RU2495324C1 - Industrial power boiler, method of operation and control system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: fuel and air is supplied into a burner, burnt in a firing hood, to which the burner adjoins, to create combustion products, afterwards combustion products are removed from the firing hood into an afterburning chamber, in which air is supplied into the combustion products with subsequent separation of combustion products into two flows. The first flow of combustion products is supplied to a heating surface, with subsequent heat removal from combustion products, afterwards the first flow of combustion products is removed from the afterburning chamber into the nozzle of combustion products discharge. The discharge of the second flow of combustion products from the afterburning chamber is carried out into a bypass, with subsequent removal of combustion products from the bypass into the nozzle of combustion products discharge and additional air supply into the second flow. Also composition and temperature of combustion products that are inside the nozzle of combustion products discharge, are monitored.

EFFECT: reduced temperature load at a bypass, expanded range of load at an industrial power boiler, stabilisation of temperature and composition of combustion products.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

APPLICATION AREA

The present invention relates to energy and can be used in the development and operation of boiler equipment, such as energy-technology boilers.

In more detail, the present invention relates to energy technology boilers for burning fuel with the formation of combustion products that are used for a specific production line, for example, a production line of sulfate production.

KNOWN LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY

It is known that energy-technology boilers are used to burn fuel with the formation of combustion products, which in turn are raw materials used in the production line, for example, the production line of sulfate production.

So, an energy-technology boiler is known, which includes,

a) at least one burner adjacent to at least one pipe for supplying fuel and at least one pipe for supplying air,

b) at least one combustion chamber adjacent to said burner,

c) at least one afterburner chamber in which at least one heating surface is located, wherein said combustion chamber and at least one air inlet to the afterburner are adjacent to the lower part of the afterburner, and the upper part of the afterburning chamber adjoins at least one pipe of combustion products, designed to divert the first flow of combustion products from the afterburner to the pipe of combustion products,

d) at least one bypass for discharging a second stream of combustion products from said afterburning chamber to said branch pipe of combustion products.

A design feature of the aforementioned energy-technology boiler is that the bypass is adjacent to the afterburner and to the exhaust pipe in the adjoining zone of the said exhaust pipe to the afterburner. At the same time, a bypass regulator for the supply of combustion products is installed. For example, energy-technology boilers in which the bypass is adjacent to the afterburner and to the exhaust pipe, can include energy-technology boilers of the type KS-200 VTKU (see "Heat-recovery boilers and energy-technology", "Vishka shkola", Kiev, 1983, pg. 53-57 p.).

The disadvantages of the famous energy technology boiler are:

- large metal bypass;

- a large temperature load on the bypass, which operates at temperature loads of 1000-1200 ° C;

- low efficiency of the energy-technology boiler with variable loads, especially at maximum and minimum loads;

- low efficiency of the energy-technology boiler associated with maintaining a given composition, temperature and volume of combustion products that leave the branch pipe of the combustion products of the energy-technology boiler further along the production line;

- low reliability of the control of the supply of combustion products located in the bypass, due to the fact that the bypass operates at temperature loads of 1000-1200 ° C;

- a limited range of loads on the energy technology boiler in the range of 70-100%.

Also, for example, an energy-technology boiler is known (type СЕТА-Ц-100-1, see “Steam Boilers for Exhaust Gases”, under the editorship of A.P. Voinov, “Vishka Shkola”, Kiev, 1983, p. .130-134 p.), Which contains,

a) at least one burner adjacent to at least one fuel supply pipe and at least one air supply pipe,

b) at least one combustion chamber adjacent to said burner,

c) at least one afterburner chamber in which at least one heating surface is located, wherein said combustion chamber and at least one air inlet to the afterburner are adjacent to the lower part of the afterburner, and the upper part of the afterburning chamber adjoins at least one pipe of combustion products, designed to divert the first flow of combustion products from the afterburner to the pipe of combustion products,

d) at least one bypass for discharging a second stream of combustion products from said afterburning chamber to said branch pipe of combustion products.

A design feature of the above energy technology boiler is that the bypass is located in the afterburner in the area of the heating surface. In this case, the bypass is a pipe made of an expensive titanium alloy for operation of the bypass at temperatures of 1000-1200 ° C. The flue gas supply regulator is a valve adjacent to the rod, with the help of which the flue gas supply regulator is located, located in the bypass.

The disadvantages of the famous energy technology boiler are:

- high costs associated with the use of expensive materials in the production of bypass;

- low reliability of the control of the supply of combustion products located in the bypass, which is due to the fact that the bypass operates at high temperatures of 1000-1200 ° C;

- low efficiency of the energy-technology boiler with variable loads, especially at maximum and minimum loads;

- low efficiency of the energy-technology boiler associated with maintaining a given composition, temperature and volume of combustion products, which depart from the branch pipe of the combustion products of the energy-technology boiler along the production line;

- a limited range of loads on the energy technology boiler in the range of 75-100%.

