RU2490818C1 - Autostereoscopic display with full-screen 3d resolution (versions thereof) and method of controlling active parallax barrier of display - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method is realised by increasing the degree of separation of aspect views of a three-dimensional scene and by increasing speed of operation of the device, which is provided by using in the active parallax barrier of the device at least one pair of birefringent layers of the working substance with complementary optical properties, particularly two liquid crystal layers with mutually orthogonal directions of initial homogeneous orientation of nematic liquid crystal molecules. Increase in the degree of separation of aspect views results from increase in contrast of modulation of light intensity by the active parallax barrier due to mutual compensation of the initial birefringence and chromatic dispersion of liquid crystal layers. Increase in speed of operation of the device when realising the method of controlling the active parallax barrier results from that the transit time of switching images of aspect views is only defined by the short reaction time of the liquid crystal layers to the application of a high control voltage.

EFFECT: improved quality of stereoscopic images.

11 cl, 22 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to three-dimensional (3D) displays, more specifically, to autostereoscopic (frameless) displays, and can be used to create stationary and mobile 3D TVs, 3D monitors with full-screen 3D resolution when observing stereoscopic images while maintaining the compatibility of the stereo display with monoscopic (2D) images .

State of the art

Known autostereoscopic display with full-screen resolution [1], containing a light source sequentially located on the same optical axis, a passive parallax barrier and an imager made in the form of a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, equipped with a stereo image signal source, the information output of which is connected to the matrix matrix electrical input optical modulator, and the passive parallax barrier is made in the form of sequentially optically coupled transiently inhomogeneous passive phase plate and linear polarizer, while the output of the matrix optical modulator is optically coupled to two observation zones.

A disadvantage of the known device is the reduced spatial resolution in the observed stereo image of a 3D scene. The resolution in the image reproduced on the display screen of each angle of the 3D scene is equal to half the full screen resolution (half the total number of pixels of the matrix optical modulator), because the passive parallax barrier directs the light fluxes from the first and second regions of the aperture of the matrix optical modulator to the first and second observation zones , in each of which the spatial resolution of the image is equal to half the full-screen resolution.

The closest in technical essence to option 1 of the device is an autostereoscopic display [2] with full-screen resolution, containing a light source sequentially located on the same optical axis, an image sensor and an active parallax barrier, where the image sensor is made in the form of a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, equipped with a stereo image signal source, and the active parallax barrier is made in the form of sequentially optically coupled polarizers, polarization modulator with uniformly made layers of the working substance and the polarization analyzer, as well as an electronic control unit, the output of which is connected to the electrical input of the polarization modulator, the input of the electronic control unit being connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo image signal source, the information output of which is connected to the electrical input of the matrix optical a two-coordinate addressing modulator, while the output of the polarization analyzer is optically coupled to umya observation areas.

The closest in technical essence to option 2 of the device is an autostereoscopic display [3] with a full-screen resolution, containing a light source sequentially located on the same optical axis, an active parallax barrier and an imager, while the active parallax barrier is made in the form of sequentially optically coupled polarizer, polarizing a modulator with uniformly made layers of the working substance and the polarization analyzer, as well as the electronic control unit, the output to which is connected to the electric input of the polarization modulator, and the imager is made in the form of a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, equipped with a stereo image signal source, the output of which is connected to the electric input of the polarization modulator, and the input of the electronic control unit is connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo image signal source whose output is connected to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator with two coordinates addressing, the output of which is optically coupled to two surveillance zones.

A known method of controlling [3] the active parallax barrier of the display, which consists in the fact that using the polarization modulator with uniformly made layers of the working substance as part of the active parallax barrier in the first (second) clocks, the first (second) polarization state is established for the light flux of the first (second ) groups of columns of the image of the left angle and the second (first) state of polarization for the luminous flux of the first (second) group of columns of the image of the right angle and using the polarization analyzer The active parallax barrier converts polarization modulation to modulation of the intensity of light fluxes, directing the light fluxes of the left and right angles to the left and right observation zones, respectively.

In the known [2, 3] device and method, a full-screen 3D resolution is provided (full-screen resolution in the image of each angle of a 3D scene) in a full cycle consisting of two consecutive clock cycles of the device or clock cycles of the method.

A disadvantage of the known device and method is the lack of stereo image quality. To prevent flickering of the stereo image, it is necessary to use a polarization modulator with a fast-acting (with a transition time of no more than a few milliseconds) birefringent (birefringent) layer of the working substance in the active parallax barrier. However, known high-speed liquid crystal (LC) structures, for example, a π cell [4] (when it is located between a linear polarizer and a polarization analyzer) is characterized by a low contrast modulation of the light intensity (not more than 10-15: 1) which does not allow realizing in white light a sufficiently high (not worse than 100: 1) angle separation factor. This is due both to the chromatic dispersion of the LC substance (the dependence of the refractive index of the substance on the wavelength of light), and to the presence of residual birefringence (birefringence) of the LC layer, which is not equal to zero even under the action of an extremely high magnitude control voltage due to the tight coupling of the surface LC molecules with the surfaces of the substrates of the LC cell (the presence of this bond provides the required orientation of all LC molecules of the layer in the absence of a high control voltage). The use, for example, of passive film optical compensators [5] to improve the modulation contrast in π cells has two drawbacks. First, with a change in temperature, the quality of such optical compensation worsens due to the difference in temperature coefficients of the change in optical properties for different working substances of a passive film compensator and a birefringent layer of a polarization modulator. Secondly, film passive compensators cannot be “disconnected” electrically to exclude the active parallax barrier in the optical path of the device when the latter operates with a 2D image (to ensure 2D / 3D compatibility).

The use of several uniformly made layers of the working substance (several uniformly made LC layers) in the polarization modulator increases both the negative effect of the chromatic dispersion of the substances of these layers and the total residual birefringence in proportion to the increase in the total (equivalent) thickness of the layer of the working substance and the number of bond surfaces of the LC molecules with surfaces of substrates.

At the same time, high-contrast single-layer LCD twist structures with a 90 ° swirl (used in modern LCD displays) have insufficient speed (transition time - tens of milliseconds) for use in the active parallax barrier of the display.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of stereo images while achieving high temperature stability of the quality parameters.

Disclosure of invention

The task in the device according to option 1 is solved in that the polarization modulator is made in the form of a phase-polarization modulator with a working substance in the form of at least one pair of birefringent layers with complementary optical properties in each pair, while each birefringent layer is equipped with N + 1 spatially one-dimensional address buses, the electrical inputs of which are the electrical inputs of the phase-polarization modulator, where N is the number of columns of the image formed by the matrix optical m modulator with two-coordinate addressing, and the electronic control unit is made with switching addressing and with static addressing of birefringent layers, while the distance d ⁽¹⁾ from the birefringent layer with switching addressing to a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing is determined by the condition d ⁽¹⁾ = D ^{( 1)} a / (b + a), where D ⁽¹⁾ is the distance from the centers of both observation zones to the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, b is the distance between the centers of two observation zones, and is the period of the column image sensor on a matrix optical modulator with two-axis addressing.

The task in the device according to option 2 is solved in that the polarization modulator is made in the form of a phase-polarization modulator with a working substance in the form of at least one pair of birefringent layers with complementary optical properties in each pair, while each birefringent layer is equipped with N-1 spatially one-dimensional address buses, the electrical inputs of which are the electrical inputs of the phase-polarization modulator, where N is the number of columns of the image formed by the matrix optical m modulator with two-coordinate addressing, and the electronic control unit is made with switching addressing and with static addressing of birefringent layers, the distance d⁽²⁾ from a birefringent layer with switching addressing to a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, is specified by the condition d⁽²⁾= D⁽²⁾a / (b-a), where D⁽²⁾ - the distance from the centers of both observation zones to the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing.

Improving image quality is achieved in the device and method due to two main technical results.

The first main technical result is an increase in the angle separation coefficient due to mutual optical compensation of the initial birefringence and chromatic dispersion in each pair of birefringent layers with complementary optical properties.

