RU2496299C1 - Method of harvesting corn for silage and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture and can be used for harvesting corn for silage. The harvesting method includes mowing with the mower of corn stalks in a phase of the grain milky-wax ripeness with laying of the stalks in a roll. The mower with a power unit moves at a speed of 12-15 km/h. Picking up of windrow is carried out by the pick-up, the stalks are fed for chopping to supply-chopping machine, and the crushed mass is sent to confusor of the silage duct and then to its own storage hopper or container of the vehicle. The mower comprises a beam 1, a hinge 3, a drive 4 and side walls 5 with outside dividers 6. The curved part of the divisors 6 is made along the Archimedes spiral. On the beam 1 a rotary cutting unit 2 is mounted, and the side walls 6 are tapered on the side opposite the direction of motion. Pick-up comprises a frame, a picking-up drum, a clamping device and a screw. The clamping device is made in the form of a comb roll, mounted on ends of supports at the entire width of the pick-up. The comb roll has a drive, and its degree of influence on the stalks of corn is regulated by hydraulic cylinders.

EFFECT: use of the group of inventions provides for maximum collection of biomass in the presence of small stones on the field.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods for harvesting corn for silage and devices for its implementation.

A known method of harvesting corn according to copyright certificate No. 1565395, IPC A01D 91/04, 45/02, including cutting the upper parts of the stalks above the cobs in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of grain with simultaneous deformation of the slice with the message of residual deformation and implementation of the subsequent grain at full ripeness cutting the lower parts of the stems with separation of the cobs, as well as grinding and collecting leaf-stem mass.

The disadvantage of this method are:

1. Low productivity due to the fact that not the entire biological crop is harvested, but only its upper part in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of grain.

2. When an energy device passes through a field, its chassis compacts the aisles, disrupting the water-air regime of the soil for the remaining uncut part of the stems.

A device for implementing the method of harvesting corn according to copyright certificate No. 1565395, IPC A01D 91/04, 45/02, containing a highly cleared energy tool, on which a header for cutting the upper parts of the stems is mounted with a possibility of height adjustment, containing a cutting apparatus and transporting cut upper parts of the stems are a working body, such as a screw. Behind the working body there is a grinding-throwing apparatus in communication with a hopper for crushed leaf-stem mass.

To ensure deformation of the lower part of the stem at the cut point, the header is equipped with a device for deformation installed under the cutting apparatus.

The disadvantage of this device are:

1. When the energy means passes through the field when cutting the upper part of the stems in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of the grain, the aisles are compacted, and the water-air regime of the soil for the remaining uncut part of the stems is violated.

2. The design of the device is complex and unreliable: the operation of the cutting apparatus cutting the upper part of the stems is doubtful. Without affecting the stem from above and against movement, the upper part of the stem may not reach the auger for transportation to the chopping-throwing apparatus, that is, there is a case of a process violation.

3. Highly cleansed energy product is intended only for cutting the upper parts of the stems ("crushing the tops") and is not used anywhere else.

So - unprofitable.

Also known is a method of harvesting corn for silage, including operations: mowing the adapter (header) of the plant mass, feeding it to a feed-chopping apparatus, chopping, discharging into a confuser, and then to a nearby transport vehicle or to its own storage hopper (Patent RU No. 2095962, IPC A01 43/08).

The disadvantages of this method:

1. If there are small stones on the field, a low cut is not ensured due to their ingestion together with the mass in the feeding and grinding apparatus (the metal detector does not respond to stones).

In this regard, biomass losses sharply increase due to an increase in the height of the cut. In addition, small stones falling into the chopper cause breakage of the drum knives and, as a result, the harvester stops, reducing its productivity.

A device for harvesting corn for silage, for example, a self-propelled caterpillar forage harvester (patent RU No. 2095962, IPC A01 43/08), comprising a removable adapter (header or picker), caterpillar mover, feeding and grinding apparatus with a silo conduit consisting of a confuser, upper frame with guides on which a carriage with guides is installed and curved bells with a side silo located to each other at an angle of 90 °.

The disadvantage of this self-propelled caterpillar forage harvester are:

1. Increased losses behind the header, for example, due to the impact of the reel strips on the cobs, which partially come off and fall to the ground.

2. If there are small stones on the field with a cutting device, as well as a reel in the feeding and grinding machine, they fall together with the stalks of corn and cause breakage of the knives of the grinding drum, reducing the performance of the combine due to its stops.

With an increase in the cutting height, in order to avoid the ingress of small stones into the feeding and grinding apparatus, the biological losses of mass and corn also increase.

The purpose of the invention:

To increase the productivity and the maximum collection of the biological mass of corn for silage in the phase of milk-wax ripeness, especially if there are small stones on the field.

The specified goal is achieved:

a) a method of harvesting corn for silage, including mowing corn stalks in the phase of milk-wax ripeness at speeds of the power plant with a mower 12-15 km / h, stacking them in a roll and subsequent selection from the roll with a picker, feeding the stems to a feed-grinding machine, grinding , discharge into the confuser of the silo line and further into its own storage hopper or capacity of a nearby vehicle.

b) a mower for harvesting corn on a silo, including a beam on which a rotary cutting apparatus, a linkage, a drive and sidewalls with field dividers are installed, the curvilinear part of which is made in a spiral of Archimedes

r = aφ, where:

r - radius - vector;

φ is the angle of rotation;

a - step of the spiral;

and the sidewalls are narrowed from the side opposite to the direction of movement for swathing, while the working speed of the power tool with the mower is 12-15 km / h;

c) a corn picker for silage harvesting that includes a frame, a picking drum, auger, hydraulic cylinders and a clamping device made in the form of a comb roller mounted on the ends of supports along the entire width of the pickup pivotally mounted at the other end on the frame, while the comb roller is provided with a drive, and the hydraulic cylinders are pivotally mounted at one end on the frame and the other on the supports between the articulated support support on the frame and the comb roller.