The method of operation of the above energy technology boilers is that they carry out:

a) supplying fuel and air to at least one burner,

b) burning said fuel and air in at least one combustion chamber adjacent to said burner to form combustion products in said combustion chamber,

c) withdrawing said combustion products from the combustion chamber to at least one afterburner,

d) supplying air to the combustion products located in said afterburner, with further separation of the combustion products into two streams,

e) supplying a first stream of combustion products to at least one heating surface, followed by heat removal from the combustion products, after which a first stream of combustion products is removed from said afterburning chamber into a pipe for exhausting combustion products,

f) withdrawing a second stream of combustion products from the afterburner to at least one bypass, followed by removal of the combustion products from said bypass into said branch pipe of the combustion products,

g) control of the composition and temperature of the combustion products located in the pipe of combustion products.

The disadvantage of this method is that when using the method it is impossible to maintain stable values of the composition and temperature of the combustion products, which depart from the energy technological boiler further along the production line.

Another disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of the energy-technology boiler at variable loads, especially at maximum and minimum loads, while the load range on the energy-technology boiler is in the range from 70 to 100%.

A disadvantage of the known method is that high-temperature combustion products enter the bypass, which leads to the continuous operation of the bypass at high temperatures (1000-1200 ° C) and to a decrease in the reliability of the bypass and the controller located in the bypass. Also, bypass operation at high temperatures leads to increased costs associated with the development and operation of the bypass.

Another disadvantage is that the use of the known method leads to low efficiency of the energy-technological boiler with variable loads, especially at maximum and minimum loads on the energy-technological boiler.

Using the known method ensures the efficient operation of an energy-technology boiler in the range of 70-100%.

Using the known method does not provide control of the temperature load on the bypass.

When using energy-technology boilers of the prior art, it is impossible to maintain a constant composition and temperature of the combustion products that depart from the energy-technology boiler.

Modern methods of organizing production and logistics, taking into account the needs of the market for the manufactured product, lead to the fact that the production lines are constantly working under variable loads, therefore, well-known energy-technology boilers, methods and systems for their operation are ineffective.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method of operation of an energy-technology boiler, the use of which will ensure efficient and reliable operation of an energy-technology boiler with changing loads on an energy-technology boiler, especially with minimum and maximum loads on an energy-technology boiler.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide an energy-technology boiler, the use of which will ensure efficient and reliable operation of the energy-technology boiler, especially with minimum and maximum loads on the energy-technology boiler.

Another objective of the present invention is the development of a control system for the operation of an energy-technology boiler, the use of which will ensure efficient and reliable operation of an energy-technology boiler under varying loads, especially at minimum and maximum loads.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide an energy-technology boiler, a method for its operation, and a system for controlling its operation, which allow expanding the range of loads on an energy-technology boiler.

Another objective of the present invention is to reduce the temperature load on the bypass and increase the efficiency of its operation.

It is also an object of the present invention to control the temperature load on the bypass.

Another objective of the present invention is to expand the technical capabilities of energy technology boilers.

Other objectives and advantages of the present invention will be discussed below as the presentation of the present description and drawings.

METHOD OF WORK OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGICAL BOILER

According to the present invention, namely the method of operation of an energy-technology boiler, carry out:

a) supplying fuel and air to at least one burner,

b) burning said fuel and air in at least one combustion chamber adjacent to said burner to form combustion products in said combustion chamber,

c) withdrawing said combustion products from the combustion chamber to at least one afterburner,

d) supplying air to the combustion products located in said afterburner, with further separation of the combustion products into two streams,

e) supplying a first stream of combustion products to at least one heating surface followed by heat removal from the combustion products, after which a first stream of combustion products is removed from said afterburning chamber to a pipe for exhausting combustion products,

f) discharging a second stream of combustion products from the afterburner into at least one bypass, followed by exhausting the combustion products from said bypass into said branch pipe of the combustion products,

g) control of the composition and temperature of the combustion products located in the pipe of combustion products,

according to the claimed invention

h) additionally, air is supplied to said second stream of combustion products, which is discharged from the afterburner into bypass.

In a particular embodiment of the method, on the basis of data on the composition and temperature of the combustion products located in the branch pipe of the combustion products, as well as on the basis of the data on the fuel and air consumption that are supplied to the burner, the air flow supplied to the combustion products located in the afterburner is determined and / or into the second stream of combustion products, which is diverted from the afterburner to bypass, and also on the basis of the above-mentioned data, the flow rate of the second stream of combustion products, which is diverted from the afterburner, is determined aypas.

The air supply to the second stream of combustion products allows to reduce the temperature load on the bypass from 1200 ° C to 120 ° C and on the controller of the removal of combustion products installed in the bypass, which increases the efficiency and reliability of the bypass and the entire energy-technology boiler as a whole, and also reduces the metal content of the bypass, as a result of reducing the temperature load on the bypass. Also, reducing the temperature load on the bypass leads to the expansion of the range of effective loads on the energy technology boiler from 50 to 110%.

Also, the air supply to the second stream of combustion products and to the afterburner allows you to adjust the temperature load on the energy-technology boiler and allows you to maintain the necessary values of the composition and temperature of the combustion products, which are located in the pipe of the combustion products.

