RU2490150C1 - Modified laminar acoustic structure of vehicle body upholstery - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to automotive industry, particularly, to vehicle body upholstery. Proposed modified laminar acoustic structure of vehicle upholstery comprises interconnected bearing and mounting parts with face bearing part being made up of solid layer of acoustic material. It differs from known designs in that it is composed of, at least, a moulded face bearing part separated by dead-end chamber formed by flanging of face bearing part filled with crushed arbitrary-geometrical shape fragments of porous breathable and solid airproof acoustic materials. Said separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials filing said dead-end chamber represent products of secondary recycling. Mounting part of modified laminar acoustic structure of vehicle upholstery in the zone of said dead-end chamber is lined with protective sound-conducting layer of acoustic material.

EFFECT: ease of reuse, better acoustical, ecological weight and cost indices.

17 cl, 34 dwg

Description

The invention relates to layered (multilayer) acoustic (sound insulating, sound-absorbing and translucent) structures, mainly body upholstery (hereinafter - MASASOKAS) vehicles (hereinafter - ATS) produced in the form of appropriate types of acoustic noise-reducing materials and parts based on them, designed to reduce them acoustic (noise) radiation. This type of acoustic structure of materials, for a similar purpose, can in some cases be used on other types of noise-generating vehicles, for example, air and water transport, as well as in various types of noise-activated power plants, compressor stations, manufacturing and technological equipment, and household appliances and so forth

A detailed disclosure of the topic of some types, varieties and brands of acoustic materials used in modern PBX structures and the terminology used on this issue is presented in the scientific monograph Automotive Acoustic Materials. Design and study of low-noise construction of vehicles "parts 1 and 2, publ. GOU VPO "Togliatti State University", 2010. Authors M.I. Fesina, A.V. Krasnov, L.A. Pankov, L.N. Gorina [1].

In the description below, the implementation of the claimed technical solution relates to the suppression (lowering of levels) of that part of the sound (acoustic) energy that qualifies as noise, causing adverse harmful effects on the health and well-being of people, including improving the safety of operation of noise-generating technical objects (first of all - turn - vehicles).

Typical varieties of MSASOKAS, regardless of the number of composite layers, can be conditionally formalized as consisting of an assembly part consisting of one or several continuous layers of acoustic materials of sound-absorbing type and a front bearing part of one or more layers of acoustic materials of sound-reflecting sound-proof type (for soundproofing types of materials MSASOKAS), or a soundproof protective and decorative layer, and / or a bearing (frame) layer (for sound-absorbing types of mate rias MSASOKAS). In some cases, the functions of the front bearing part or the mounting part as part of MSASOKAS can be realized by the structure of one continuous monolithic layer made in the form of a non-planar structure of a given geometric shape. The assembly part of MSASOKAS can be made both on the basis of fibrous materials consisting of natural (cotton, silk, jute, sisal, linen, hemp, etc., or animal protein), and synthetic (acrylic, polyester, polyoxadiazole, polyamide, carbon , aramid, polypropylene, nylon, etc.), mineral fibers (basalt, ceramic, glass, etc.), or from foamed open-cell materials (for example, based on urethane, nitrile, vinyl, butadiene-styrene rubbers, etc.). These types of fibers in the manufacturing processes of MASASOKAS can be impregnated with a specific binder containing, for example, phenylmethylpolysiloxane, polyorganoelementosilazane, tetrabromodiphenylpropane, phenolformaldehyde, polyimide, etc., or can be additionally included in the composition of the fibers (the corresponding structures are uniformly distributed throughout the volume from sound-absorbing fibers) hot-melt binder fibers (for example, polypropylene). The structures of the used porous air-blown types of sound-absorbing materials consist of an elastic supporting skeleton, occupying part of its total volume, and numerous communicating cavities and channels (for foamed open-cell materials) or communicating capillary channels (for fibrous materials) filled with elastic air. Compositions based on bitumen, various polymers (polyethylene, polypropylene, a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl chloride), rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) are used as a composite structure of a dense (weighted) air-borne sound-reflecting layer of the front part of the sound insulation type MSASOKAS. , various bitumen-polymer or polymer-rubber compositions, etc.

Sound-absorbing types of MASOKAS used, in particular, for the manufacture of flat-sheet parts (panels, gaskets) of the cabin (passenger compartment), engine compartment, luggage compartment of ATS are known, for example, from the following patent sources:

- German patent No. 3242604, published on 04.24.1984;

- patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 7391, published on 08.16.1998;

- patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 5970, published on 02.16.1998;

- RF patent No. 2209326, published July 27, 2003;

- German patent application No. 10245903, published 01.04.2004;

- RF patent No. 2282544, published on August 27, 2006;

- RF patent No. 2282544, published on August 27, 2006;

- RF patent No. 52809, published April 27, 2006;

- RF application for invention No. 2005132866, published on April 27, 2007.

