes and devices for its implementation are:

1) high resolution by mass, i.e. the possibility of separation of isotopes with close masses;

2) the dispersion (the distance between the ions of isotopes of neighboring masses at the receiver) exceeds the dispersion of the prototype η≈A / 2 times and η >> 1;

3) there is no azimuthator in the device;

4) the device does not have a system for creating a focusing electric field in the separator.

It should be noted that the use of a plasma accelerator with an annular outlet along the radius to the axis of the separator significantly (tens of times) made it possible to reduce the geometric dimensions of the separator compared to the case when the outlet is used axially-symmetrically along the longitudinal axis of the separator.

Let us explain the origin of these qualities.

The mass resolution in the separation space of this application is equal to:

where δr is the distance at the receiver between adjacent isotopes.

The mass resolution in the separation space of the prototype

and the ratio ζ of the mass resolutions of the claimed device and prototype is ζ≈2 / A = 2 / (r _L0 / a) << 1, which confirms the possibility of separation of isotopes with closer masses for the claimed device.

The choice of a scheme for injecting a plasma stream into a separating volume is determined, inter alia, by the need to minimize the geometric dimensions of the separator region in which a magnetic field separating isotope ions is created. Comparison of two injection options - along the longitudinal axis of the separator and along the radius of the separator to its longitudinal axis made it possible to make an unambiguous choice of the injection option - along the radius to the longitudinal axis of the separator. This decision was made based on the analysis of ion trajectories in the magnetic field of the separator (direct current field). The trajectories obtained by numerically solving the equations of motion of ions are shown in FIG. 1 (small scale; only the initial portion of the trajectories) and FIG. 2 (large scale). Curve 1 in figure 2 - the trajectory of the ion during injection to the axis ends at the point r _maxl ≈365a; curve 2 (the trajectory of the ion injected along the axis) goes to r _max2 ≈16000a. The ratio of the geometric dimensions that determine the volume of the mass separator is r _max2 / r _max1 ≈44. The use of a plasma accelerator with an annular outlet along the radius to the axis of the separator made it possible to significantly (tenfold) reduce the geometric dimensions of the separator compared to the case when the outlet is used along the longitudinal axis of the mass separator.

The method of isotope separation and device for its implementation are illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the trajectories of identical isotope ions obtained by numerical calculation for the cases of ion start along the longitudinal axis of the device (curve 1) and along the radius to the axis of the device (curve 2) for the parameter R = eI / (V ₀ Mc ² ) = 0, 3. The starting point here is r ₀ = 20a, z ₀ = 0; the distance is normalized to the radius of the conductor a.

Figure 2 shows the trajectories of identical isotope ions obtained by numerical calculation for the cases of the start of the ion along the radius of the device to the axis (curve 1) and the start along the longitudinal axis of the device (curve 2). R = 0.3; starting point r ₀ = 20a, z ₀ = 0; the distance is normalized to the radius of the conductor a. The section of the trajectory corresponding to the motion toward the axis is not visible due to the large scale of the pattern of motion of the isotope ion as a whole. The ion trajectory 1 ends at the point r _maxl ≈365а; curve 2 goes to r _max2 ≈16000а.

Figure 3 shows the trajectories of isotope ions of three different masses, related as M ₁ : M ₂ : M ₃ = 1: 1.05: 1.1. The numbers on the curves are the values of the parameter R. The coordinates are normalized to the maximum amplitude of the trajectories r _max at R = 0.3. Starting point: r ₀ = 20 (the movement begins to the axis of the device; the segment of movement to the axis is not visible due to the large scale of the motion picture as a whole), z ₀ = 0.

Figure 4 shows schematically a device for the separation of isotopes.

The proposed method for the separation of isotopes is implemented as follows. The starting material, containing, for example, a mixture of n isotopes, is supplied in a gaseous state to a plasma accelerator, for example, with a hollow anode, with spaced ionization and acceleration zones, with minimized energy and angular spread of the isotope ion flux, where the mixture is ionized in the ionization zone and accelerated in acceleration zone to an energy of several hundred eV. Isotope ions in the quasi-neutral plasma flow are released through a gap in the magnetic core of accelerator 3, in which the conditions for a closed azimuthal electron drift are created.

и напряженностью магнитного поля, определяемой уравнением:The plasma accelerator is performed with an annular outlet of the plasma flow — radially to the longitudinal axis of the accelerator, which ensures the passage of the isotope ion flux in the “strong” field region near the current lead. The plasma accelerator can be performed with the release of the plasma flow at a variable angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the accelerator [Petrosov VA, Baidakov SG, Baranov VI, Vasin AI, Nazarenko Yu.S. Method and device for ion acceleration in Hall type plasma accelerators. Patent RU No. 2196397, IPC Н05Н 1/54, F03H 1/00, publ. January 10, 2003]. Isotope ions are transported to the separation region of the vacuum volume, where they create an inhomogeneous magnetic field - a direct current field with magnetic induction

and magnetic field strength defined by the equation:

Where:

r is the radius at which the magnetic field strength is determined,

I is the magnitude of the current

c is the speed of light.

Isotope ions are introduced into the separation region in the direction of the radius to the separator axis, where isotope ions in the presence of a magnetic field move along Larmor trajectories with a changing Larmor radius ρ _n defined at each point, for example, k, the trajectory according to the formula:

,

,

Where:

V _n is the speed of the nth isotope ion,

M _n is the mass of the nth isotope ion.