Also, the air supply to the second stream of combustion products ensures the efficient operation of the energy-technological boiler at maximum and minimum loads in the range of 50-110%, since at minimum loads the air supply to the second stream of combustion products ensures the removal of the required amount of combustion products from the energy-technological boiler, which is necessary for the technological lines, for example for technological sulfate production.

Determination on the basis of data on the composition and temperature of the combustion products that are discharged into the pipe for exhausting the products of combustion, as well as on the basis of data on the flow of fuel and air that enter the burner, the flow rate of air supplied to the combustion products that enter the afterburner and / or the second stream products of combustion, which is diverted from the afterburner to bypass, as well as the determination of the second stream of products of combustion, which is diverted from the afterburner to bypass, optimizes the thermal load on the rhnosti heating at maximum load operation energotechnological boiler, and to stabilize and adaptively adjust composition of the combustion products which are withdrawn in flue gases conduit and allows the temperature in the bypass.

The regulation of the air flow rate that is supplied to the combustion products located in the afterburner and to the second stream of combustion products allows maintaining stable temperature loads on the heating surface, which is especially important with a minimum load on an energy-technology boiler, and will also expand the operating range of loads on an energy-technology boiler .

ENERGY TECHNOLOGICAL BOILER

Also in accordance with the present invention, namely an energy-technology boiler, which includes:

a) at least one burner adjacent to at least one fuel supply pipe and at least one air supply pipe,

b) at least one combustion chamber adjacent to said burner,

c) at least one afterburner chamber in which at least one heating surface is located, wherein said combustion chamber and at least one air inlet to the afterburner are adjacent to the lower part of the afterburner, and the upper part of the afterburning chamber adjoins at least one pipe of combustion products, designed to divert the first flow of combustion products from the afterburner to the pipe of combustion products,

d) at least one bypass for discharging a second stream of combustion products from said afterburner into said branch pipe of combustion products, according to the claimed invention,

e) the energy-technology boiler contains at least one additional nozzle for supplying air to the second stream of combustion products, which is discharged from the afterburner into the bypass.

In a particular embodiment of the energy-technology boiler, the bypass is located in the afterburner, namely in the area of the heating surfaces.

In a particular embodiment of the energy-technology boiler, the bypass is adjacent to the afterburner and to the branch pipe for the combustion products in the adjoining zone of the branch pipe for the discharge of combustion products and the afterburner.

The presence of an additional air supply pipe adjacent to the bypass ensures the supply of air to the second stream of combustion products, which leaves the afterburner in the bypass. This allows you to reduce the temperature load on the bypass from 1200 ° C to 120 ° C and on the controller for the supply of combustion products installed in the bypass, and also allows you to adjust the temperature, composition and volume of combustion products.

Also, the presence of an additional air supply pipe to the afterburner provides air supply to the second stream of combustion products, which ensures efficient operation of the energy-technology boiler at maximum and minimum loads, since at minimum loads the air supply to the second part of the combustion products provides the necessary volume of exhaust products from the energy the boiler through the production line, for example, through the production line of sulfate production, and this also allows It is possible to expand the operating load range of an energy-technology boiler within 50-110%.

ENERGY TECHNOLOGICAL BOILER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

So, in accordance with the present invention, namely, a system for controlling the operation of an energy-technology boiler, which is characterized by:

a) the presence of at least one temperature sensor located in the exhaust pipe,

b) the presence of at least one gas analyzer located in said flue pipe,

c) the presence of at least one control unit connected at the inlet to the temperature sensor, a gas analyzer, an air regulator located in the nozzle for supplying air to the burner adjacent to the combustion chamber, and a fuel regulator located in the nozzle for supplying fuel to said a burner, and at the outlet said control unit is connected to at least one air supply regulator located in the air supply pipe to the combustion chamber, at least one combustion product supply regulator located in the bypass for discharging the second stream of combustion products from the combustion chamber to the pipe for exhausting combustion products and with at least one additional air supply regulator located in the additional pipe for supplying air to the bypass,

d) in this case, the control unit, on the basis of the obtained data on the temperature and composition of the combustion products, as well as data on the fuel and air consumption that enter the burner, determines the flow rate of air supplied to the combustion products located in the afterburner and / or in the second flow of combustion products

e) also on the basis of the mentioned data, the control unit determines the flow rate of the second stream of products of combustion, which is discharged from the combustion chamber to the bypass,

f) after which the control unit generates a control command about the flow of air supplied to the combustion products located in the combustion chamber and / or into the combustion products of the second stream of combustion products and / or generates a control command about the flow of the said second stream of combustion products,

g) wherein the control unit submits said control command about air flow to said air supply regulator located in the air supply pipe to the combustion chamber and / or to said additional air supply controller located in the additional air supply pipe to the bypass,

h) the control unit also sends a control command about the flow rate of the second stream of products of combustion to the said controller of supply of products of combustion located in the bypass.

The development by the control unit of the air flow control command, which is supplied to the combustion products located in the afterburner and to the second stream of combustion products, provides an operative adaptive transition of the energy-technological boiler to its optimal mode of operation under varying loads. The development of a command for controlling the flow rate of the second stream of combustion products, which is discharged from the afterburner to the bypass, allows expanding the range of loads on the energy technology boiler and allows increasing the efficiency of the energy technology boiler by determining the optimal amount of heat that is supplied to the heating surface.