Various other well-known varieties of sound-absorbing types of MSASOKAS are used for the manufacture of sound-absorbed parts of the interior of the passenger compartment, engine compartment and luggage compartment of the vehicle, endowed with the main (dominant) or additional (concomitant) sound absorption function (as part of multifunctional parts) that are integrally formed with a complex spatial (non-planar) geometric shape. . Whole-formed noise-absorbing parts of ATS, endowed with the main (dominant) sound absorption function, are mounted, in particular, on the surfaces of the front panel panels on the side of the engine compartment, on the body hood panels, on the inner surfaces of the lower screens of the engine compartment, as components of acoustic (noise-reducing) capsules ATS engine compartment (in most cases, for ATS equipped with noise-activated diesel engines). As typical solid-shaped noise-absorbing parts of multi-purpose automatic telephone exchanges, endowed with an additional accompanying sound absorption function, it should be noted the cabin roof upholstery (passenger room), the trunk shelf, door trim, body floor coverings, sidewall trim, trunk lid trim, carpet-type wheel lockers and etc. In addition to the useful acoustic (sound-absorbing) function, these parts perform the supporting, protective and decorative, heat-insulating, sealing and others useful functions.

The sound absorbing types described above, MSASOKAS, used for the manufacture of this type of whole-molded sound-absorbing parts of automatic telephone exchanges, are known, for example, from the following patents (applications):

- US patent No. 5171619, published 12/15/1992;

- RF patent No. 2081010, published on June 10, 1997;

- US patent No. 6820720, published 02.22.2001;

- international application WO No. 02066312, published on 08/29/2002;

- German patent application No. 10332172, published October 21, 2004;

- German patent application No. 202004011483, published December 23, 2004;

- European patent EP No. 1493623, published 05.01.2005;

- UK patent No. 2416737, published 08.02.2006;

- patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 52109, published on 03/10/2006;

- US application No.2006099380, published March 11, 2006;

- US application No. 2007122594, published March 31, 2007;

- European patent EP No. 1878568, published January 16, 2008.

In particular, the European patent for invention No. 1878568, published on January 16, 2008, describes MASASOKAS containing two porous sound-absorbing layers, including a layer of foamed open-celled material and a layer of fibrous material with a structure based on thermoplastic fibers, as well as a front decorative layer of non-woven fibrous needle-punched material, and also contains additional layers that perform useful auxiliary functions. All composite structural layers layers are interconnected ("technologically crosslinked") by the corresponding intermediate thermo-adhesive layers.

UK Patent Invention No. 1505213, published March 30, 1978, describes MASASOKAS containing a porous sound-absorbing layer of foamed open-cell material, a decorative face layer of non-woven fibrous needle-punched material, a toughening layer of a dense (sound-reflecting) material located on the inner surface of the porous sound-absorbing layer .

Japanese Patent Application No. 2006206020, published on 08/10/2006, describes MASASOKAS comprising a layer of porous sound-absorbing material, a front decorative layer and a layer of heat-insulating material located on the inner surface of the porous sound-absorbing layer. Also, said MASOKAS may contain an additional layer of vibration-damping material located on the mating surface of the heat-insulating layer.

In the RF patent for invention No. 2081010, published on June 10, 1997, MASASOKAS is described, made of a layer of porous sound-absorbing material (foamed open-cell or fibrous), lined with a thin air-tight sound-transparent film, and a closed space is formed in which there is a layer of porous sound-absorbing material partially evacuated, which makes it possible to improve sound-absorbing (especially in the low-frequency region), heat-insulating and weight characteristics of MSASOKAS.

In the RF patent for invention No. 2282544, published on 08.27.2006, MASASOKAS is described, containing a layer of porous fibrous or foamed open-cell sound-absorbing material and a protective and decorative layer of a soundproof gas-impermeable material.

In the international application for invention No. 2006/068028, published on June 29, 2006, ISASOKAS is described, which contains a supporting base of metallic material perforated through holes, a porous sound-absorbing layer of fibrous or foamed open-cell material and a protective and decorative layer of soundproof gas-impermeable material. At the same time, the described MASOKAS are hermetically mounted at a predetermined distance from the sound-reflecting surface of the body parts of the vehicle, forming an air cavity such as an acoustic resonator. Thus, a comprehensive mechanism for absorbing sound energy is provided, which is carried out both by a porous sound-absorbing layer and by a perforated carrier base, which forms an acoustic resonator having selective sound-absorbing properties in a given frequency range.

Germany's application for invention No. 102006018090, published on 08/30/2007, describes MASASOKAS containing a supporting base of wood and thermoplastic fibers, a molded porous sound-absorbing layer of fibrous or foamed open-cellular material and a protective and decorative layer of air-blown fibrous material. At the same time, a different thickness is imparted to the molded porous sound-absorbing layer within the front surface of the MASOKAS.

The disadvantage of the above descriptions of sound-absorbing types of MASASOKAS is their insufficiently high sound-absorbing efficiency, due to a number of technical reasons. In particular, while ensuring the necessary compliance with the skeleton requirements (bending stiffness) in some cases, MSASOKAS is performed with increased density and, accordingly, reduced porosity, which causes a corresponding loss of sound-absorbing properties of this type of MSASOKAS. On the other hand, specified by the technical specifications rigid (constrained) layout restrictions on the installation of components and assemblies in the ATS, allow you to use only small-sized thin-walled, limited surface area M ASOKAS (inability to build large silencing elements bounded in cramped spaces small PBX) that ultimately greatly reduces their silencing efficacy and / or limiting their use.

Sound-absorbing types of MASOKAS are intended mainly for absorption of airborne noise, i.e. sound waves propagating through the air and incident on the surface of the porous structure of MASOKAS, followed by irreversible conversion of sound energy into dissipated thermal energy. MSASOKAS are mounted, as a rule, on the most large-sized panels of the PBX body, which are weakly exposed to vibrational excitation, and as a result, weakly emitting their own structural noise (roof panel, hood, trunk lid, etc.). At the same time, the zones of their spatial installation are characterized by the most noisy areas of the PBX spaces.