In particular embodiments of the device, the first and second birefringent layers with complementary optical properties are made in the form of the first and second LC layers with mutually orthogonal directions of the initial homogeneous orientation of nematic LC molecules, with the axis of about ₁ for an ordinary beam and axis e ₁ for an extraordinary beam of one The LC layer is parallel, respectively, to the e ₂ axis for an extraordinary ray and the o ₂ axis for an ordinary ray of another LC layer, and the polarizer and polarization analyzer are made in the form of an input and output linear polarizers with mutually parallel or orthogonal polarization axes, which are directed at angles of ± 45 ° to the axes o ₁ , e ₁ , o ₂ and e ₂ . The complementarity of the optical properties of two LC layers is ensured by the direction of the ordinary (extraordinary) ray of one LC layer along the path of the extraordinary (ordinary) ray of the other LC layer.

In a preferred particular embodiment of the device, the kth sections of both LCD layers corresponding to the kth spatially one-dimensional address lines (transparent control electrodes) of both LCD layers (k is an integer) are optically coupled, the distance d being the same for both LC layers, which, when implementing the method of controlling the active parallax barrier, leads to the achievement of the second main technical result - increasing the speed of the device.

Increasing the speed of the device when implementing the active parallax barrier control method, namely, using the polarization modulator of the active parallax barrier in the first (second) cycle, the first (second) polarization state is established for the luminous flux of the right (second) group of columns of the left-hand image and the second (first) polarization state for the luminous flux of the first (second) group of columns of the image of the right angle and using the active parallax polarization analyzer of this barrier, polarization modulation is converted into light flux intensity modulation, directing the light fluxes of the left and right angles to the left and right observation zones, respectively, achieved by setting the state of polarization of the light flux from each image column of each angle using the first and second optically connected columns in series respectively, of the first and second LC layers with complementary optical properties, while in any identical for both LC layers energetically states, the polarization state of the light flux passing through both columns of the LC layers does not change, and in two different energy states for two LC layers, the transmitted light flux acquires a polarization state orthogonal to the polarization state of the input light flux, and at the beginning of the first cycle to the first energy state translate all the columns of the first LCD layer and even columns of the second LCD layer, leaving the odd columns of the second LCD layer in the second energy state, simultaneously о even columns of the first LC layer and even columns of the second LC layer are transferred to the second energy state, at the beginning of the second cycle, all columns of the first LC layer are transferred from the second energy state to the first energy state, and during the second cycle, the odd columns are transferred to the second energy state the first LCD layer and the odd columns of the second LCD layer.

When implementing the method, the speed of the device in all cycles is determined only by the small time τ ^{rise of the} reaction of the LC layers to the supply of a high control voltage, and the relaxation of pairs of LCD layers for a long time τ ^{decay is} performed during the time of each cycle without affecting the distribution of light fluxes throughout the cycle .

The presence of a pair of birefringent (LC) layers with complementary optical properties that are different in distance (in d value) from the matrix optical modulator provides an additional technical result - the ability to change the distance (D value) of the observation zones due to electrical switching (using the electronic control unit) to switching addressing of different birefringent layers located at different distances d from the matrix optical modulator. This ensures the expansion of the functionality of the device while maintaining a high contrast separation of angles.

List of drawing figures

The implementation of the invention is illustrated using the drawing, in the figures of which are presented:

Figure 1 - General diagram of the device according to option 1.

Figure 2 - the geometry of the optical paths in the device according to option 1.

Figure 3 is a General diagram of a first private embodiment of the device according to option 1.

Figure 4 - the geometry of the optical paths in the first private embodiment of the device according to option 1.

Figure 5 - the geometry of the optical paths in two selected configurations of the first private embodiment of the device according to option 1.

6 is a General diagram of a device according to option 2.

Fig.7 is the geometry of the optical paths in the device according to option 2.

Fig - geometry of the optical paths in the first private embodiment of the device according to option 2.

Fig.9 is the geometry of the optical paths in the second private embodiment of the device according to option 2.

Figure 10 - structure and optical properties of each of the two LCD cells with complementary optical properties.

11 - the optical properties of a pair of LC cells with complementary optical properties that are in the same energy states.

Fig - optical properties of a pair of LCD cells with complementary optical properties in different energy states.

Fig - time optical response of one LCD cell.

Fig - design of a pair of consecutively located LCD cells.

Fig. 15 is a separation of the 3D scene angles for the first and second mutually orthogonal positions of the aperture of the matrix light modulator using an LCD cell with the first and second mutually orthogonal sets of transparent address electrodes.

Fig - separation of the angles during operation of the first private embodiment of the device according to option 1.

Fig - timing diagrams for one particular case of the first private embodiment of the device according to option 1.

Fig. 18 is a timing chart for another particular case of operation of the first particular embodiment of the device of embodiment 1.

Fig - separation of the angles during operation of the second private embodiment of the device according to option 1 (in the first selected configuration).

Fig - separation of the angles during operation of the second private embodiment of the device according to option 1 (in the second selected configuration).

Fig. 21 is a timing diagram of an operation of a second particular embodiment of the device of Embodiment 1 (in both configurations).

Fig - separation of the angles during operation of the first private embodiment of the device according to option 2.

The implementation of the invention

The device (option 1) contains sequentially located along the optical axis A-A '(Fig. 1) a light source 1, a matrix optical modulator 2 with two-coordinate (x, y) addressing, and an active parallax barrier made in the form of a linear polarizer 3, the first 4 ₁ and the second 4 ₂ birefringent layers of the working substance of the phase-polarization modulator 4, equipped with spatially one-dimensional address buses, and the polarization analyzer 5. The device also contains a source 6 of the stereo image signal and an electronic control unit 7, the output of which is connected to the address lines of the birefringent layers 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ , and the input of the electronic control unit 7 is connected to the frame synchronization output of the source 6 of the stereo image, the information output of which is connected to the electrical input matrix optical modulator 2, the output of the analyzer 5 is optically coupled to the polarization of the two (left and right E _L E _R) observation areas. The first and second birefringent layers 4 ₁ and 4 _{2 are} characterized by complementary optical properties, which corresponds to the mutual opposite (complementarity) of the optical properties of the birefringent layers 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ , which are in the same energy state, relative to their effect on the state of polarization of transmitted light. Each of the birefringent layers 4 ₁ , 4 _{2 is} made with addressing in N + 1 columns, where N is the number of columns of the image formed by the matrix optical modulator 2. The electronic control unit 7 is made, for definiteness, with switching addressing of the birefringent layer 4 ₁ and static addressing birefringent layer 4 ₂ . The birefringent layer 4 ₁ with switching addressing is located at a distance d ⁽¹⁾ from the matrix optical modulator 2 in accordance with the condition

$$d^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}=D^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}{a}^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}/\left(b+a^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}\right)\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

Where:

D ⁽¹⁾ is the distance from the centers of both zones E _L , E _{R of} observation to the matrix optical modulator 2;

b is the distance between the centers of the two observation zones E _L , E _R ;

and ⁽¹⁾ is the period of arrangement of the image columns on the matrix optical modulator 2.

и $$X_n^{\left(1\right)}{X}_{n+1}^{\left(1\right)}{Z}_k^{\left(1\right)}$$

(фиг.2) в геометрии оптических путей устройства в плоскости Р, проходящей через оптическую ось А-А' параллельно координате х, где $$X_n^{\left(1\right)}$$

и $$X_{n+1}^{\left(1\right)}$$

- центры соседних (n и n+1) пикселей матричного оптического модулятора 2, a $$Z_k^{\left(1\right)}$$

- центр k-го столбца двупреломляющего слоя, где n=1, 2, …, N; k=1, 2, …, N+1, a N - число столбцов изображения.Condition (1) follows from the similarity of triangles $$E_L{E}_R{Z}_k^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

and $$X_n^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}{X}_{n+\mathrm{one}}^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}{Z}_k^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

(figure 2) in the geometry of the optical paths of the device in the plane P passing through the optical axis aa 'parallel to the coordinate x, where $$X_n^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

and $$X_{n+\mathrm{one}}^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

are the centers of neighboring (n and n + 1) pixels of the matrix optical modulator 2, a $$Z_k^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

- the center of the k-th column of the birefringent layer, where n = 1, 2, ..., N; k = 1, 2, ..., N + 1, and N is the number of columns in the image.

