RU2404272C1 - Device for simultaneous obtaining of heat-resistant, metallic and non-metallic materials and distillates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: device includes reactor-separator, side feeders with channels, pelleting machine and heat exchange devices of the first, second and third stage. At that, reactor-separator is made in the form of cylindrical chamber with hollow rod electrode with heat exchange elements, channel for evacuation of exhaust gases and distillates and electromagnetic coil. Heat exchange device of the first stage is made in the form of drum mixer for simultaneous drying and heating of raw charge to temperature of more than 100°C with hot clinker supplied from pelleting machine. Heat exchange device of the second stage for supply of heated raw charge is made in the form of hollow housing enveloping cylindrical reactor chamber. And heat exchange device of the third stage is made in the form of plasmotron-heat calcinator equipped with overloading flanges or conveying screw for raw charge passage when orifice gas is supplied, and heat exchange device of the first stage is made in the form of drum mixer.

EFFECT: excluding heat losses to atmosphere, maximum use of energy of exothermic reactions, minimum consumption of power resources required for clinker formation, considerable increase of efficiency of reactor and quality of cement clinkers.

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Description

The invention relates to electric arc plasma separator reactors for the simultaneous production of refractory metallic and non-metallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of artificial binder clinkers having a high degree of melt viscosity and related non-ferrous metals, and can be used in cement, chemical industry and metallurgy.

The invention can significantly reduce energy consumption due to drying and heating of the raw material mixture, using the heat of the clinker and the reactor itself, maximizing the efficiency of all equipment, drastically increasing the performance of the reactor-separator and the quality of fused clinkers, eliminating the cyclical nature of the work.

The present invention relates to devices for the simultaneous production of refractory metallic and non-metallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of artificial binder clinkers, for example cement clinker, having a high degree of melt viscosity and related metal alloys, and can be used in the cement industry.

A device for melting a material, mainly cement clinker, containing a chamber, integral horizontal rod electrodes, openings for introducing waste and steam, an opening for discharging exhaust gases is known. RF patent №157060 C2, Н05В 7/00 dated 12/15/1998

The disadvantages of this device are the low resource of the plasma torch (erosion of the electrodes), low productivity of the unit when using industrial waste, the cyclical nature of the work and the high consumption of energy resources.

Known plasma reactor for melting a material, mainly cement clinker, including a cylindrical chamber, hollow rod electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper cover, holes for introducing reagents in the chamber vault and outlet in the hearth, two electromagnetic coils covering the chamber and located one above the other by its height. Patent No. 2213792, С22В 9/22, F27B 14/04 dated 10/10/2003.

The disadvantages of this method are the rapid wear of the electrodes and the need to stop the unit to replace them.

Known plasma reactor for melting a material, mainly cement clinker, including a water-cooled cylindrical chamber, rod hollow graphite electrodes passing into the chamber through the top cover, four side feeders and one upper feeder for introducing the raw material charge, an electromagnetic coil, a longitudinal, hollow, internally cooled raw material, a partition that divides the camera into two equal parts and has horizontal slit openings for the exit of the material and create an additional garrison the same hole and an opening for the arc, located above the surface of the melt rotating in the horizontal plane to evacuate solid raw materials from under the electrodes and move it to the arc burning zone, openings for removing the finished material. Patent No. 2277598, СВВ 9/22, F27B 14/04 dated 11/11/2004.

The disadvantage of this invention is the low reliability of the partition.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a plasma thermal decarbonizer reactor-separator for simultaneous production of a melt of refractory non-metallic materials and metallic materials and sublimates, containing a cylindrical chamber, rod hollow electrodes, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates, an electromagnetic coil, side feeders with channels to enter part of the heated raw material and / or create a skull on the lining in the form of conical slopes at the border of the mirror a melt, a granulator for cooling and granulating a melt of refractory non-metallic materials to produce clinker, heat exchangers of the first and second stages for transferring and returning heat to the production process. Patent RU 2354724 C2 dated January 16, 2007

The disadvantages of this invention are the technological difficulties of the cooled clinker and heated raw materials in the first stage of heat transfer, as well as the reduction in this regard of the quality of the resulting finished clinker.

The basis of the present invention is the elimination of heat loss to the environment, the maximum use of the energy of exothermic reactions, the minimum energy consumption necessary for clinker formation, a significant increase in the productivity of the device for the simultaneous production of refractory metal and nonmetallic materials and sublimates and the quality of cement clinkers.