In contrast to the sound absorbing types described above, MASASOKAS, the soundproof types MASASOKAS are also known, which are widely used for the manufacture of noise-insulating upholstery for a PBX body, for example, in the form of flat-punching (flat sheets of a given geometric shape) or whole-molded (mostly non-planar, repeating complex spatial geometric the shape of the counter mating surface of the body panel) parts that provide a comprehensive noise reduction effect. This complex noise-reducing effect is based both on the absorption (sound absorption) and reflection mechanisms of sound energy, which are generally characterized by various soundproofing parameters (soundproofing ability, transmission loss). This type of flat-cut and solid-formed noise insulation upholstery is installed on the most noise-generating (noise-emitting) panels of the ATS body, which have, as a rule, developed flat areas of surfaces or which contain non-planar reliefs such as pre-stamped or welded amplifiers (for example, the passenger compartment floor and luggage panels compartments, front flap, sidewalls, wheel arches, etc.), which are subjected to intense dynamic structural vibrational excitation and, as a result, radiation having their own intense structural noise, which requires its priority effective suppression.

In particular, MSASOKAS is known for the soundproof type described in the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 51943 published March 10, 2006, comprising a mounting part of a porous sound-absorbing layer of polyurethane foam, a front bearing part of a layer of a dense (weight) polymer air-repellent sound-reflecting material based on an ethylene-propylene compound rubber with polyethylene or a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate having a thickness of 2-3 mm, a specific surface weight of 3.0 ... 4.5 kg / m ² , and also additionally containing "technologically sewn ”with it a decorative layer in the form of carpet.

The UK patent for invention No. 2421251, published on 06/21/2006, describes a sound-insulating MASASOKAS containing a mounting part of a layer of porous air-blown sound-absorbing material based on a mixture of coking acrylic fibers and polyester fibers, a layer of molten polypropylene and a front supporting part of a dense weight sound-reflecting ethylene layer monomer (EPDM).

The UK patent for invention No. 2133388, published on 02.26.1986, describes a sound insulation type MASOKAS containing an installation part of two porous air-blown sound-absorbing layers of foamed elastic material having different resistance to blowing air flow, the front bearing part of a layer of dense weight sound-reflecting material and additional protective and decorative layer in the form of carpet, endowed with sound absorption properties.

The RF patent for invention No. 2296066, published on 03/27/2007, describes a soundproof type MSASOKAS containing a mounting part of a porous air-blown sound-absorbing layer of open-cell polyurethane foam, a protective polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.1 ... 0.5 mm deposited from the back of the mounting part , and the front bearing part of the weight sound-reflecting layer with a thickness of 1.5 ... 2.0 mm material based on polyurethane.

In applications for US patents - No. 2011/0067951, published on March 24, 2011 and its analogue-patent application of the Russian Federation No. 2010/107865, published on September 10, 2011, the sound insulation type ISASKAS is considered, having at least one “heavy” layer and an additional the absorbing layer, while the specified heavy layer, at least in some of its zones, is perforated in such a way that the degree (coefficient) of perforation ensures the sound transparency of MCASOCAS at low sound frequencies (below the natural frequency of the two-layer oscillating system "oscillating Assa "" heavy "layer on the oscillating spring-elastic absorbing layer.

A common technical drawback of the well-known sound insulation types described above, MASASOKAS, is their high specific gravity with insufficiently high acoustic efficiency, which negatively affects the technical and environmental performance of ATS. The high specific gravity is due to the use of a front bearing part made of materials (substances) based on dense heavy components in the data of sound insulation types MSASOKAS, while the achieved insufficient acoustic efficiency of these types of MSASOKAS is caused by their dynamic excitation from the structure of the porous mounting part, with the corresponding transmission of this vibrational excitation of the dense front bearing part, with its subsequent membrane vibrations and corresponding t transformed re-emission of vibrational energy in the form of secondary sound waves, as well as achievable insufficiently high sound-absorbing properties of the used porous mounting part of MSASOKAS.

In addition, the above-mentioned well-known sound-absorbing types of MSASOKAS and sound-proof types of MSASOKAS have unsatisfactory environmental safety indicators due to the implemented "environmentally dirty" technological processes of extraction of feedstock for subsequent production of MSASOKAS from it, and directly in the manufacture of technical devices from them in the form of a variety of noise-reducing materials and parts, including the final stage of their life cycle - in the form of a complete their operation as part of the automatic telephone exchange, with the need for their final disposal, while minimizing (eliminating) the resulting environmental damage from the disposal process at the end of the life cycle of the automatic telephone exchange. As you know, the increasing volumes of extraction of the original mineral hydrocarbon raw materials used for the subsequent production of acoustic materials, taking into account the irreplaceability of these raw materials, leads to their inevitable depletion, with the accompanying ongoing technological processes of environmental pollution, both in the course of its production and subsequent technological recyclable. A significant technical problem is also the typical environmentally hazardous recycling of foamed open-cell acoustic materials, for example, polyurethane foams (characterized by the unsatisfactory suitability of this type of noise-reducing elements and components for recycling technologies after completion of their life cycle, the complexity of dismantling and separation of dissimilar materials). The traditional technological methods of recycled recycling of acoustic materials are associated with complex chemical and technological processes of their splitting, which leads, inter alia, to additional financial costs, and also causes negative environmental pollution. Utilization processing of fragmentation products (for example, fragments of sound-absorbing materials, fibrous semi-finished products, individual layers, etc.) as part of noise-reducing elements, carried out with the aim of extracting electrical, thermal and gas energy hidden in materials of organic origin, slags contained in products fragmentation, requires the use of very complex and expensive technologies. In addition, the products of the utilization fragmentation of noise-reducing elements, as a rule, are not uniform in their structural composition, which requires the use of additional technological operations for their separation and complicates the process of such processing. In the case of disposal of this type of waste by disposing of it in landfills, material costs also increase due to the lack of free places for their disposal, there is a rejection of significant free spaces that could be used for the benefit of society.