Also, the use of the present invention allows to reduce the temperature load on the bypass from 1200 ° C to 120 ° C during its operation and on the flue gas exhaust gas regulator installed in the bypass, which increases the efficiency and reliability of the operation of the entire energy-technology boiler as a whole.

Also, the use of the present invention allows for the efficient operation of the energy-technology boiler at maximum and minimum loads, since at minimum loads the air supply to the second stream of combustion products ensures the removal of the required amount of combustion products from the energy-technology boiler, which is necessary for the production line, for example, for the production line of sulfate production. Also, maintaining a given volume of combustion products that are diverted from the energy-technology boiler contributes to its efficient operation.

Also, the regulation of the air supply to the afterburner and to the second stream of combustion products ensures the maintenance of a stable composition and temperature of the combustion products that leave the energy-technological boiler through the production line.

Also, the regulation of the air supply to the afterburner and to the second stream of combustion products ensures the maintenance of a stable composition and temperature of the combustion products that leave the energy-technological boiler. Regulation and control of the composition of the products of combustion that depart from the energy-technology boiler is important for the production line of sulfate production.

Another advantage of the present invention is that, depending on the characteristics of the fuel that is supplied to the burner, combustion products of different compositions are formed, however, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to change and maintain the required composition of the combustion products that depart from the energy-technology boiler.

Also, the regulation of the air supply to the afterburner and the second stream of combustion products, as well as the regulation of the flow rate of the second stream of combustion products ensures that the specified heat load is maintained on the heating surface, which leads to the efficient operation of the energy-technology boiler and efficient and long-term operation of the heating surfaces.

Also, the regulation of the air supply to the afterburner and the second stream of combustion products, as well as the regulation of the flow rate of the second stream of combustion products provides an extension of the range of workloads on the energy technology boiler from 70-100% to 50-110%.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

When considering embodiments of the present invention, narrow terminology is used. However, the present invention is not limited to the accepted terms and it should be borne in mind that each such term covers all equivalent elements that work in a similar way and are used to solve the same problems. So, the present invention is depicted in the following figures:

Figure 1 - diagram of an energy-technology boiler (first layout).

Figure 2 is a control diagram of the operation of the energy technological boiler shown in figure 1.

Figure 3 is a diagram of a power technology boiler (second layout option).

Figure 4 is a control diagram of the operation of the energy technology boiler shown in figure 3.

Figure 5 is a graph of the temperature of the combustion products located in the pipe outlet of the combustion products.

6 is a graph of the temperature load on the bypass.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 shows the first embodiment of an energy-technology boiler containing a burner 1 adjacent to the combustion chamber 2. At the same time, a fuel supply pipe 3 and an air supply pipe 4, which is also connected to the air manifold 5, are adjacent to the burner 1.

The energy-technological boiler also contains a afterburner 6, in which a heating surface 7 is located. Bypass 8, adjacent to the afterburner 6 and a branch pipe for exhaust products 9.

Also, to the lower part of the afterburning chamber 6 is adjacent an air supply pipe 10, which is also connected to the air manifold 5.

Also, the energy-technology boiler contains an additional pipe for supplying air 11 to the bypass 8, while the additional pipe for supplying air 11 is connected to the air manifold 5.

The energy-technological boiler also contains regulators 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ , 12 ₄ and 12 ₅ . In this case, the fuel supply regulator 12 ₁ is located in the fuel supply pipe 3 to the burner 1. The air supply regulator 12 ₂ is located in the air supply pipe 4 to the burner 1. The combustion product supply regulator 12 ₃ is located in the bypass 8. The air supply regulator 12 ₄ is located in the air supply pipe 10 to the afterburner 6. The additional air supply controller 12 ₅ is located in the additional air supply pipe 11 to the second combustion product stream, which leaves the afterburner 6 to the bypass 8.

Figure 1 also shows a temperature sensor 13 and a gas analyzer 14 located in the pipe of combustion products 9 in the area of abutment of the pipe of combustion products 9 to the upper part of the afterburner 6.

In this case, the temperature sensor 13 and the gas analyzer 14 are connected to the input of the control unit 15.

Also at the input, the control unit 15 is connected to the fuel supply regulator 12 ₁ to the burner 1 and connected to the air supply regulator 12 ₂ to the burner 1.

Also at the output, the control unit 15 is connected to the controller for supplying combustion products 12 ₃ located in the bypass 8, and to the controller for supplying air 12 ₄ to the afterburner with the regulator for additional supply of air 12 ₅ to the second stream of products of combustion, which leaves the afterburner 6 to bypass 8.

In Fig.2 shows a control circuit of the energy-technology boiler shown in Fig.1.

Position 13 shows a temperature sensor connected to the input of the control unit, shown at position 15. Data on the temperature of the combustion products, which are in the pipe exhaust of the combustion product 9, is received at the input of the control unit 15.

Position 14 shows a gas analyzer connected to the input of the control unit 15. Data on the composition of the products of combustion, which are located in the branch pipe of the products of combustion 9, are fed to the input of the control unit 15.