According to the invention, the problem is solved in that the device for simultaneously producing a melt of refractory metallic and nonmetallic materials and sublimates contains a channel for supplying fire-liquid slag located in the upper lid of the reactor chamber, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates, an electromagnetic coil creating a rotation of the melt in a horizontal plane for the evacuation of raw materials from under the electrodes and moving it to the arc burning zone, side feeders with channels for entering part of the heated cheese material and / or creating a skull on the lining in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror, a channel for outputting melts of refractory non-metallic materials, located in the side wall at a distance of 1/3 of the height from the chamber vault, also contains a granulator for cooling and granulating the melt of refractory non-metallic materials, openings for the output of melts of related metal materials, located in the bottom of the chamber, three heat exchangers of the first, second and third stages for transmission and return heat input to the production process, the first stage heat exchanger being made in the form of a two-chamber drum mixer for simultaneous drying and heating of the feed mixture to t 100-110 ° C with hot clinker coming from the granulator and further transferring the heated charge to the second stage heat exchanger, and the heat exchange device of the second stage is made in the form of a hollow body, covering the cylindrical chamber of the reactor and heating the raw material charge to t 360-400 ° C, the heat exchange device of the third stage is made in the form of At the same time, the temperature of the raw mixture at this stage rises to 800-900 ° C, as well as additional small electrodes immersed in the melt and installed in the side walls of the cylindrical chamber at a distance of 3 / 4 from the camera arch.

A device for the simultaneous production of refractory metallic and nonmetallic materials and sublimates includes a second stage heat exchanger 1, which is a cylindrical chamber around the reactor vessel and consisting of an internal bearing part, an external part of the lined housing and a filler (raw material charge) of the cavity, which during continuous operation of feeders 2 and 3 moves from the top to the bottom. The heat exchanger 1 of the second stage covers a cylindrical chamber around the outer continuous reactor vessel to transfer heat from the reactor vessel with a temperature of 360-400 ° С to the raw material charge, channel 4 for evacuating the exhaust gases and sublimates, openings 5 in the bottom for removing molten metal materials from the chamber , an electromagnetic coil 6, creating a horizontal rotation of the melt to evacuate the raw materials from under the heat exchanger of the third stage of the plasma torch-thermal decarbonizer 7 with a conveying screw, through The plasma-forming and transporting gas (argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide) is supplied and it is moved to the arc burning zone, in which the temperature of the raw material charge rises to 800-900 ° С, while the raw material charge passes from the plasma torch-decarbonizer and enters the plasma melt passes the stage of thermal shock, channel 8 for the output of a lighter binder (refractory non-metallic materials), seven side feeders 9 (1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6', 7 ') with channels for introducing a part heated raw charge, in the cavity of the heat exchanger 1 of the second stage, with raw material charge into the combustion zone of the reactor and creating a skull 10 on the lining in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror and, if necessary, when reversing the feeders, feeding heated material through a plasma torch-thermal decarbonizer to the reactor chamber 11. The clinker melt granulator is mounted under the reactor for cooling and granulation a melt of refractory non-metallic materials, made in the form of a rotating plate 12, cooled from the inside, a rotating drum mixer 13, which is a heat exchanger of the first stage, for of heat transfer and transfer from a pre-granulated clinker with a temperature of 1000-1200 ° С to a raw material charge with simultaneous drying and heating of a raw material charge to a temperature above 100 ° С, which is supplied through a feeder 14 to the cavity of the heat exchanger 1 of the second stage, fire-liquid slag with a temperature over 1800 ° C is fed by a feeder through a graphite channel 15 located in the upper chamber lid, two rods 16 pass through which the reactor is started, additional small electrodes 17 serve as main electrodes on ent replacement of the latter.

A device for the simultaneous production of refractory metallic and non-metallic materials and sublimates works as follows.