Thus, the claimed "method of harvesting corn for silage and a device for its implementation" meets the criterion of "Novelty."

Signs distinguishing the claimed technical solution from the prototype in other technical solutions of this technical field are not identified, which allows us to conclude that the claimed "method of harvesting corn for silage and a device for its implementation" meets the criterion of "significant differences".

In FIG. 1 shows a mower top view;

in FIG. 2 - the same, side view, left;

in FIG. 3 - pick-up, side view, left;

in FIG. 4 - same, top view.

The method of harvesting corn for silage includes: mowing corn stalks in the phase of milk-wax ripeness at speeds of the power tool with a mower 12-15 km / h with laying them in a roll and subsequent selection of the roll with a picker, feeding the stems to the feed-grinding apparatus, grinding, discharge into silo confuser and further to its own storage hopper or to the nearby vehicle’s capacity, which improves productivity and maximizes the collection of maize biological mass for silage, especially if there are small stones.

The inventive mower for harvesting corn on a silo (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) includes a beam 1 on which a rotary cutting device 2, a linkage 3, a drive 4 and sidewalls 5 with field dividers 6 are installed, the curvilinear part 7 of which is made in a spiral Archimedes r = aφ, where:

r - radius - vector;

φ is the angle of rotation;

a - step of the spiral;

and the sidewalls 5 are narrowed from the side opposite to the direction of movement for swathing, while the working speed of the power tool with the mower is 12-15 km / h.

The inventive picker for harvesting corn for silage (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) includes a frame 8, a picking drum 9, a screw 10, hydraulic cylinders 11 and a clamping device made in the form of a comb roller 12 mounted on the ends of supports 13 over the entire width of the pick-up, articulated secured by the other end to the frame 8, while the comb roller 12 is provided with a drive 14, and the hydraulic cylinders 11 are pivotally mounted at one end on the frame 8 and the other on the supports 13 between the articulated support 15 of the support 13 on the frame 8 and the comb roller 12.

A mower for harvesting corn on a silo (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), mounted on an energy facility using a linkage 3 through a drive 4, operates as follows:

When moving the power tool with a mower at a speed of 12-15 km / h, dividers 6, the curvilinear part 7 of which is made in a spiral of Archimedes r = aφ

Where

r - radius - vector;

φ is the angle of rotation;

a - step of the spiral;

provide separation of the stalks of corn and directing them on the target between dividers 6.

Due to the working speed of the power tool with a corn mower for harvesting silage 12-15 km / h, the 2 stalks of corn cut by the rotary cutting device 2 will fall backward, in the direction of travel, onto the beam 1 between the sidewalls 5, narrowed from the side opposite to the direction of travel, forming a roll , which is selected using a pick-up mounted on a self-propelled chopper, for example, a self-propelled tracked forage harvester according to patent RU No. 2095962, IPC A01 43/08 instead of a header for harvesting corn (removable adapter) (not shown in Fig.).

When moving a self-propelled caterpillar forage harvester picking drum 9 will raise the stalks of corn and direct them to the screw 10.

A comb roller 12, mounted at the ends of the supports 13, pivotally attached to the other end on the frame 8, having a drive 14 will facilitate the movement of the corn stalks to the screw 10.

The hydraulic cylinders 11, pivotally mounted at one end on the frame 8, and the other on the supports 13 between the pivot support 15 of the support 13 on the frame 8 and the comb roller 12, allow you to change the degree of impact of the comb roller 12 on the corn stalks from above.

The application of the proposed method of harvesting corn for silage and a device for its implementation will improve productivity, as well as the maximum collection of biological mass of corn for silage in the phase of milk-wax ripeness, especially in the presence of small stones on the field, as well as maintaining the operability of the chopping drum knives.

Claims (3)

1. A method of harvesting corn for silage, including mowing corn stalks in the phase of milk-wax ripeness at speeds of the power tool with a mower 12-15 km / h with laying them in a roll and subsequent selection of the roll with a picker, feeding the stems to a feed-grinding apparatus, grinding, discharge into the confuser of the silo line and further into its own storage hopper or capacity of a nearby vehicle. 2. A mower for harvesting corn on a silo according to claim 1, including a beam on which a rotary cutting apparatus, a linkage, a drive and sidewalls with field dividers are installed, the curvilinear part of which is made in a spiral of Archimedes
r = aφ
where r is the radius vector;
φ is the angle of rotation;
a is the step of the spiral,
and the sidewalls are narrowed from the side opposite to the direction of movement for swathing, while the working speed of the power tool with the mower is 12-15 km / h. 3. The picker for harvesting corn on the silo according to claim 1, including a frame, a picking drum, auger, hydraulic cylinders and a clamping device made in the form of a comb roller mounted on the ends of supports along the entire width of the pickup pivotally mounted at the other end on the frame, the comb roller is provided with a drive, and the hydraulic cylinders are pivotally mounted at one end on the frame and the other on the supports between the articulated support support on the frame and the comb roller.

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