Position 12 ₁ shows the regulator of the fuel supply to the burner 1. Data on the fuel consumption, which is supplied to the burner 1, is received at the input of the control unit 15.

Position 12 ₂ shows the regulator of the air supply to the burner 1, connected to the input of the control unit 15. Data on the flow of air that is supplied to the burner 1, is received at the input of the control unit 15.

Position 12 ₃ shows the controller of the supply of combustion products, located in the bypass 8 and connected to the output of the control unit 15. Data on the flow rate of the second stream of products of combustion come from the control unit 15 to the controller of the supply of products of combustion 12 ₃ .

Position 12 ₄ shows the regulator of the air supply to the afterburner 6, connected to the output of the control unit 15. Data on the air flow enters the regulator of the air supply 12 ₄ from the control unit 15.

Position 12 ₅ shows the regulator for supplying air to the second stream of combustion products located in the nozzle of the supplementary air supply 11 to the bypass 8. In this case, data on the air flow enters the regulator of the additional air supply 11 from the control unit 15 to the regulator of the additional air supply 12 ₅ .

Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of an energy-technology boiler, in which the burner 21 is adjacent to the combustion chamber 22, while the nozzle for supplying fuel 23 and the nozzle for supplying air 24, which is also connected to the air manifold 25, are adjacent to the burner 21.

Also, the energy-technology boiler contains a afterburner 26, in which the heating surface 27 and the bypass 28 are located.

Also to the lower part of the afterburning chamber 26 is adjacent the air supply pipe 30, which is also connected to the air manifold 25.

Also, the energy-technology boiler contains an additional air supply pipe 31 to the bypass 28, while the additional air supply pipe 31 is connected to the air manifold 25.

Also, the energy-technological boiler contains an additional pipe for supplying air 31 to the bypass 28, while an additional pipe for supplying air 31 is connected to the air manifold 25 and is adjacent to the bypass 28.

Also, the energy-technological boiler contains regulators 32 ₁ , 32 ₂ , 32 ₃ , 32 ₄ and 32 ₅ . In this case, the fuel supply regulator 32 ₁ is located in the nozzle for supplying fuel 23 to the burner 21. The air supply regulator 32 ₂ is located in the nozzle for supplying air 24 to the burner 21. The fuel supply regulator 32 ₃ is located in the bypass 28. The air supply regulator 32 ₄ is located in the air supply pipe 30 to the afterburner 26. The air supply regulator 32 ₅ is located in the additional air supply pipe 31 to the second stream of combustion products, which comes from the afterburner 26 to the bypass 28.

Figure 3 also shows a temperature sensor 33 and a gas analyzer 34 located in the pipe of combustion products 29 in the abutment zone of the pipe of combustion products 29 to the upper part of the afterburner 26.

In this case, the temperature sensor 33 and the gas analyzer 34 are connected to the input of the control unit 35.

Also, the input of the control unit 35 is connected to the fuel supply regulator 32 ₁ to the burner 21 and connected to the air supply regulator 32 ₂ to the burner 21.

Also at the output, the control unit 35 is connected to the combustion product supply regulator 32 ₃ located in the bypass 28, to the air supply regulator 32 ₄ to the afterburner 26 and to the secondary air supply regulator 32 ₅ to the second combustion product stream, which leaves the afterburner 26 bypass 28.

In Fig.4 shows a control diagram of the operation of the energy technology boiler shown in Fig.3.

33 shows a temperature sensor connected to the input of the control unit shown at 35. Data on the temperature of the products of combustion, which are located in the branch pipe of the products of combustion 9, are fed to the input of the control unit 35.

Position 34 shows a gas analyzer connected to the input of the control unit 35. Data on the composition of the products of combustion, which are in the pipe of the outlet of the products of combustion 29, is received at the input of the control unit 35.

Position 32 ₁ shows the regulator of the fuel supply to the burner 21. Data on the fuel consumption, which is supplied to the burner 21, is fed to the input of the control unit 35.

Position 32 ₂ shows the regulator of the air supply to the burner 21, connected at the inlet to the control unit 35. Data on the flow of air that is supplied to the burner 21 is received at the input of the control unit 35.

Position 32 ₃ shows the controller for the supply of combustion products of the second stream of products of combustion, which leaves the afterburner 26 in the bypass 28. In this case, the controller 32 _{3 is} connected to the output of the control unit 35. Data on the flow rate of the second stream of products of combustion comes to the controller 32 ₃ from the control unit 35.

Position 32 ₄ shows the regulator of the air supply to the afterburner 26, connected to the input of the control unit 35. Data on the air flow comes from the control unit 35 to the air supply controller 32 ₄ .

Position 32 ₅ shows the regulator of the air supply to the afterburner 26, connected to the output of the control unit 35. Data on the flow of additional air to the second stream of combustion products comes from the control unit 35 to the controller of the additional air supply 32 ₄ .

Figure 5 shows graphs of the temperature of the combustion products, which are in the pipe of the combustion products line A and line B.

Line A shows the temperature values of the combustion products, which are located in the branch pipe of the combustion products, using the claimed invention.

Line B shows the temperature of the combustion products, which are in the pipe of the combustion products, using an energy-technology boiler of the prior art.