The reactor is powered through a third-stage heat exchanger of the plasma torch-thermal decarbonizer 7 using a raw material mixture heated to 360-400 ° C. The raw material charge is initially heated in a first-stage heat exchanger, which is a continuous double-chamber drum mixer 13, containing a shell with loading and unloading holes for heating the raw material charge and simultaneously cooling the clinker and serving to transfer heat from the clinker with a temperature of 1000-1200 ° С for the raw material charge with a temperature of 5-20 ° C, the charge is heated to 100-110 ° C. Clinker is obtained in the reactor from a clinker melt, which is poured onto a granulator 12 for heat recovery and granulation. The granulator 12 is made in the form of a rotating water-cooled inside plate, when hit, the resulting clinker is discarded by means of centrifugal force onto stationary plates, and crushing occurs. Then, the selected mixture heated to 100-110 ° C is continuously fed by the feeder 14 into the cavity of the cylindrical chamber around the reactor vessel, which serves as the heat exchanger 1 of the second stage. The feed mixture enters the hollow body through feeders 2 and 3, cools the walls of the reactor, while it is heated to 360-400 ° С and by side feeders 9 (1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6', 7 ') is introduced through channels located in the walls of the body at an angle of 90 ° on one horizontal plane relative to each other, into the reactor on the melt surface to create a skull lining of the material itself at the boundary of the melt mirror, resulting in a skull 10 in the form of conical slopes on molten mirror, thereby excluding thermochemical corrosion of the foot rovki. When reversing feeders 9 (1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6', 7 '), a raw material charge heated to 360-400 ° C using feeder 18 is fed through a plasma torch-thermal decarbonizer 7 into the reactor chamber while the temperature of the mixture reaches 800 ° C. The raw material charge heated to 800–900 ° C, which is introduced, contains, in the calculated amount, chemical compounds that provide artificial binders, for example, cement clinker, when melted.

When using waste materials, for example, chemical industries, as well as metallurgical industry waste in the form of liquid-liquid slag, they contain a certain amount of non-ferrous metals. Flame-liquid slag with a temperature above 1800 ° C is fed by a feeder through a graphite channel 15 located in the wall of the reactor chamber. At the same time, additional heat is supplied, sharply reducing energy costs and increasing the productivity of the reactor and the quality of cement clinkers.

When the melt rises above the coil 6, voltage is applied to its winding. The walls of the chamber are made of non-magnetic material. The electromagnetic field generated as a result of the passage of current through the coil acts on the melt, which in the liquid state becomes conductive. Due to this, the melt rotates in the horizontal plane to evacuate solid raw materials from under the plasma torch-thermal decarbonizer and move it in one direction to the arc burning zone and to channel 8 to withdraw lighter binder (refractory non-metallic materials). As a result of mixing the melt due to the rotating magnetic field generated by the three-phase coil, the melt is homogenized. The mixing speed is set by changing the frequency of the alternating current and is regulated depending on the viscosity of the melt, and the latter on its temperature. When melting the mixture to obtain a cement clinker, which contains a small amount of rare metals, some of them whose melting point is slightly higher than the clinker melt (except for tungsten and molybdenum) are deposited in the bottom of the chamber above holes 5 and are periodically released into the molds. The deposition of metals is due to the fact that their density is at least twice as high as clinker melt.

Pairs of easily combustible rare metals (for example, lithium), together with carbon dioxide released as a result of decarbonization of the carbonate components of the clinker charge, are evacuated by the vacuum created in channel 4, into special separation devices where metal oxide pairs are condensed, and carbon dioxide can be used to receiving dry ice. Sublimates of metal oxides are transferred for further processing to obtain a conditioned product. Thus, the proposed device due to its compactness, the use of a continuous production process, heating the raw material charge moving in the cavity of the housing and cooling the walls of the reactor, cooling the clinker with the same raw material charge, minimizes energy consumption, significantly increases the productivity of the reactor, and improves the quality of the clinker and along with this it allows to obtain by-products in the form of their melt and sublimates.

Claims (1)

A device for the simultaneous production of refractory metallic and nonmetallic materials and sublimates containing a reactor separator made in the form of a cylindrical chamber with a rod hollow electrode with heat exchange elements, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates and an electromagnetic coil to create a rotation of the melt in a horizontal plane to evacuate raw materials from under the electrode and moving it to the arc burning zone, side feeders with channels for entering part of the heated raw material and / or create a skull on the lining in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror, channels for removing melts of refractory non-metallic and metallic materials made in the bottom of the chamber, a granulator for cooling and granulating a melt of refractory non-metallic materials to produce clinker, a first-stage heat exchanger for simultaneous drying and heating raw material charge to a temperature above 100 ° C with a hot clinker coming from a granulator, a second-stage heat exchange device for further transferring heat a raw feed mixture and made in the form of a hollow body covering the cylindrical chamber of the reactor, characterized in that it further comprises a third-stage heat exchanger made in the form of a plasma torch-thermal decarbonizer equipped with overflow shelves or a conveying screw for passing the raw material charge when supplying plasma-forming gas for accelerated decarbonization and maximum heat transfer between the electric arc and the raw material charge, the temperature of which reaches 800-900 ° C, and the heat exchange device The property of the first stage is made in the form of a drum mixer.