Known technical solutions in which the urgent problem of increasing the acoustic efficiency of sound insulation types of MASASOKAS is solved due to the fact that it includes modified (structured) layers of materials that can more effectively reduce the transmission of structural vibrational excitation to a reported external dense, sound-reflecting layer transmitted through the elastic structure of the porous sound-absorbing layer, from the mating oscillating solid surface of a part or ATS unit (for example, tonkolis a marketing panel PBX body). This, ultimately, allows to a certain extent to attenuate the radiation (re-radiation) of the sound by a dense weight sound-reflecting layer, as well as to increase the sound-absorbing properties of the porous mounting part.

In particular, in the international application for invention No. 2005/069273, published on July 28, 2005, the sound insulation type MSASOKAS is described, comprising a mounting part of a layer of foamed open-cell sound-absorbing material, a front bearing part of a dense sound-reflecting material and an additional layer of viscoelastic porous material connected with the lower surface of the mounting part and separating it from the mating oscillating noise-emitting surface of the part (assembly), which accordingly weakens the dynamic excitation in ex composite layers MSASOKAS and improve its sound insulation properties.

In the international application for invention No. 01/92086, published on June 12, 2001, the sound insulation type MSASOKAS is described, comprising a mounting part of five paired layers of extruded porous open-cell sound-absorbing material, a front bearing part of a dense sound-reflecting layer of polyurethane-based material, as well as an additional layer of porous material based on viscoelastic latex.

In the European patent for invention No. 1682385, published on July 16, 2006, the sound insulation type MCASOCAS is described, comprising a mounting part of a layer of porous sound-absorbing material, a front bearing part of a layer of dense sound-reflecting material and an additional porous sound-absorbing layer located on the outer surface of the front part, which attenuates re-emission sound energy produced by an oscillating layer of dense sound-reflecting material, as well as additionally absorbing the energy of air sound waves, pada from the outer side of the space of a noise-related technical object (from the outer open facing side of the surface of a dense sound-reflecting layer).

When using the well-known technical solutions described above that implement the sound insulation type MASASCAS, the problem of increasing their acoustic efficiency is solved to a certain extent. However, the significant drawbacks of the presented technical solutions are the need to use complex technologies for their production and increase the complexity and cost of their manufacture with a concomitant deterioration in weight and dimensions (specific surface weight and thickness) of MSASOKAS. The use of this type of MASASOKAS as part of noise-reducing packages of automatic telephone exchanges often leads to a reduction in the usable space of its passenger compartment (driver’s cabin) or luggage compartment, and also complicates the design process due to the difficult layout of units and systems in this type of “cramped” (limited ) the free spaces of the vehicle body.

Technical solutions are also known in which, to a certain extent, the problem of reducing the specific surface weight of the sound insulation type MSASOKAS is solved due to the alternative use of the front bearing part of MSASOKAS, composed of one or several layers of a non-dense weight sound-reflecting type, but a porous sealed air-blown sound-absorbing layer of material instead of the above , the widespread "classic" version of the application of dense air-blown sound-reflecting th layer. Due to the fact that the total weight of the “classic” versions of the MCASO-CAS soundproof type (containing the mounting part of a porous sound-absorbing material, and the front bearing part of a dense sound-reflecting material) up to approximately 80% is determined directly by the weight of the front bearing part (weight of a dense sound-reflecting layer), then it seems quite natural that the priority task of reducing the weight of this particular most significant part of MSASOKAS seems to be up to its complete exclusion. From a practical point of view, this is achieved by replacing the “classic” version of the spring-mass soundproofing system, consisting of the front bearing part of a dense sound-reflecting layer of material (oscillating mass) and the mounting part of a viscoelastic porous sound-absorbing material (“elastic spring”), by alternative combined soundproofing and sound-absorbing system, called "ultralight". The specified “ultralight” type acoustic system contains two mating porous air-blown parts - the front bearing part of a porous compacted air-blown acoustic (sound-absorbing-sound-insulating) layer of material (“oscillating porous mass”) having (endowed) integral acoustic properties - predominant sound absorption and a certain (lesser) degree, - by the sound reflection properties, as well as the mounting part, composed of a viscoelastic porous sound-absorbing layer low-density material with increased porosity (deformable "porous spring"), which has mainly high sound absorption properties. The front bearing part of such an oscillating (acoustic) system in the form of MASOKAS, having a higher density and mass, relative to the mounting part mounted under it, when sound waves fall on its external porous surface, as well as under the influence of structural dynamic vibrational excitation transmitted from the vibrating side the bearing surface of the body panel (the adjacent wall of a noise-producing technical object, for example, the enclosing body panel), makes its own dynamic vibrations on me Coy viscoelastic "porous spring" (attached to the intermediate porous mounting parts). In such a two-layer (multilayer) porous acoustic structure, which has the properties of through-flow airflow, at the same time, sufficiently high sound-absorbing properties are provided (preserved) associated with the processes of irreversible energy dissipation of sound waves as they pass through the communicating capillary channels of these two mating air-blown porous layers of MASASOKAS. Thus, the conditions and mechanism for the two-sided absorption of sound energy by MSASOKAS are realized, both from the side of emission of sound energy from the supporting structure of the vibrating surface of the part or node of the automatic telephone exchange (for example, the thin-sheet panel of the body of the automatic telephone exchange), on which the MSASOKAS is mounted (from the mounting part), and when airborne sound waves (formed by a diffuse sound field) fall from the noisy side of the vehicle (for example, the passenger compartment, engine compartment or luggage compartment of the vehicle), followed by by passing them through the through porous air-generated structure of two mating layers of acoustic materials - the front bearing part and the mounting part of the MSASOKAS. At the same time, the presence of two (or more) interconnected conjugated porous air-blown layers of different (differing) density, stiffness, and porosity in this type of MASASOKAS determines the corresponding spasmodic drop in wave resistances to the passage of sound waves in porous media of their propagation in the separation zone of the surface pairing these parts, with the creation of an additional sound-reflecting effect in it from the side of the sealed porous air-blown front bearing part (layer) in the direction of the porous air-blown mounting part (layer), which, ultimately, helps to ensure acceptable (higher) acoustic (noise reduction) effectiveness of this type of soundproof MSASOKAS (type "ultralight").