Figure 6 shows a graph of the temperature load on the bypass line C and line D. Line C shows the temperature load when using a prior art energy-technology boiler.

Line D shows the values of the temperature load when using the energy-technology boiler corresponding to the claimed invention.

FIRST EXAMPLE OF OPERATION OF A POWER BOILER

Energy technology boiler consistent with the first layout option (see figure 1) works as follows.

The fuel (sulfur) was supplied through the fuel supply pipe 3 to the burner 1, while the amount of fuel supplied to the burner 1 was controlled using the fuel supply regulator 12 ₁ to the burner 1. Data on the amount of fuel supplied to the burner 1 were received in the unit 15. Also, air was supplied to the burner 1 through the air supply pipe 4, and the amount of air supplied to the burner 1 was regulated using the air supply regulator 12 ₂ to the burner 1. Data on the amount of air supplied to the burner 1, entered the control unit 15.

In the combustion chamber 2, fuel was burned with the formation of combustion products, which were discharged from the combustion chamber 2 to the afterburner 6.

Through the air supply pipe 10 into the afterburning chamber 6, air was supplied to the combustion products that were in the afterburning chamber 6. At the same time, the amount of air that was supplied to the afterburning chamber 6 was controlled using the air supply regulator 12 ₄ . In this case, the data on the amount of air that is supplied to the afterburner 6 was received in the regulator 12 ₄ from the control unit 15.

In the afterburning chamber 6, the combustion products were divided into two flows of combustion products.

The first stream of combustion products was brought to the heating surface 7. As a result of the contact of the combustion products of the first stream with the heating surface 7, a heat exchange process occurred, as a result of which the combustion products lost part of their heat to the heating surface 7. After that, the first stream of combustion products was removed from the afterburner 6 to exhaust pipe 9.

The second stream of combustion products was diverted from the afterburner 6 to bypass 8. In this case, the amount of flow rate of the second stream of combustion products was regulated using the regulator 12 ₃ (see Fig. 1), which received data from the control unit 15 about the flow rate of the second stream of combustion products . At the same time, additional air was supplied to the second stream of combustion products.

An additional air supply to the second stream of combustion products was carried out through an additional air supply pipe 11, while the amount of air supplied to the second stream of combustion products was regulated using the additional air supply controller 12 ₅ , which received data from the control unit 15 on the value the amount of air that is additionally supplied to the second stream of combustion products.

In the branch pipe of the combustion products 9, in the area adjacent to the branch pipe for the removal of the combustion products 9 to the afterburner 6, the first and second flows of combustion products were mixed, after which the products of combustion were discharged further along the production line. The temperature and composition of the combustion products, which were diverted from the energy-technology boiler, were controlled using a temperature sensor 13 and a gas analyzer 14 located in the pipe of the outlet of combustion products 9.

Data on the temperature and composition of the combustion products, which are located in the branch pipe of the combustion products 9, came from the temperature sensor 13 and the gas analyzer 14 to the input of the control unit 15 (see figure 2).

The control unit 15, based on the temperature and composition of the products of combustion, which are in the pipe of the outlet of the products of combustion 9, and data on the amount of fuel and air that are supplied to the burner 1, determines the flow rate of air that is supplied to the products of combustion located in the afterburner 6 and / or into a second stream of combustion products that leaves the afterburner 6 to bypass 8.

At the same time, the control unit 15 submits the said control command about the air flow to the air supply regulator 124 located in the air supply pipe 10 and to the air supply controller 125 located in the additional air supply pipe 11.

SECOND EXAMPLE OF OPERATION OF A POWER BOILER

Energy technology boiler according to the second layout option (see figure 3) works as follows.

The fuel (sulfur) was supplied through the fuel supply pipe 23 to the burner 21, while the amount of fuel that was supplied to the burner 21 was controlled by the fuel supply regulator 32 ₁ to the burner 21. Data on the amount of fuel that was supplied to the burner 21 were received to the control unit 35. Also, air was supplied to the burner 21 through the air supply pipe 24, and the amount of air supplied to the burner 21 was regulated using the air supply regulator 32 ₂ to the burner 21. Data on the amount of air supplied He entered the burner 21, entered the control unit 35.

In the combustion chamber 22, fuel was burned with the formation of combustion products, which were discharged from the combustion chamber 22 to the afterburner 26.

Through the air supply pipe 30 to the afterburning chamber 26, air was supplied to the combustion products that were in the afterburning chamber 26. In this case, the amount of air supplied to the afterburning chamber 26 was controlled using the air supply regulator 32 ₄ . At the same time, data on the amount of air supplied to the afterburner 26 was supplied to the controller 32 ₄ from the control unit 35.

In the afterburner 26, the combustion products were divided into two streams of combustion products.

The first stream of combustion products was brought to the heating surface 27. As a result of the contact of the combustion products of the first stream with the heating surface 27, a heat exchange process occurred, as a result of which the combustion products lost part of their heat to the heating surface 27. After that, the first stream of combustion products was removed from the afterburner 6 to exhaust pipe 29.