вдоль координаты х, величина которого удовлетворяет условиюFor the image formed by (matrix optical modulator 2) with N columns whose central axes are oriented along the y coordinate (orthogonal to the P plane in FIG. 2), the address buses of the birefringent layer 4 ₁ with switching addressing are located along the y coordinate with a period $$p_x^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

along the x coordinate, the value of which satisfies the condition

$$p_x^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}=a_x^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}\frac{D^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}-d^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}}{D^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}},\left(2\right)$$

- период расположения пикселей матричного оптического модулятора 2 вдоль координаты х. Период $$a_x^{\left(1\right)}$$

расположения пикселей определяет период расположения столбцов изображения, ориентированных вдоль координаты y.Where $$a_x^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

- the period of arrangement of the pixels of the matrix optical modulator 2 along the x coordinate. Period $$a_x^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

pixel positioning determines the period of the image columns oriented along the y coordinate.

вдоль координаты у, величина которого удовлетворяет условиюFor the image formed by (matrix optical modulator 2) with N columns whose central axes are oriented along the x coordinate (parallel to the P plane in FIG. 2), the address buses of the birefringent layer 4 ₁ with switching addressing are located along the x coordinate with a period $$p_y^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

along the coordinate y, the value of which satisfies the condition

$$p_y^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}=a_y^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}\frac{D^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}-d^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}}{D^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}},\left(3\right)$$

- период расположения пикселей матричного оптического модулятора 2 вдоль координаты у, вдоль которой отсчитывается период расположения столбцов изображения.Where $$a_y^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

- the period of the arrangement of pixels of the matrix optical modulator 2 along the coordinate y, along which the period of the arrangement of the image columns is counted.

In the first particular embodiment of the device according to embodiment 1, the active parallax barrier is made in the form of the first 8 and second 9 linear polarizers (Fig. 3) with mutually parallel polarization axes, while the kth columns of the first and second birefringent layers 4 ₁ and 4 _{2 are} optically conjugate to each other (k = 1, 2, ..., N + 1), i.e. adjacent to each other sections of the birefringent layers 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ corresponding to the kth address lines of both birefringent layers are optically coupled to each other, with the axis o ₁ for the ordinary beam and the axis e ₁ for the unusual beam of the first birefringent layer 4 ₁ parallel to the axis e ₂ for the extraordinary ray and axis о ₂ for the ordinary ray of the second birefringent layer 4 ₂ , and the axes о ₁ , е ₁ , о ₂ , е _{2 are} directed at angles of ± 45 ° to the directions of the polarization axes of linear polarizers 8 and 9.

The corresponding optical path scheme of this particular embodiment of the device (FIG. 4) comprises a matrix optical modulator 2 ₁ (corresponding to a matrix optical modulator 2 from the general scheme), first and second linear polarizers 7 ₁ and 8 ₁ (corresponding to the first and second linear polarizers 7 and 8 ), birefringent layers 4 ₁ and 4 _{2 of the} phase-polarization modulator 4.

и $$d_2^{\left(1\right)}$$

от матричного оптического модулятора 2₁, величины которых удовлетворяют условиямThe second particular embodiment of the device according to embodiment 1 (FIG. 5) differs from its first particular embodiment by the arrangement of the first and second birefringent layers at different distances $$d_{\mathrm{one}}^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

and $$d_2^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

from a matrix optical modulator 2 ₁ , the values of which satisfy the conditions

; $$d_2^{\left(1\right)}=D_2^{\left(1\right)}{a}^{\left(1\right)}/\left(b+a^{\left(1\right)}\right),\left(4\right)$$

$$d_{\mathrm{one}}^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}=D_{\mathrm{one}}^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}{a}^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}/\left(b+a^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}\right)$$

; $$d_2^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}=D_2^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}{a}^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}/\left(b+a^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}\right),\left(\mathrm{four}\right)$$

и $$D_2^{\left(1\right)}$$

- расстояния от матричного оптического модулятора 2₁ до центров обеих зон наблюдения E_L, E_R.Where $$D_{\mathrm{one}}^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

and $$D_2^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

- the distance from the matrix optical modulator 2 ₁ to the centers of both observation zones E _L , E _R.

In the first configuration (figure 5, the upper optical circuit) of the second particular embodiment of the device according to embodiment 1, the position of the observation zones corresponds to the LCD layer 4 ₁ with switching addressing and the LCD layer 4 ₂ with static addressing. In the second configuration (Fig. 5, lower optical diagram) of the second particular embodiment of the device according to embodiment 1, the position of the observation zones corresponds to the LCD layer 4 ₂ with switching addressing and the LCD layer 4 ₁ with static addressing. In both configurations, the number of address buses is N + 1 for each of the LCD layers 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ , where k ₁ and k ₂ are the current numbers of their address buses, the same for both configurations.

The device (option 2) contains sequentially located along the optical axis B-B '(FIG. 6) a light source 10, an active parallax barrier (made in the form of a polarizer 11, pairs 12 ₂ and 12 _{1 of} birefringent layers of the working substance of the phase-polarizing modulator 12, equipped with spatially one-dimensional address lines, and polarization analyzer 13), a matrix optical modulator 14 with two-coordinate (x, y) addressing, and an output polarizer 15, the output of which is optically coupled to the left E _L and right E _R observation zones. The device also contains a stereo image signal source 16 and an electronic control unit 17, the output of which is connected to the address lines of the birefringent layers 12 ₁ and 12 ₂ , and the input of the electronic control unit 17 is connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo image signal source 16, the information output of which is connected to the electrical input matrix optical modulator 14. Each of the birefringent layers 12 ₁ , 12 _{2 is} made with addressing in N-1 columns, where N is the number of columns of the image on the matrix optical modulator 14. E the electronic control unit 17 is made, for definiteness, with the switching addressing of the birefringent layer 12 ₁ and with the static addressing of the birefringent layer 12 ₂ . The birefringent layer 12 ₁ with switching addressing is located at a distance d ⁽²⁾ from the matrix optical modulator 14, the value of which is determined by the condition

$$d^{\left(2\right)}=D^{\left(2\right)}{a}^{\left(2\right)}/\left(b-a^{\left(2\right)}\right),\left(5\right)$$

Where

- расстояние от центров обеих зон E_L, E_R наблюдения до матричного оптического модулятора 14; $$D^{\left(2\right)}$$

- the distance from the centers of both zones E _L , E _R observation to the matrix optical modulator 14;

b is the distance between the centers of the two observation zones E _L , E _R ;

- период расположения столбцов изображения на матричном оптическом модуляторе 14 (равный $$a_x^{\left(1\right)}$$

для рассмотренного частного случая периодичности столбцов изображения вдоль координаты х). $$a^{\left(2\right)}$$

- the period of the columns of the image on the matrix optical modulator 14 (equal to $$a_x^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

for the considered special case of periodicity of image columns along the coordinate x).