In particular, Japanese application for invention No. 2004/294619, published on 04/26/2006, describes an Ultralight-type IASCASC containing an assembly part made of a layer of porous air-borne sound-absorbing material of reduced density, adhesive bonded using an adhesive sound-transparent layer with a front bearing part made from a layer of porous air-blown compacted (increased density) acoustic material.

In the RF patent for invention No. 2198798, published on 02.20.2003, the Ultralight type ISASOKAS is described, comprising an assembly part from a layer of air-blown porous fibrous or foamed sound-absorbing material and a front bearing part from a layer of sealed, microporous structure, similar to a type of air-blown acoustic material, having a predetermined amount of resistance to blowing with an air stream of 500 ... 2500 H · s · m ^-3 and a specific surface weight of 0.3 ... 2.0 kg / m ² .

In the international application for invention No. 01/40025, published on 06/07/2001, IASASCAS of the "ultralight" type is described, containing several alternating mounting and front bearing parts made of various types of porous air-blown materials, as well as one decorative layer in the form of carpet. At the same time, the used porous air-blown materials have different structural compositions and differing parameters of density and resistance to blowing by the air flow.

U.S. Patent No. 6,700,068, published September 10, 1999, describes an Ultralight MCA-SOKAS comprising an assembly part made of a layer of porous air-borne sound-absorbing material of reduced density and a front bearing part made of a packed layer of porous air-blown acoustic material. In particular, the mounting part is made of fibrous non-woven flat-sheet material with a specific surface weight of not more than 2 kg / m ² and a thickness of not more than 50 mm, or of foamed open-celled material with a density of 16 ... 32 kg / m ³ and a thickness of at least 6 mm. The front bearing part is made of microfiber material with a fiber thickness of 1 ... 10 microns, mainly 2 ... 5 microns, and the resistance value to blowing through the air flow of this material is 500 ... 4000 N · s · m ^-3 .

U.S. Patent No. 6,145,617, published May 7, 1998, describes an ultralight IASC-CAS comprising a mounting portion of at least a layer of porous air-blown sound-absorbing material and a front bearing portion of an air-blown layer based on a microporous acoustic material having the value of resistance to blowing by an air stream is 500 ... 2500 N · s · m ^-3 , specific surface weight is 0.3 ... 2.0 kg / m ² and bending stiffness is 0.05 ... 10.5 N · m.

In the international application for invention No. 98/18656, published on 05/07/1998, the UMLCS type “Ultralight” is described, comprising an assembly part of at least one layer of porous air-blown sound-absorbing material and a front bearing part of an air-blown layer of microporous acoustic material having a size resistance to blowing by an air stream 900 ... 2000 H · s · m ^-3 , specific surface weight 0.3 ... 0.7 kg / m ² , bending stiffness 0.027 ... 0.275 H · m.

European Patent Patent No. 1428656, published June 16, 2004, describes an ultralight MCASOKAS containing a layer of lightweight acoustically transparent film located between a mounting portion of a foam porous air-borne sound-absorbing material of reduced density and a front bearing part of a densified layer of porous air-blown acoustic material . The use of this type of sound insulation MSASOKAS type "ultralight" allows you to directionally "tune" (rationalize) acoustic (sound-absorbing and sound-insulating) properties, balancing (optimizing) the properties (estimated parameters) of sound absorption and sound reflection. At the same time, the material of the front bearing part has a resistance value to blowing by an air stream of 500 ... 2500 N · s · m ^-3 , specific surface weight of 0.2 ... 1.6 kg / m ² . The lightweight layer of an acoustically transparent film is made of a polymeric material (such as polyethylene) and has a thickness of 0.01 mm.