The second stream of combustion products was diverted from the afterburner 26 to bypass 28. In this case, the amount of flow rate of the second stream of combustion products was regulated using the controller 32 ₃ (see Fig. 3), which received data from the control unit 35 about the flow rate of the second product stream combustion. At the same time, additional air was supplied to the second stream of combustion products.

Additional air supply to the second stream of combustion products was carried out through an additional air supply pipe 31, while the amount of air supplied to the second stream of combustion products was regulated using the additional air supply controller 32 ₅ , which received data from the control unit 35 about the value the amount of air additionally supplied to the second stream of combustion products.

In the branch pipe of the combustion products 29, in the area adjacent to the branch pipe for the removal of the combustion products 29 to the afterburner 26, the first and second flows of combustion products were mixed, after which the combustion products were discharged further along the production line. The temperature and composition of the combustion products, which were in the pipe of the combustion products 29, were controlled using a temperature sensor 33 and a gas analyzer 34 located in the pipe of the exhaust of the combustion products 29.

Data on the temperature and composition of the combustion products, which were in the pipe of the combustion products 29, came from the temperature sensor 33 and the gas analyzer 34 to the input of the control unit 35 (see figure 4).

The control unit 35, on the basis of data on the temperature and composition of the combustion products that are in the pipe of the combustion products 29, and data on the amount of fuel and air that are supplied to the burner 21, determines the air flow supplied to the combustion products that are in the chamber afterburning 26 and / or into the second stream of combustion products, which leaves the afterburning chamber 26 to bypass 28.

At the same time, the control unit 35 submits the said control command about the air flow to the air supply regulator 32 ₄ , which is located in the air supply pipe 30, and to the air supply regulator 32 ₅ , which is located in the additional air supply pipe.

Also, the claimed invention has passed a series of tests, the data of which are given in the appendices.

Example 1 use of the claimed invention

The tests were carried out on an energy-technology boiler, the circuit of which is shown in figure 1.

At 100% load on the energy-technology boiler, the amount of combustion products that departed from the energy-technology boiler corresponded to 72,000 nm ³ / h.

Table 1 shows the test data of the claimed invention, during the tests the load on the energy-technology boiler was varied in the range from 50-110%, when using the claimed invention, the temperature (410 ° C) of the combustion products was stabilized in the branch pipe of the combustion products (line B, see fig. .5), at the same time, with the prior art, the temperature range of the combustion products in the pipe of the exhaust products was in the range from 376 to 419 ° C (line A, see figure 5 and table 1). Also, when using the claimed invention, the operating temperature of the combustion products in the bypass was in the range from 120 to 608 ° C (line D, see Fig.6), at the same time, in the known technical solution, the working temperature of the combustion products in the bypass was from 1020 to 1205 ° C (line C, see Fig.6).

Another advantage of the present invention is the expansion of the range of workloads on the energy technology boiler from 50 to 110% (prior art from 70 to 100%) of the nominal load. Thus, at maximum loads of 50% or 110%, well-known energy-technology boilers do not work efficiently, since the efficiency of an energy-technology boiler decreases with increasing load. Thus, when using the claimed invention, at a load of 50%, the amount of steam is 22 tons, at the same time in a well-known energy-technology boiler is 18 tons (see table 2), and at a load of 110%, the amount of steam is 48 tons (when using the claimed inventions), at the same time when using energy-technology boilers of the prior art - 46 tons, it should be noted that at a load of 110% there is a rapid wear of the bypass and the regulator located in it.

From table 3 it can be seen that the amount of combustion products that departed from the energy-technology boiler was the same when using the claimed invention, and when using the known technical solution.

From table 4 it is seen that when using the claimed invention with variable loads on the energy-technology boiler, the composition of the combustion products that departed from the energy-technology boiler was stabilized, and thus the values stabilized: SO ₂ and O ₂ .

Table 1 Power Technology Load
boiler,% Operating temperature of combustion products in the afterburning chamber ° С The working temperature of the combustion products in the bypass (T ₁ ), ° C The temperature of the combustion products in the pipe of the combustion products (T ₂ ), ° C Prior art The claimed invention Prior art The claimed invention Prior art The claimed invention one 2 3 four 5 6 7 fifty 1020 1100 1020 608 376 410 one hundred 1180 1170 1180 120 410 410 110 1205 1210 1243 120 419 410

table 2 Energy Technology Load
boiler, (Q)% The amount of combustion products of the second stream of combustion products, which was diverted from the afterburner to bypass, nm ³ / h The amount of combustion products of the first stream of combustion products, which was brought to the surfaces of Nagoyev, nm ³ / h The amount of superheated steam produced by the energy-technology boiler, t / h Prior art The claimed invention Prior art The claimed invention Prior art The claimed invention one 2 3 four 5 8 9 fifty 10,000 4000 26000 29000 eighteen 22 one hundred 3200 3000 68800 61000 44 44 110 3200 3000 76000 68000 46 48

Table 3 Energy Technology Load
boiler, (Q)% The amount of air that is supplied to the afterburner, nm ³ / h The amount of air that is supplied in bypass, nm ³ / h The number of combustion products that entered the pipe of the exhaust of combustion products, nm ³ / h Prior art The claimed invention Prior art The claimed invention Prior art The claimed invention one 2 3 four 5 8 9 fifty 36000 29000 - 3000 36000 36000 one hundred 68800 61000 - 8000 72000 72000 110 76000 61000 - 9000 80,000 80,000