In the region of the maximum magnetic field near the surface of the current lead, the ions change the direction of their movement in the opposite direction - they begin to move from the separator axis. To eliminate stray differences in the ion flux in space due to the occurrence of a space charge as the plasma stream moves, the space charge of the plasma stream is compensated using a tracking electron source. During movement in the separation area, isotope ions are separated by mass and collected at isotope ion receivers located at distances, the value of which is determined by the formula:

r _maxn = a exp (V ₀ M _n C ² / eI),

Where:

a is the radius of the current lead,

V ₀ is the initial velocity of isotope ions,

e is the electron charge.

Figure 3 shows, for example, the trajectory of isotope ions of three masses M ₁ : M ₂ : M ₃ = 1: 1.05: 1.1. The numbers on the curves are the values of the parameter R = eI / (V ₀ Mc ² ). The coordinates are normalized to the maximum sweep of the trajectories r _max at R = 0.3. Starting point: r ₀ = 20, z ₀ = 0 (the movement begins to the axis of the device; the section of movement to the axis is not visible due to the large scale of the movement as a whole).

To implement the method, a device is proposed for separating isotopes with a circular release of an ion beam — an electromagnetic plasma mass separator containing a plasma accelerator 1 (source of isotope ions), a permanent magnet 2, a gap of the magnetic circuit with a transverse magnetic field 3 (within the scope of the claimed device), receivers separated isotope ions 4 located in the separating volume, a source of tracking electrons 5 located in the separating volume, a current conductor with a current of 6; the letter “I” denotes the trajectories of the movement of isotope ions of three masses.

The device operates as follows.

In the gap of the magnetic circuit 3 of the plasma accelerator 1 with an annular plasma flow outlet using, for example, permanent magnets 2, a magnetic field transverse to the accelerating voltage is created, which ensures a closed electron drift and the operation of the plasma accelerator 1. The plasma stream enters the region of the maximum magnetic field near the current conductor 6 and changes the direction of its movement to the opposite - it begins to move from the axis of the mass separator (device for separating isotopes). In the separating space, isotope ions of different masses move along the “I” trajectories and fall on the receivers of the separated isotope ions, which are located on the collection line defined by the equation:

Where:

M ₀ - average (central) mass of the isotope ion,

E ₀ - injection energy,

r _L0 is the Larmor radius of the central mass isotope ion.

The distance between the receivers of isotopes of different masses is equal to:

.

.

In the separation field, in order to compensate for the space charge in the isotope ion stream, electrons are generated from the tracking electron source 5.

в данном случае обусловлено использованием неоднородного магнитного поля, спадающего обратно пропорционально радиусу траектории иона изотопа, и расположением приемников ионов изотопов на расстояниях r_maxn, равных максимальному удалению от точки старта каждого из ионов изотопов.High mass resolution

in this case, it is due to the use of an inhomogeneous magnetic field that decreases inversely with the radius of the trajectory of the isotope ion, and the location of the receivers of isotope ions at distances r _maxn equal to the maximum distance from the start point of each of the isotope ions.

The high productivity of producing isotopes using the proposed electromagnetic plasma mass separator is ensured by the use of a plasma accelerator as an ion source, in which there is no limitation on the current of the isotope ion beam by its own space charge, and by using a tracking electron source.

The universality of the proposed electromagnetic plasma mass separator is ensured by the use of a separate inhomogeneous magnetic field and the collection of separated isotope ions at individual receivers.

Claims (2)

1. A method for separating isotopes, including supplying a working substance containing a mixture of n isotopes in a gaseous state to a plasma accelerator, ionizing the mixture in the ionization zone and accelerating isotope ions in the acceleration zone to an energy of several hundred eV, releasing isotope ions in a quasi-neutral plasma stream through the gap in the accelerator’s magnetic circuit, in which the conditions for a closed azimuthal electron drift are created, characterized in that the plasma accelerator is performed with an annular outflow of isotope ion flow in the direction eniyu to the longitudinal axis of the accelerator, in the separation area create azimuthal non-uniform magnetic field with the magnetic induction

and magnetic field strength defined by the equation:

where r is the radius at which the magnetic field is determined, m,
I is the magnitude of the current, A,
s is the speed of light, m / s,
they separate the isotope ions by mass in a magnetic field, compensate for the space charge of the ion flux using a source of tracking electrons, and separate the separated isotope ions to individual receivers. 2. A device for separating isotopes containing a plasma accelerator, a magnet, a gap of a magnetic circuit with a transverse magnetic field, receivers of separated isotope ions located in a separating volume, characterized in that the plasma accelerator is made with an annular release of isotope ions towards the longitudinal axis of the accelerator, receivers Separated isotope ions are located on the isotope ion collection line defined by the equation:

where M ₀ is the average (central) mass of the isotope ion, kg,
M is the mass of the isotope ion, kg,

E ₀ - injection energy, J,
r _L0 - Larmor radius of the isotope ion of central mass, m,
r _maxn = a · exp (V ₀ M _n c ² / eI) is the maximum distance at which the isotope ions in the separation region, m,
where a is the radius of the current lead, m,
V ₀ - initial velocity of isotope ions, m / s,
M _n is the mass of the n-th isotope, kg,
e is the electron charge, C,
while the collections of separated isotope ions are spaced from each other by a distance d _ln defined by the equation:

.

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