и треугольника $$Z_k^{\left(2\right)}{Z}_{k+1}^{\left(2\right)}{X}_n^{\left(2\right)}$$

, и второй пары из треугольника $$E_R{Z}_k^{\left(2\right)}{Z}_{k+1}^{\left(2\right)}$$

и треугольника $$E_R{X}_n^{\left(2\right)}{X}_{n+1}^{\left(2\right)}$$

в геометрии оптических путей в плоскости P, проходящей через оптическую ось В-В' параллельно координате х, где $$X_n^{\left(2\right)}$$

и $$X_{n+1}^{\left(2\right)}$$

- центры соседних (n и n+1) пикселей матричного оптического модулятора 14, a $$Z_k^{\left(2\right)}$$

и $$Z_{k+1}^{\left(2\right)}$$

- центры соседних k-го и (k+1)-го столбцов двупреломляющего слоя, где n=1, 2, …, N; k=1, 2, …, N-1, a N - число столбцов изображения на матричном оптическом модуляторе 14.Condition (5) follows from the similarity of two pairs of triangles (Fig. 7): the first pair of triangles $$E_L{E}_R{X}_n^{\left(2\right)}$$

and triangle $$Z_k^{\left(2\right)}{Z}_{k+\mathrm{one}}^{\left(2\right)}{X}_n^{\left(2\right)}$$

, and the second pair of the triangle $$E_R{Z}_k^{\left(2\right)}{Z}_{k+\mathrm{one}}^{\left(2\right)}$$

and triangle $$E_R{X}_n^{\left(2\right)}{X}_{n+\mathrm{one}}^{\left(2\right)}$$

in the geometry of the optical paths in the plane P passing through the optical axis B-B 'parallel to the x coordinate, where $$X_n^{\left(2\right)}$$

and $$X_{n+\mathrm{one}}^{\left(2\right)}$$

are the centers of neighboring (n and n + 1) pixels of the matrix optical modulator 14, a $$Z_k^{\left(2\right)}$$

and $$Z_{k+\mathrm{one}}^{\left(2\right)}$$

are the centers of the neighboring k-th and (k + 1) -th columns of the birefringent layer, where n = 1, 2, ..., N; k = 1, 2, ..., N-1, and N is the number of image columns on the matrix optical modulator 14.

вдоль координаты х, величина которого удовлетворяет условиюFor the generated image (by matrix optical modulator 12) with N columns oriented along the y coordinate (orthogonal to the plane of Fig. 7), the address buses of the birefringent layer 12 ₁ with switching addressing are located with a period $$p_x^{\left(2\right)}$$

along the x coordinate, the value of which satisfies the condition

$$p_x^{\left(2\right)}=a_x^{\left(2\right)}\frac{D^{\left(2\right)}+d^{\left(2\right)}}{D^{\left(2\right)}},\left(6\right)$$

- период расположения пикселей матричного оптического модулятора 12 вдоль координаты х, задающий такой же период $$a_x^{\left(2\right)}$$

расположения столбцов изображения.Where $$a_x^{\left(2\right)}$$

- the period of the arrangement of the pixels of the matrix optical modulator 12 along the x coordinate defining the same period $$a_x^{\left(2\right)}$$

image column layouts.

вдоль координаты у, определяемым условиемFor the generated image (by matrix optical modulator 12) with N columns oriented along the x coordinate (located in the plane of Fig. 7), the address buses of the birefringent layer 12 ₁ with switching addressing are located with a period $$p_y^{\left(2\right)}$$

along the coordinate y defined by the condition

$$p_y^{\left(2\right)}=a_y^{\left(2\right)}\frac{D^{\left(2\right)}+d^{\left(2\right)}}{D^{\left(2\right)}},\left(7\right)$$

- период расположения пикселей матричного оптического модулятора 12 вдоль координаты у, задающий такой же период $$a_y^{\left(2\right)}$$

расположения столбцов изображения.Where $$a_y^{\left(2\right)}$$

- the period of arrangement of the pixels of the matrix optical modulator 12 along the coordinate y, specifying the same period $$a_y^{\left(2\right)}$$

image column layouts.

In the optical scheme (Fig. 8) of the first particular embodiment of the device according to embodiment 2, a light source 10 ₁ , a first linear polarizer 11 ₁ , two birefringent layers 12 ₁ and 12 ₂ with complementary optical properties, a first linear polarizer 13 ₁ , an optical matrix are sequentially arranged a modulator 14 ₁ and a second linear polarizer 15 ₁ (the latter is shown conditionally, since it does not affect the path of the optical paths in the circuit, but is necessary only for image visualization in the case of a matrix optical modulator 14 ₁ in the form of info radiation polarization modulator).

In the optical scheme (Fig. 9) of the second particular embodiment of the device according to embodiment 2, the first linear polarizer 11 ₁ , the first and second birefringent layers 12 ₁ and 12 ₂ with complementary optical properties, the second linear polarizer 13 ₁ and the matrix optical modulator 14 _{1 are} sequentially arranged . For simplicity, a light source 10 ₁ at the input of the circuit is not shown.

, равного напряжению V_bias смещения для создания исходной рабочей точки ЖК ячейки 18. В данном исходном энергетическом состоянии ЖК ячейки 18 в прошедшем ее выходном свете имеет место фазовый сдвиг φ_bias=+π+φ₀ в необыкновенном луче относительно фазы обыкновенного луча, где φ₀ - фазовый сдвиг, обусловленный остаточным двупреломлением ЖК слоя, которое вносит аналогичный вклад величиной +φ₀ в фазовый сдвиг в любом энергетическом состоянии ЖК ячейки 18. При высоком управляющем напряжении $$V_c^{\left(1\right)}=V_H$$

(позиция II на фиг.10) соответствующий фазовый сдвиг φ_H=+φ₀ обусловлен только действием остаточного двупреломления (residue birefringence)), когда большинство ЖК молекул ЖК ячейки 18 переориентированы в направлении вдоль силовых линий внешнего электрического поля, однако имеет место неполная переориентация приповерхностных (находящихся на краевых плоскостях ЖК слоя) ЖК молекул из-за их энергетической связи с поверхностью подложек (в зазоре между которыми находится ЖК слой). При некотором промежуточном значении напряжения управления на ЖК ячейке 18 имеет место соответствующее промежуточное значение фазового сдвига φ_mid=+φ_mid+φ₀ (позиция III на фиг.10).A preferred specific example of a pair of 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ birefringent layers of a working substance of a phase-polarizing modulator 4 or a pair of 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ birefringent layers of a working substance of a phase-polarizing modulator 12 is in the form of a pair of homogeneously oriented (in the initial state) liquid crystal (LC) ) layers with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε> 0. The homogeneous orientation of the LC molecules corresponds to the orientation of the long axes of all nematic LC molecules in the same direction along the edge planes of the LC layer. The unit cell of the LC layer 4 ₁ and the LC layer 12 ₁ is an LC cell 18 with the first kind of homogeneous orientation of the LC molecules in their initial low-energy state (position I in FIG. 10) with axis o ₁ for an ordinary ray and axis e ₁ for an unusual ray. The initial state of the LC cell 18 (initial orientation of the LC molecules) corresponds to the presence of a control voltage on the LC layer $$V_c^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

equal to the _bias voltage V _bias to create the initial operating point of the LCD cell 18. In this initial energy state of the LCD cell 18 in the transmitted output light, there is a phase shift φ _bias = + π + φ ₀ in the extraordinary ray relative to the phase of the ordinary ray, where φ ₀ - phase shift due to residual birefringence of the LC layer, which makes a similar contribution of + φ ₀ to the phase shift in any energy state of the LC cell 18. At a high control voltage $$V_c^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}=V_H$$

(position II in FIG. 10) the corresponding phase shift φ _H = + φ ₀ is caused only by the action of residual birefringence), when most of the LC molecules of the LC cell 18 are reoriented in the direction along the lines of force of the external electric field, however, an incomplete reorientation takes place near-surface (located on the edge planes of the LC layer) LC molecules due to their energy bonds with the surface of the substrates (in the gap between which is the LC layer). At a certain intermediate value of the control voltage on the LCD cell 18, there is a corresponding intermediate value of the phase shift φ _mid = + φ _mid + φ ₀ (position III in FIG. 10).

The unit cell of the LC layer 4 ₂ and the LC layer 12 ₂ is the LC cell 19 with the second orientation of the LC molecules in the initial energy state of the LC cell 19 (positions IV-VI in FIG. 10), where the axis e ₂ for the extraordinary beam and the axis about ₂ for an ordinary beam, the LC cells 19 are parallel, respectively, to the axis about ₁ for the ordinary beam and the axis e ₁ for the extra beam of the LCD cell 18.