Table 4 The load on the energy technology boiler, (Q)% The composition of the combustion products, which departed into the pipe of the combustion products SO ₂ ,% O ₂ % NO _x ppm The rest,% one 2 3 four 5 fifty Prior art 12.7 8.3 102 79.0 The claimed invention 11.8 9.2 85 79.0 one hundred Prior art 11.8 9.2 101 79.0 The claimed invention 11.8 9.2 102 79.0 110 Prior art 11,4 9.7 120 79.0 The claimed invention 11.8 9.2 115 79.0

The technical result of the present invention is:

- reduction of temperature load on the bypass;

- a decrease in the metal content of the bypass as a result of a decrease in the temperature load on the bypass;

- expanding the range of workloads on the energy technology boiler;

- stabilization of the temperature and composition of the combustion products that depart from the energy-technology boiler;

- increase the efficiency and reliability of the energy-technology boiler;

- adaptive regulation of the composition and temperature of the combustion products that depart from the energy-technology boiler.

Claims (6)

1. The method of operation of an energy technology boiler, according to which exercise
a) supplying fuel and air to at least one burner,
b) burning said fuel and air in at least one combustion chamber adjacent to said burner to form combustion products in said combustion chamber,
c) withdrawing said combustion products from the combustion chamber to at least one afterburner,
d) supplying air to the combustion products located in said afterburner, with further separation of the combustion products into two streams,
e) supplying a first stream of combustion products to at least one heating surface followed by heat removal from the combustion products, after which a first stream of combustion products is removed from said afterburning chamber to a pipe for exhausting combustion products,
f) withdrawing a second stream of combustion products from the afterburner to at least one bypass, followed by removal of the combustion products from said bypass into said branch pipe of the combustion products,
g) control of the composition and temperature of the combustion products located in the pipe of the combustion products, characterized in that
h) additionally, air is supplied to said second stream of combustion products, which is discharged from the afterburner into bypass. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the basis of data on the composition and temperature of the combustion products located in the branch pipe of the combustion products, as well as on the basis of data on the fuel and air consumption that are supplied to the burner, the air flow rate is determined in the combustion products located in the afterburner, and / or in the second stream of combustion products, which is diverted from the afterburner to the bypass, and also, on the basis of the above-mentioned data, the flow rate of the second stream of combustion products that is removed from the afterburner in bypass 3. Energy technology boiler containing
a) at least one burner adjacent to at least one fuel supply pipe and at least one air supply pipe,
b) at least one combustion chamber adjacent to said burner,
c) at least one afterburner chamber in which at least one heating surface is located, wherein said combustion chamber and at least one air inlet to the afterburner are adjacent to the lower part of the afterburner, and the upper part of the afterburning chamber adjoins at least one pipe of combustion products, designed to divert the first flow of combustion products from the afterburner to the pipe of combustion products,
d) at least one bypass for discharging a second stream of combustion products from said afterburner into said branch pipe of combustion products, characterized in that
e) the energy-technology boiler contains at least one additional nozzle for supplying air to the second stream of combustion products, which is discharged from the afterburner into the bypass. 4. The energy-technology boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that the bypass is located in the afterburner, namely in the area of the heating surfaces. 5. The energy-technology boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that the bypass is adjacent to the afterburner and to the exhaust pipe in the abutment zone of the exhaust pipe and afterburner. 6. The control system of the energy technology boiler, characterized
a) the presence of at least one temperature sensor located in the exhaust pipe,
b) the presence of at least one gas analyzer located in said flue pipe,
c) the presence of at least one control unit connected at the inlet to the temperature sensor, a gas analyzer, an air regulator located in the nozzle for supplying air to the burner adjacent to the combustion chamber, and a fuel regulator located in the nozzle for supplying fuel to said burner, and at the outlet said control unit is connected to at least one air supply regulator located in the air supply pipe to the combustion chamber, at least one combustion product supply regulator located in the bypass for discharging the second stream of combustion products from the combustion chamber to the pipe for exhausting combustion products and with at least one additional air supply regulator located in the additional pipe for supplying air to the bypass,
d) in this case, the control unit, on the basis of the received data on the temperature and composition of the combustion products, as well as data on the fuel and air consumption that enter the burner, determines the flow rate of air supplied to the combustion products located in the afterburner and / or in the second flow of combustion products
e) also, on the basis of the mentioned data, the control unit determines the flow rate of the second stream of products of combustion, which is discharged from the combustion chamber to the bypass,
f) after which the control unit generates a control command about the flow rate of air supplied to the combustion products located in the combustion chamber and / or into the combustion products of the second stream of combustion products, and / or generates a control command about the flow rate of the said second stream of combustion products,
g) wherein the control unit submits said control command about air flow to said air supply regulator located in the air supply pipe to the combustion chamber and / or to said additional air supply controller located in the additional air supply pipe to the bypass,
h) the control unit also sends a control command about the flow rate of the second stream of products of combustion to the said controller of supply of products of combustion located in the bypass.

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