French patent for invention No. 2889617, published on 08/03/2005, describes UMLCASAS of the "ultralight" type, comprising a mounting part of a layer of porous air-blown sound-absorbing material of reduced density, a front bearing part of a compacted layer of porous air-blown acoustic material and a decorative layer in the form of a carpet. The porous, low-density air-blown sound-absorbing layer of the material of the mounting part is made of a mixture of thermoplastic fibers, and the compacted layer of the porous air-blown acoustic material of the front bearing part is made of non-woven fibers mixed with polymerized particles and soft thermoplastic fibers. The porous air-blown compacted layer of acoustic material of the front bearing part in the surface zone of MSASOKAS has at least one technical parameter that varies with different surface distribution - surface weight, thickness, fiber concentration (distribution density per unit volume of the structure), concentration of polymer particles, concentration thermoplastic fibers in predetermined surface and volume zones, determined by the results of previously performed localization of sound fields (expert mental, computational and experimental, by calculation). The layer of porous air-blown sound-absorbing material of the mounting part has at least one variable parameter - surface weight, based on a given change in the structural elements - the concentration of fibers, the concentration of polymer particles. The densified layer of porous air-blown acoustic material of the front bearing part has a density of 150 ... 1500 kg / m ³ , while the density of polymer particles is 500 ... 2000 kg / m ³ , the ratio of the length of polymer particles to their thickness is 5 ... 100. To ensure the specified adhesive properties in the structure of the specified layer, the smallest size of polymer particles should be 3 ... 30 mm.

An integral advantage of the above-mentioned technical soundproofing solutions of MSASOKAS type ultralight (without a dense weighted air-blown polymer sound-reflecting layer, alternatively replaced by a densified porous air-blown layer) is, among other things, the reduction of negative environmental impact due to the exclusion of a dense sound-reflecting layer from the structural composition of MSASOKAS made, as a rule, from non-renewable hydrocarbon natural resources. However, the most significant drawback of MSASOKAS of the ultralight type (without a dense weight air-blasting layer), according to the above-mentioned and well-known technical solutions, is their unsatisfactory acoustic efficiency (high sound transparency) in the low- and mid-frequency sound ranges, as a rule, dominating in typical noise spectra emitted by the telephone exchange. In particular, this becomes critical when using this type of MSASOKAS for practical tasks of attenuating pronounced intense (dominant) low-frequency sound, which takes place, in particular, in automatic telephone exchanges equipped with vibro-noiseless low-speed diesel power units. At the same time, the use of the microporous structure of the compacted air-blown layer of acoustic material of the front bearing part of MSASOKAS necessitates strict (in strict technological tolerances) provision of the specified physicomechanical parameters of resistance to blowing by the air flow, while observing the specified stiffness characteristics of the skeletal structure of the materials of the mating composite layers produced with the use of complex and expensive technological equipment. The conditions for strict observance of the specified technical parameters within the specified framework of strict technological tolerances in the production of component parts of MSASOKAS materials, and their subsequent adhesive surface bonding into a single structural module (using methods of “technological adhesion stitching”) lead to a significant complication and cost of carrying out this type of technological operations, for elimination of the inevitable loss of soundproofing effectiveness of this type of soundproof observance of technological production conditions.

The sound insulation type MSASOKAS is also known, in which an increase in their acoustic efficiency, with potentially possible effects of reducing their specific gravity, is achieved by purposefully imparting to the structure of the porous air-blown acoustic material of the mounting part the specified inhomogeneous (anisotropic) volumetric or surface physical and mechanical properties. In particular, from the RF patent for invention No. 2270767, published on 02.27.2006, MSASOKAS is known, comprising a mounting part made of a layer of foamed open-cell air-blown sound-absorbing material, a front bearing part made of a layer of dense air-blown sound-reflecting material and a decorative layer, in the form of a carpet coverings. In this case, the structure of the porous air-blown sound-absorbing layer of the material of the mounting part is communicated (attached) with a different value of dynamic stiffness within the boundaries of its lower surface mating with the body panel, separate groups of more rigid and relatively soft surface sections of the structure of the porous air-blown sound-absorbing material formed by separate groups of the corresponding cells (pores) of various overall sizes.

In the international application for invention No. 95/29951, published on 09.11.1995, ISASOKAS is described as a soundproof type made of fragment particles of foamed material of various overall dimensions mixed with a small amount of polyurethane dispersion. The formed structural composition has pronounced anisotropy properties, with purposefully distributed parameters of stiffnesses, densities, porosities along the volume-surface structure of MSASOKAS.

The international application for invention No. 0142053, published on 06/14/2001, describes a sound insulation type ISASOKAS containing an installation part made of a layer of porous air-blown sound-absorbing material, a front bearing part made of dense air-blown sound-reflecting material and an external decorative layer in the form of a carpet. At the same time, the structure of the porous air-blown sound-absorbing layer of the material of the mounting part consists of open-cell polyurethane foam obtained using two composite components - polyol and isocyanate, and the proportion of polyol and isocyanate in the mixture in the manufacturing process reports a given anisotropic inhomogeneity of physical properties according to the volume-surface structure of the layer porous breathable sound-absorbing material.

Using the above known technical solutions for the structuring of acoustic materials, based on imparting the anisotropic physical properties of one of the composite structures of MASOKAS, allows, to a certain extent, to increase its soundproofing efficiency, both by increasing the sound absorbing and vibration damping properties of the porous layer of the material of the mounting part. However, the use of such structured modified structures of anisotropic porous materials of the mounting part does not allow to sufficiently effectively reduce their specific gravity and, ultimately, the cost of MSASOKAS. Moreover, due to the high complexity of the applied technological processes, when using expensive technological equipment, the production of this type of anisotropic soundproof MSASOKAS inevitably leads to a significant increase in their cost.