The sign of the phase of the light transmitted through the LC cell 19 is opposite to the sign of the phase of the light transmitted through the LCD cell 18, since the extraordinary (ordinary) ray in the LCD cell 19 is generated by the ordinary (extraordinary) ray emerging from the LC cell 18. Therefore, for the corresponding three identical energy states of both LCD cells 18, 19 the phase values of the light passing through the LCD cell 18 are the same in modulus but opposite in phase to the light passing through the LCD cell 19.

When light passes through two sequentially located LC cells 18 and 19 for any of their identical energy states, the value φ _{Σ of the} total phase shift of light φ _Σ = φ + φ * is always zero (Fig. 11), providing mutual compensation, including a nonzero phase shift φ ₀ , caused by residual birefringence in both LC cells 18 and 19. Moreover, due to the difference in the signs of the phase shift of the two LC cells 18, 19, there is also a mutual compensation of the chromatic dispersion of dielectric anisotropy Δε for LC cells 18, 19, since chromium The statistical dispersion has the same character and sign in the phase shift of the extraordinary ray of each of the LC cells 18, 19, and the final phase shift for a pair of consecutively located LC cells 18, 19 is defined as the phase difference between the extraordinary rays of both LCD cells 18, 19, in which the dispersion components of their phase shifts are destroyed. Such mutual optical compensation is practically independent of temperature, since the temperature changes in the phase shift have a different sign in the LC cells 18, 19.

For a pair of combinations of two unequal extreme energy states of the LC cells 18 and 19 (Fig. 12), the value φ _{Σ of the} total phase shift modulo is π for both energy states, differing only in sign.

For each of the LC cells 18, 19, the inequality

$${\tau }^{rise}<<{\tau }^{decay},\left(8\right)$$

Where

τ ^rise is the reaction time of each of the LC cells 18, 19 to the application of a high control voltage V _c = V _H ;

τ ^decay is the relaxation time of each of the LC cells 18, 19, determined by the time of the spontaneous transition of the LC layer to its initial state when a high value of the control voltage is removed.

The intensity J of the light transmitted through the light intensity modulator, made in the form of any of the LC cells 18, 19, located between two arbitrary linear polarizers, the polarization axis of which are directed along the bisectors of the angles between the axis o for an ordinary beam and the e axis for an ordinary beam in LCD cells 18 19, when a high voltage is applied varies in accordance with a reaction time τ ^rise (13) - time transition forced to the extreme energy state of the LC layer with a residual phase shift φ ₀ that is composed m values of the order of tens or hundreds of microseconds (depending on the applied voltage). The relaxation time τ ^decay (the time of the spontaneous transition to the extreme low-energy state corresponding to the phase delay π) is of the order of several milliseconds, and depends only on the parameters of the LC cells themselves 18, 19 (viscosity, elasticity constants, and other mechanical constants of the LC layer).

и $$V_c^{\left(2\right)}$$

к ЖК слоям прикладываются с помощью прозрачных электродов 23-26, пространственная топология которых соответствует требуемой топологией электрической адресации ЖК слоя фазово-поляризационного модулятора 4, 12, находящегося в составе активного параллаксного барьера. Прозрачные электроды являются предпочтительным конкретным вариантом выполнения адресных шин ЖК слоев 4₁, 4₂, 12₁, 12₂ фазово-поляризационных модуляторов 4, 12.The LCD layers 18 ₁ , 19 ₁ (Fig. 14) of the LCD cells 18, 19 are located in the gaps between the glass, quartz or plastic substrates 20-22. Control voltage $$V_c^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

and $$V_c^{\left(2\right)}$$

LC layers are applied to the LC layers using transparent electrodes 23-26, the spatial topology of which corresponds to the required topology of the electrical addressing of the LC layer of the phase-polarization modulator 4, 12, which is part of the active parallax barrier. Transparent electrodes are the preferred particular embodiment of the address lines of the LCD layers 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ phase polarization modulators 4, 12.

, $$E_R^H$$

наблюдения соответствует горизонтальному Н (ландшафтному) расположению цветного матричного модулятора 29, а пара зон $$E_L^V$$

, $$E_R^V$$

наблюдения соответствует вертикальному V (портретному) расположению цветного матричного модулятора 29.In the third private embodiment of the device according to option 1, the matrix optical modulator is made in the form of a color matrix optical modulator 29 with two groups of address buses with corresponding periods of location p _x and p _y along the x and _y coordinates. At the intersection of each of a pair of mutually orthogonal buses, a triad 30 of color filters R, G, B is located to form the corresponding pixel of the color stereo image. The address buses of the phase polarization modulator 4 are made in the form of two sets of transparent address electrodes. The first set contains control transparent electrodes 27 ₁ -27 _{Y + 1} (Fig. 15) located with a period p _y on the first side of the LCD layer 4 ₁ . The second set contains control electrodes 28 ₁ -28 _{X + 1} located with a period p _x on the second side of the same LC layer orthogonally to the controlling transparent electrodes 27 ₁ -27 _{Y + 1} , while the values p _x and p _y satisfy conditions (2) and (3), and X and Y are the number of address buses of the color matrix optical modulator 29 along the corresponding coordinates. Pair of zones $$E_L^H$$

, $$E_R^H$$

observation corresponds to the horizontal N (landscape) arrangement of the color matrix modulator 29, and a pair of zones $$E_L^V$$

, $$E_R^V$$

observation corresponds to the vertical V (portrait) arrangement of the color matrix modulator 29.

Similarly (in the form of two sets of mutually orthogonal transparent transparent electrodes), address buses of the LCD layer 4 ₂ can be made, and the periods of these two sets, also satisfying conditions (2) and (3), can differ from the periods of the corresponding address buses of the LCD layer 4 ₁ . Mutually orthogonal sets of transparent electrodes can be provided with both birefringent layers 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ to select two different distances to the observation zones, each of which is invariable for the vertical V and horizontal H arrangement of the color matrix modulator 29.

The device operates as follows. The operation of particular embodiments of the device is considered for preferred specific embodiments of the birefringent layers 4 ₁ and 4 _2, respectively, in the form of LC layers 18 ₁ and 19 ₁ , the structure and optical properties of which correspond to the structure and optical properties of the elementary LC cells 18 and 19, respectively. Switching addressing corresponds to a change in the values of control voltages on the address buses of birefringent layers 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ during operation of the device, and static addressing corresponds to a constant and identical value of the control voltage on address buses of birefringent layers 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ during operation of the device.

The first private embodiment of the device according to option 1 works as follows (Fig. 16). Switching addressing is carried out for each of the LCD layers 18 ₁ and 19 ₁ . In the (2n-1) -th and 2n-th columns of the matrix optical modulator 2 ₁ in each odd cycle, the light is modulated in intensity in accordance with the (2n-1) -th column of the left-view image and the 2n-th column of the right-angle image. At the beginning of the odd cycle (position I in Fig. 16), all N + 1 columns of the first LC layer 18 ₁ and 2k columns of the second LC layer 19 _{1 are} transferred to a high energy state (corresponding to a phase shift + φ ₀ ) voltage V _c = V _H ), leaving it in a low-energy state (corresponding to a phase shift of -π-φ ₀ ) of its (2k-1) -column (by applying a low bias voltage V _c = V _bias ). The light from the odd columns of the imager 2 _{1 the} image (for example, the light from the column R _{1 of the} image of the right angle) to the left E _L observation zone goes through the odd columns of the LCD layers 18 ₁ and 19 ₁ (for example, through their first k = 1 address columns), that corresponds to the total phase shift of -π-φ ₀ that is initially linearly polarized light in the picture plane (the horizontal arrows in the figure denote the horizontal polarization direction) causes rotation of the polarization vector by 90 ° (indicated in Figure points located below the LCD with Oev January ₁₈ and January ₁₉ as a vertically polarized light). All luminous fluxes with vertical polarization are delayed by the output polarizer 9 ₂ , so the light from all the odd columns R _{2n-1 of the} left-view image does not fall into the left observation zone E _L. The light from the even columns of the matrix optical modulator 2 ₁ in which the even columns L _{2n of the} left-view image (for example, its second column L ₂ ) are formed pass into the left observation zone E _L through the even 2k columns (for example, through the second k = 2 columns) LC layers 18 ₁ and 19 ₁ , creating a total zero phase shift, which ensures the preservation of horizontal polarization and the transmission of this light by the output polarizer 9 ₂ without attenuation. During an odd cycle (transition from position I to position II in Fig. 16) in all even 2k columns, the LC layers 18 ₁ and 19 ₁ simultaneously for a long time τ ^decay go into a low-energy state (due to a change at the beginning of an odd cycle high voltage V _c = V _H to low V _c = V _bias ). In this process, the total optical state of 2k columns of LC layers 18 ₁ and 19 ₁ (taken as a whole) does not change, and their total phase shift remains equal to zero, therefore, the nature of the distribution of light flux between the two observation zones E _L , E _R remains unchanged throughout the odd cycle, corresponding to the distribution of light fluxes at the beginning of the odd cycle.

In an even cycle in the odd (2n-1) -th and even 2n-th columns of the matrix optical image modulator 2 ₁ images, the light is modulated in intensity in accordance with the odd L _2n-1 left-view image column and the even L _2n right-view image column, which Compared with the odd cycle, it corresponds to the mutual permutation of the left and right image columns on the matrix optical modulator 2 ₁ . At the beginning of an even cycle, all N + 1 columns of the LC layer 18 ₁ for a short time τ ^rise (due to the supply of a high V _c = V _H control voltage) are transferred to the high-energy state (corresponding to a phase shift of -φ ₀ ), which causes at the beginning of an even cycle the corresponding rapid rotation of the linear linear polarization vectors of light at the output of all columns of the LC layers 18 ₁ and 19 ₁ , and thus the light from the left and right angle image columns falls into the corresponding left E _L and right E _R observation zones. During an even cycle (transition from position III to position IV of Fig. 16), the odd (2k-1) -th columns of the LC layers 18 ₁ and 19 ₁ simultaneously for a long time τ ^decay go into a low-energy state without changing their total optical state corresponding to zero total phase shift, which ensures a constant distribution of light flux between two observation zones during the entire even cycle, corresponding to the distribution of light fluxes at the beginning of an even cycle. With the transition to the beginning of the next odd cycle, the full cycle of the device (consisting of a combination of odd and even cycles) is repeated. As a result, the sum of the times of each full cycle of work corresponds to the full cycle of forming a stereo image with full-screen resolution in the images of each (left L and right R) angles.

When in one particular case of the device’s operation, the odd and even clocks completely coincide with the even and odd frames of the image, then the set of times T _{odd of the} odd and T _{even of the} even frames corresponds to the full cycle of the stereo image formation (Fig. 17), and at the borders of the steps (frames) the transition the switching time of the luminous flux of images with the active parallax barrier is equal to the short reaction time τ ^{rise of the} LC layers 18 ₁ and 19 ₁ , and the time τ ^{decay of} long relaxation of each of them does not manifest itself in their combined optical response in the course of each frame.

In another particular case of operation of the device, the total cycle time consists of a combination of two times T _{retrr of the imager} , during which the images of the left and right angles are reproduced (Fig. 18), stored after scanning the images on a matrix optical modulator 2 ₁ in time of the previous frame.

In the process of operation of the first private embodiment of the device according to embodiment 1, a method for controlling an active parallax barrier containing polarizers 8, 9 and LC layers 18 ₁ , 19 _{1 is} implemented.

ЖК слоя 18₁ с коммутационной адресацией определяет положение обеих зон E_L(1), E_R(1) наблюдения в соответствии с формулой (4).The second private version of the device according to option 1 works as follows. In the first configuration of the device (Fig. 19), the switching addressing of the LCD layer 18 ₁ and the static addressing of the LCD layer 19 _{1 are} carried out. In all clock cycles, all N + 1 columns (k ₂ = 1, 2, ..., N + 1) of the LCD layer 19 _{1 are} constantly transferred to the high-energy state (due to the operation of the electronic control unit 7 with static addressing of the LCD layer 19 ₁ , when all columns of the LC layer 19 _{1 are} constantly supplied with a high control voltage V _c = V _H ) corresponding to a phase delay of -φ ₀ due to the presence of residual birefringence of the LC layer 19 ₁ . In the odd cycle in the odd columns of the matrix optical modulator 2 _{1, the} light is modulated in intensity in accordance with the information in the odd columns R _{2n-1 of the} right-angle image, and in the even columns of the matrix optical modulator 2 ₁ in accordance with the information in the even columns of L _2n image right angle. In the same odd cycle, the odd (2k ₁ -1) -th and even 2k _1-st columns of the LCD layer 18 _{1 are} converted to the low-energy and high-energy state, respectively (due to the operation of the electronic unit 7 with the switched addressing of the LCD layer 18 ₁ ). This causes changes in the directions of the linear linear polarization vector of light transmitted through the corresponding sections of the LC layers 181 and 19 ₁ , and provides the required separation of the angles in an odd clock cycle (see the designations of the directions of linear polarization of light in Fig. 19 on the left). The LCD layer 19 ₁ provides full optical compensation for the residual birefringence of the LCD layer 18 ₁ , however, the LCD layer 19 ₁ does not participate in the separation of stereo image angles due to the spatial uniformity of its optical properties throughout the working aperture in the first configuration of the device. In the even cycle (Fig. 19, on the right) in the odd and even columns of the matrix optical modulator 2 ₁ , both the change of information about the angles and the corresponding change in the energy state in the columns of the LC layer 18 ₁ occur, which ensures the required separation of angles and thereby complete the complete the cycle of forming a full-screen image of each angle in the corresponding zones E _{L (1)} , E _{R (1) of} observation. In the first device configuration considered, the position $$d_{\mathrm{one}}^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

The LC layer 18 ₁ with switching addressing determines the position of both zones E _{L (1)} , E _{R (1) of the} observation in accordance with formula (4).

In the second configuration (Fig. 20), the second particular embodiment of the device according to embodiment 1 is translated by electrical switching using the electronic control unit 7 to provide switching addressing of the LCD layer 19 ₁ and static addressing of the LCD layer 18 ₁ . Thus, the position of the observation zones E _{L (2)} , E _{R (2) is} electrically switched to a position farther from the matrix optical modulator 2 ₁ (relative to their position E _{L (1)} , E _{R (1)} in the first configuration) under condition d ₂ > d ₁ . The logic of the second private embodiment of the device according to version 1 in its second configuration is similar to its logic of its operation in the first configuration with the difference that the required separation of the stereo image angles in the second configuration is carried out using the LCD layer 19 ₁ with switching addressing.

From the time diagrams (Fig. 21) of the operation of the second particular embodiment of the device according to embodiment 1, the asymmetry of the optical response between the two clock cycles of the device is seen in both configurations due to the difference in the times τ ^rise and τ ^{decay of the} LC layer with switching addressing.

, $$E_R^H$$

и $$E_L^V$$

, $$E_R^V$$

наблюдения не меняется вследствие того, что в обоих положениях цветного матричного модулятора 29 периоды расположения адресных прозрачных электродов при коммутируемой адресации ЖК слоя 4₁ согласованы с периодами расположения столбцов изображения в соответствии с формулами (1)-(7) при постоянной величине D.The third private option (Fig) execution of the device according to option 1 works as follows. With the landscape, horizontal arrangement (marked with the letter H) of the color matrix optical modulator 29 in the phase-polarizing modulator 4 for the LCD layer 4 ₁ , the electronic address control unit 7 is used for switching addressing of the first set of address electrodes 27 ₁ -27 _{Y + 1} at zero potential all transparent electrodes 28 ₁ -28 _{X + 1 of the} second set for using the latter as a common ground bus for switching addressing of the LCD layer 4 ₁ . With a portrait, vertical arrangement (marked with the letter V) of the color matrix optical modulator 29 in the phase-polarizing modulator 4 for the LCD layer 4 ₁ , the second set of address electrodes 28 ₁ -28 _{X + 1} is switched by switching electronic addressing at zero potential at all transparent electrodes 27 ₁ -27 _{Y + 1 of the} first set for using the latter as a common ground bus for switching addressing of the LCD layer 4 ₁ . As a result, with a different period of the arrangement of the image columns formed in the landscape and in the portrait arrangement of the color matrix modulator 29, the remoteness of both pairs of zones $$E_L^H$$

, $$E_R^H$$

and $$E_L^V$$

, $$E_R^V$$

the observation does not change due to the fact that in both positions of the color matrix modulator 29 the location periods of the address transparent electrodes for the switched addressing of the LCD layer 4 _{1 are} consistent with the periods of the image columns in accordance with formulas (1) - (7) at a constant value D.