Known MSASOKAS soundproof type, containing structured components with purposeful giving them a given geometric shape, varying in various volumetric-surface zones of stiffness, damping, strength, durability and other technical characteristics, allowing to some extent reduce the transmission of vibrational energy supplied from the lower porous air-blown sound-absorbing mounting layer to the upper weighted sound-reflecting layer transmitted from adjacent to the mon an important layer of the oscillating bearing surface of the panel on which this type of MCASOCAS is mounted in the form of a correspondingly designed upholstery (panel) designed to reduce the noise emission of a given technical object.

In particular, the US application for invention No. 2007/0020447, published January 25, 2007, describes a sound insulation type ISASOKAS comprising a mounting part made up of several interfaced layers and a front bearing part in the form of a single monolithic layer of porous sound-absorbing material based on a polyphenol compound resin and foam, and also contains an external additional decorative layer. The inventive device MCASOCAS may contain from the side of its lower surface of the mounting part an additional vibration damping layer and / or an additional sound-reflecting layer mounted on the upper front side (with the installation of a decorative layer on top of the sound-reflecting layer). The components of MASASOKAS may have prominent structured surfaces (contain blind holes). Moreover, the total projection area of the dead-end cavities (on the front surface of the MASOKAS) is 3 ... 50% of the projected area of the front surface of the MASOKAS, the diameter of the openings of the dead-ends is 0.2 ... 1.3 mm, the depth is 0.3 ... 0.9 from the thickness of the mounting part, and the total thickness of the composite layers of MASASOKAS does not exceed 10 mm.

U.S. Patent Application No. 2007/0085364, published April 19, 2007, describes a sound-insulating ISASCAS type containing a structural sound-reflecting element of the front bearing part made of a polymer material (polyurethane, polypropylene, etc.), the mounting part of one or more interfaced porous air-blown sound-absorbing layers of fibrous or foam material and an additional decorative layer. The structural sound-reflecting element, on its inner side, contains a ribbed skeleton, which, when installed on the vehicle body panel, forms closed separate cavities. The mounting part of MSASOKAS is located on the outside (from the side of the passenger compartment of the ATS) and / or on the inside of the structural element. The formed closed separate cavities between the structural element and the body panel can perform a useful associated function of the formed air ducts of the ventilation and air conditioning system of the passenger room (driver’s cab), also providing (with the option of installing a porous layer on the inside of the structural element) the effect of reducing aerodynamic noise and transported air flow in the specified ventilation and air conditioning system.

U.S. Patent Application No. 2006/0151239, published July 13, 2006, describes a sound insulation type of ISASOKAS comprising a mounting portion of a porous layer of an air-blown sound-absorbing fibrous material and a decorative layer in the form of a protective air-blown fabric or carpet based on synthetic or natural fibers. At the same time, the lower zone of the structure of the mounting part of the MCASOCAS is formed by many protrusions and depressions that have the geometric shape of volumetric bodies of revolution such as an elliptical paraboloid. The depth of the troughs is at least 10% of the thickness of the mounting part. In the formation of relatively large depressions in the structure of the material of the mounting part, to ensure the necessary mechanical properties, the fibers of this layer are stacked vertically or crosswise in the horizontal direction.

The technical solutions presented above and their subsequent analysis with respect to the implementation of various design and technological versions of MSASOKAS are characterized by satisfactory acoustic efficiency, achieved mainly in the high frequency range of the sound spectrum, while in the low and mid-frequency region of the sound spectrum, their acoustic efficiency is insufficient. The disadvantages of the presented MASASOKAS is also a significant complication and rise in the cost of their production technology, which is due to the need to use expensive starting materials obtained from non-replenished raw materials, using sophisticated specialized equipment for technological processes of profile shaping ..

As a prototype, the MSASOKAS device was selected, which is described in the RF patent for invention No. 2369495, published on 10.10.2009, containing conjugated front bearing and mounting parts, each of which is made of at least one layer of acoustic material, while the front bearing part of MASASOKAS is made of acoustic material endowed mainly with sound-reflecting soundproofing properties or combined sound-absorbing and soundproofing properties, and the mounting part is made of porous th acoustic material advantageously endowed with sound-absorbing properties. At the same time, the structure density of the front bearing part exceeds the density of its mounting part. At the same time, at least in one of the layers of the mounting part of MSASOKAS, at least in a limited area of its structure, dead-end cavities of predetermined geometric shapes and sizes are made, and the depth of the formed dead-end cavities does not exceed half the thickness of the layer of the mounting part, characterized by an effective coefficient structuring in the range of 0.02 ... 0.15.

The technical result achieved by the claimed invention consists in a predetermined improvement of the acoustic efficiency of MSASOKAS while reducing the consumption of acoustic material of its mounting part, using recycled structures of acoustic materials to be recycled as the acoustic material of the mounting part of MSASOKAS, while reducing the cost of its manufacture, due to lower consumption of cheapened environmentally friendly raw materials in the production of the assembly part of MSASOKAS.