The logic of operation (Fig. 22) of the first particular embodiment of the device according to embodiment 2 (diagram of Fig. 8) corresponds to the logic of operation (Fig. 16) of the first particular embodiment of the device of embodiment 1 (diagram of Fig. 4). In this case, a method for controlling the active parallax barrier, made in the form of sequentially optically coupled linear polarizers 11, two LC layers 12 ₂ , 12 ₁ (represented in the preferred embodiment, LC layers 18 ₁ and 19 ₁ ) and a linear polarizer 13 is implemented.

от матричного оптического модулятора 14₁ по сравнению с расстоянием $$D_2^{\left(2\right)}$$

в первой конфигурации устройства по варианту 2.The logic of the second private embodiment of the device according to option 2 in the first configuration (upper diagram in Fig. 9) corresponds to the logic of operation (Fig. 19) in the first configuration of the second particular embodiment of the device according to option 1 (upper diagram in Fig. 4), when the closest to matrix optical modulator LCD layer works with switching addressing. The logic of the second private execution of the device according to option 2 in the second configuration (lower diagram in Fig. 9) corresponds to the logic of operation (Fig. 19) in the second configuration of the second private embodiment of the device according to option 1 (lower diagram in Fig. 4), when more remote From the matrix optical modulator, the LCD layer works with switching addressing. In the second configuration of the device according to option 2, both surveillance zones E _L , E _R are located at a more remote distance $$D_2^{\left(2\right)}$$

from matrix optical modulator 14 ₁ compared to distance $$D_2^{\left(2\right)}$$

in the first configuration of the device according to option 2.

The spatial resolution of the matrix optical modulator 2 with two-coordinate addressing corresponds to Q display pixels, where Q = X · Y, while X and Y are the number of address buses of the optical modulator 2 along the x and y coordinates, respectively. The full-screen resolution of the observed stereo image during operation of the device corresponds to the reproduction of Q image elements of each (left L and right R) angles of the three-dimensional scene in each full cycle of the formation of the stereo image.

The stereo image quality in the device and method is improved by achieving two main technical results. The first main technical result consists in improving the degree (contrast) of separation of the foreshortenings of the three-dimensional scene due to the mutual compensation of the initial birefringence and chromatic dispersion in each pair of birefringent layers of the working substance (in the preferred particular embodiment, in the pair of LC layers 18 ₁ , 19 ₁ ) made with complementary optical properties (FIGS. 10-12). In this case, high temperature stability of such compensation is achieved, since the temperature fluctuations of the phase shift have different signs in a pair of birefringent (LC) layers 18 ₁ , 19 ₁ with complementary optical properties. The second main technical result achieved in the method and the first particular embodiment of the device according to embodiments 1 and 2 consists in realizing the shape of the optical signal for switching the camera angles of the three-dimensional scene (Figs. 17, 18) close to perfect rectangular shape, which minimizes crosstalk between areas of observation and imperceptibility of flickering of the observed stereo image.

The first additional technical result in the form of a targeted change in the remoteness of the observation zones is achieved in the second particular embodiment of the device according to option 1 (FIGS. 5, 19, 20) due to the possibility of electric switching of its configuration, which provides convenience in observing stereo images for different positions of the observer in range with a fixed position of the device.

The second additional technical result consists in achieving a constant remoteness of the observation zones from the screen of the matrix optical modulator 2 by rotating its screen 90 °, i.e. the transition from the landscape (horizontal H) position of the screen of the matrix optical modulator 2 to the portrait (vertical V) position (Fig.15). The constant remoteness of the observation zones is achieved by selecting on the LCD layer with switched addressing (using the electronic control unit) such a set of transparent transparent electrodes (from two mutually orthogonal sets located on both sides of the same LCD layer), the location period of which corresponds to the location period image columns for the selected angular position of the screen, based on calculations according to formulas (2), (3), (6), (7).

The compatibility of the autostereoscopic display with a 2D image is ensured by electrically switching off the active parallax barrier by converting all birefringent (LC) layers to a high-energy state (using electronic control units 7 or 17 to perform static addressing of each LCD layer).

Industrial applicability

A specific example of a matrix optical modulator 2 or 14 for both device variants is an LCD matrix with pixel addressing using thin film transistors (TFTs) at address bus crossings (LCD TFT matrix), which contains a polarization modulator between two crossed linear polarizers .

For the device according to option 1, a specific example of a matrix image generator (combining a matrix optical modulator 2 and a light source 1) is an OLED matrix [6]. A specific example of a homogeneous oriented LC layer of an active polarization modulator is an LCD π cell [4], its various derivatives [7], including OCB cells [8], which use a liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε> 0, and on which birefringent layers 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ (LC layers 18 ₁ , 19 ₁ ) of phase-polarizing modulators with the same maximum aperture sizes as are characteristic of modern large-format 2D LCD displays can be performed.

Homeotropically oriented (vertically oriented relative to the boundary planes of the LC layer in its initial state) nematic LC cells with negative dielectric anisotropy Δε <0 in thin LC layers [9] also provide high performance, however, they are optimal for display options with a small aperture due to difficulties in realizing homeotropic orientation at large apertures.

It is optimal to use an autostereoscopic display with a fast optical response diagram, for example, when imaging in the form of 100-120 Hz LCD matrices (for example, Samsung Syncmaster 2233RZ type) with a stereo image signal source in the form of a personal computer with an information output on an nVidia graphics card operating under control 3D Vision stereo driver software in the playback mode of 3D camera angle images during T ^retr of LCD matrix backward travel [9]. In this case, the demonstration steps of the stereo image angles are very short (they make up no more than 20-30% of the total frame duration, i.e., the time T ^{retr for} reproducing the image of one angle is about 3 ms). Therefore, the use of any LCD stereo glasses or other means of separation of angles with a standard transition time (of about 1.5-2 ms, determined mainly by the τ ^decay relaxation time of the LCD shutters of the stereo glasses) is problematic to obtain sufficient brightness of the observed stereo image, since during the transition time τ ^decay (comparable to the time T ^retr playback angles) LCD shutters stereo glasses are not fully open, and therefore the image of each angle (and therefore the stereo image as a whole) is perceived low brightness And in an autostereoscopic display with a time response illustrated in Fig. 18, the transition time of the optical response is tens to hundreds of microseconds (determined only by the reaction time T ^{rise of} the LCD layers), which ensures high brightness of the observed stereo image due to the almost complete opening of the optical display channel during total time T ^{retr view} angles.

Electronic switching of two mutually orthogonal sets of address buses to maintain the spatial distance of the observation zones from the screen of the matrix optical modulator 2, 14 (Fig. 15) during its angular rotation is advisable to use for mobile 3D displays in smartphones, communicators, tablet computers.

An additional practical advantage of the stereo display is the versatility of its design due to the additional ability to observe stereo images using passive stereo glasses with a large number of observers for any particular embodiment of the device according to embodiment 1 without using polarizers 5, 9. For this, the LCD layers 4 ₁ and ₄₂ (using electronic of control unit 7) are transferred to equipotential switching addressing mode, i.e. with the same value of the control voltage for all address electrodes in each clock cycle with the algorithm for switching the voltage between its high and low values, corresponding to the optical response diagrams illustrated in Figs. 17, 18.

Claims (11)

1. An autostereoscopic display comprising a light source sequentially located on the same optical axis, an imager and an active parallax barrier, wherein the imaging device is made in the form of a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, equipped with a stereo image signal source, and the active parallax barrier is made in the form of a series optically related polarizer, polarization modulator and polarization analyzer, as well as an electronic control unit, output One of which is connected to the electrical input of the polarization modulator, and the input of the electronic control unit is connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo image signal source, the information output of which is connected to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, while the output of the polarization analyzer is optically coupled to two observation zones, which differs the fact that the polarization modulator is made in the form of a phase-polarization modulator with a working substance in the form along the edge at least one pair of birefringent layers with complementary optical properties of birefringent layers in each pair, and each birefringent layer is equipped with N + 1 spatially one-dimensional address buses, the electrical inputs of which are the electrical inputs of the phase-polarization modulator, where N is the number of image columns on the matrix a light modulator with two-coordinate addressing, the electronic control unit is made with switching addressing and static addressing of birefringent layers, and the distance d ^{( l)} from a birefringent layer with switching addressing to a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, it is defined by the condition d ⁽¹⁾ = D ⁽¹⁾ a ⁽¹⁾ / (b + a ⁽¹⁾ ), where:
D ⁽¹⁾ is the distance from the centers of both observation zones to the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing;
b is the distance between the centers of the two observation zones;
and ⁽¹⁾ is the period of arrangement of image columns on a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing. 2. The display according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis o ₁ for the ordinary beam and the axis e ₁ for the extraordinary ray of one birefringent layer are parallel to the axis e ₂ for the extraordinary ray and the axis o ₂ for the ordinary ray of another birefringent layer, and the polarizer and the polarization analyzer is made in the form of two linear polarizers with mutually parallel or orthogonal polarization axes, which are directed at angles of ± 45 ° to the axes o ₁ , e ₁ , o ₂ and e ₂ . 3. The display according to claim 2, characterized in that ke portions of both birefringent layers corresponding to the kth spatially one-dimensional address tines of both birefringent layers are optically coupled, the distance d ^{(1) being the} same for both birefringent layers, where k is an integer. 4. The display according to claim 2, characterized in that the spatially one-dimensional address buses on the first side of at least one birefringent layer are located with a period $$p_x^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

and are oriented orthogonally to spatially one-dimensional address buses located with a period $$p_y^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

on the other side of the birefringent layer, where $$p_x^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}=a_x^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}\frac{D^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}-d^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}}{D^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}}$$

; $$p_y^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}=a_y^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}\frac{D^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}-d^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}}{D^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}}$$

, wherein:
d is the distance from the birefringent layer to the optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing;
$$a_x^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

and $$a_y^{\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

- periods of the arrangement of pixels of a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate (x, y) addressing along the x and y coordinates, respectively. 5. The display according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, characterized in that the pair of birefringent layers with complementary optical properties is made in the form of a pair of liquid crystal layers with mutually orthogonal directions with a homogeneous orientation of the liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy, while spatially One-dimensional address buses are made in the form of transparent electrodes on each side of each liquid crystal layer. 6. An autostereoscopic display comprising a light source sequentially located on the same optical axis, an active parallax barrier and an imager, while the active parallax barrier is made in the form of sequentially optically coupled polarizer, polarization modulator and polarization analyzer, as well as an electronic control unit, the output of which is connected with an electric input of the polarization modulator, and the image former is made in the form of a matrix optical modulator with two standard addressing, equipped with a stereo image signal source, the output of which is connected to the electrical input of the polarizing optical modulator, and the input of the electronic control unit is connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo image signal source, the information output of which is connected to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, the output of which is optically coupled with two observation zones, characterized in that the polarization modulator is made in the form of a phase an o-polarizing modulator with a working substance in the form of at least one pair of birefringent layers with complementary optical properties of birefringent layers in each pair, with each birefringent layer equipped with N-1 spatially one-dimensional address buses, the electrical inputs of which are the electrical inputs of the phase polarizing modulator, where N is the number of image columns on a matrix light modulator with two-coordinate addressing, and the electronic control unit is made with a switching address and the static addressing of birefringent layers, and the distance d ^{2) from the birefringent layer with switching addressing to the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing is given by the condition d ⁽²⁾ = D ⁽²⁾ a ⁽²⁾ / (ba ⁽²⁾ ), Where:
D ⁽²⁾ is the distance from the centers of both observation zones to the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing;
b is the distance between the centers of the two observation zones;
and ⁽²⁾ is the period of arrangement of image columns on a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing. 7. The display according to claim 6, characterized in that the axis o ₁ for the ordinary beam and the axis e ₂ for the extraordinary ray of one birefringent layer are parallel, respectively, the axis e ₂ for the extraordinary ray and the axis o ₂ for the ordinary ray of another birefringent layer, and the polarizer and the polarization analyzer is made in the form of two linear polarizers with mutually parallel or orthogonal polarization axes, which are directed at angles of ± 45 ° to the axes o ₁ , e ₁ , o ₂ and e ₂ . 8. The display according to claim 7, characterized in that the kth sections of both birefringent layers corresponding to the kth spatially one-dimensional address lines of both birefringent layers are optically coupled, while the distance d ^{(2) is the} same for both birefringent layers where k is an integer. 9. The display according to claim 7, characterized in that the spatially one-dimensional address lines on the first side of at least one birefringent layer are arranged with a period $$p_x^{\left(2\right)}$$

and oriented orthogonally to spatially one-dimensional address lines on the second side of the birefringent layer located with a period $$p_y^{\left(2\right)}$$

where
$$p_x^{\left(2\right)}=a_x^{\left(2\right)}\frac{D^{\left(2\right)}+d^{\left(2\right)}}{D^{\left(2\right)}}$$

; $$p_y^{\left(2\right)}=a_y^{\left(2\right)}\frac{D^{\left(2\right)}+d^{\left(2\right)}}{D^{\left(2\right)}}$$

, wherein:
d ⁽²⁾ is the distance from the birefringent layer to the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing;
$$a_x^{\left(2\right)}$$

and $$a_y^{\left(2\right)}$$

- periods of arrangement of pixels of the optical modulator with two-coordinate (x, y) addressing along the x and y coordinates, respectively. 10. The display according to claim 6, or 7, or 8, or 9, characterized in that the pair of birefringent layers with complementary optical properties is made in the form of a pair of liquid crystal layers with mutually orthogonal directions with a homogeneous orientation of the liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy, while spatially One-dimensional address buses are made in the form of transparent electrodes on each side of each liquid crystal layer. 11. The method of controlling the active parallax barrier of the display, which consists in the fact that using the polarization modulator of the active parallax barrier in the first (second) cycle, the first (second) polarization state is established for the luminous flux of the first (second) group of left-view image columns and the second (first ) the polarization state for the luminous flux of the first (second) group of columns of the image of the right angle and using the polarization analyzer of the active parallax barrier convert the polarization modulation ü modulating the intensity of the light flux by directing the light fluxes of the left and right angles to the left and right observation zones, respectively, characterized in that the polarization state of the light flux of each column of the image of each angle is set using the corresponding pair of sequentially optically connected columns of the first and second liquid crystal layers, respectively with complementary optical properties, while in any identical energy states for both liquid crystal layers In other words, the polarization state of the light flux passing through both columns of the liquid crystal layers does not change, and in two different energy states for the two liquid crystal layers, the transmitted light flux acquires a polarization state orthogonal to the polarization state of the input light flux, at the same time at the beginning of the first cycle to the first energy state translate all the columns of the first liquid crystal layer and even columns of the second liquid crystal layer, leaving in the second energy when standing, the odd columns of the second liquid crystal layer, at the same time, the even columns of the first liquid crystal layer and the even columns of the second liquid crystal layer are simultaneously transferred to the second energy state, at the beginning of the second cycle, all columns of the first liquid crystal layer are simultaneously transferred from the second energy state to the first energy state, and during the second cycle, the odd columns of the first liquid crystal are simultaneously transferred to the second energy state layer and odd columns of the second liquid crystal layer.

Images