To achieve a technical result, in the inventive IASCAS, containing interconnected front bearing and mounting parts made of acoustic materials, in which the front bearing part is made of at least one continuous layer of acoustic material, its structure is endowed with predominantly sound-reflecting soundproofing properties , or combined soundproofing and sound-absorbing properties, while its density exceeds the density of the acoustic material of the mounting part endowed with sound-absorbing properties, and in the specified layered acoustic structure, at least one divided dead-end cavity is formed, formed by peripheral flanging of the structure of the front bearing part, which is filled with separate crushed fragments made of acoustic materials containing at least 70% of fragments made of porous air-blown materials, in a mixed composition with separate crushed fragments of dense air-blown materials moreover, each of these types of isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials is more than half the volume of the specified divided dead-end cavity is a product of recycled recycling of structures of acoustic materials, mainly parts and assemblies of noise insulation and noise reduction packages, dismantled from the PBX that have completed their life cycle, or of a similar type and condition of acoustic materials as part of noise insulation and noise absorbing packages (panels, leather s), disassembled from various types of noise-generating technical objects, subject to the process of secondary recycled recycling, or acoustic materials as part of industrial and technological waste and / or rejects for the production of noise-reducing parts and assemblies, noise-insulating and noise-absorbing packages of various technical objects containing acoustic materials subject to secondary recycled recycling, while the mounting part of the modified laminated acoustic of the structure, at least in the area of the divided blind cavity, is additionally lined with a protective layer of translucent material, the overall dimensions of the isolated crushed fragments are characterized by their volume, which are in the range

V _f = 8 × (10 ^-9 ... 10 ^-6 ) m ³ ,

the density of the filling gasket of the divided dead-end cavity by isolated crushed fragments is

ρ _f = 25 ... 60 kg / m ³ .

The divided blind cavity, at least partially, can also be filled with separate crushed fragments made of acoustic materials using the technologies of their production from “new” produced sheet acoustic materials subjected to the subsequent technological process of crushing them into fragments of given shapes and dimensions. At the same time, for economic and environmental reasons, it is undesirable for their quantitative composition to exceed the composition of a similar type of crushed fragments, which are products of secondary recycled processing of the structures of acoustic materials of parts and assemblies in used sound-absorbing packages. The same applies to production defects and waste production of acoustic materials. The front bearing part can be made in the form of a formed volumetric frame element with internal dividing partitions, forming a family of several divided blind cavities. Separated crushed fragments can be made of various types and grades of air-blown fibrous and / or foamed porous structures of sound-absorbing materials, or continuous air-blown structures of acoustic materials with different physical characteristics, different chemical composition, thickness, porosity, quantity and combination of types of layers in the composition of multilayer structures acoustic materials.

The arbitrary geometric shape of isolated crushed porous sound-absorbing fragments implies, in this case, both different and identical geometric shapes, which in this case compromises the layout, technological, and acoustic (with respect to achieving an acceptable sound-absorbing effect) possibilities of their placement inside a divided dead-end cavities (families of divided blind cavities) formed in a continuous monolithic layer of acoustic material of the front carrier STI MSASOKAS.

In this case, the MSASOKAS mounting part is formed by the combination of its several constituent elements - the zones (sections) of the peripheral flanging and the internal dividing partitions of the bulk frame element of a continuous monolithic layer of acoustic material of the front part of the body upholstery, the forming internal embedded element (flat or corrugated), molded corrugated folds-folds of the front bearing part, forming dividing dull marketing cavity sound transmission protective layer of a nonwoven fabric or gas dampproof film overlying stub divided cavity (family of blind cavities separated) and directly crushing distinct fragments of acoustic material, located inside the stall cavity divided (divided in the family of blind cavities).

The external surface of the front bearing part of MSASOKAS can be additionally lined (lined) with a protective and decorative layer of a sound-transparent material endowed with the property of sound absorption, for example, in the form of an adhesive surface “technological stitching” with it sticky adhesive or thermoactive substance of a nap carpet, non-woven fibrous and needle-punched material etc.

In this case, the front bearing part of MSASOKAS can be made of both acoustic material endowed with sound-reflecting soundproofing properties (a dense air-blown version of acoustic material) and acoustic material endowed with combined soundproofing and sound-absorbing properties, mainly sound-absorbing properties (porous air-blown fibrous or open structure with a high, mainly not less than a value of 0.8 sound absorption coefficient and, accordingly, having a low (mainly less than 0.2) sound reflection coefficient in a given range of the frequency spectrum).

In the above description of the proposed technical solution, the term "recycling" means collecting, transporting, developing, disposing of automatic telephone exchanges and disposing of unused waste.

The term "disposal" means the use of waste for good.

The term "waste" means any substance or object, in this case, for example, a part or assembly of a telephone exchange that has completed its life cycle, which the owner of the telephone exchange throws away, or intends to throw away, or they are to be thrown away.

The term "recycling" means the return to production of materials by processing; Recycling is one of the types of disposal (unlike other types of disposal associated with the reuse of parts and assemblies, as they are, or after restoration of their operability, as well as those associated with the generation of energy by burning part of the waste (energy recovery) The use of recycled materials for the manufacture of telephone exchanges is encouraged at the international level, in particular by the action of the European Community Directive (Directive 2000/53 / EC). the performance of automotive components made from recycled materials is improved, special attention is paid to the marking of parts and components of automatic telephone exchanges made of rubber and plastics. manufacturers of automotive components and manufacturers of materials for them are required to use standards for the code designation of components and materials and, in particular availability, to identify those parts and materials that are suitable for recovery, recycling, or energy recovery.

The technological process of disposal of noise-reducing packages of automatic telephone exchanges, as a composite process of recycling automatic telephone exchanges, should include receiving automatic telephone exchanges, disassembling, sorting parts and parts that are unsuitable for reuse, secondary recycled recycling of parts and materials, disposal of residues not suitable for reuse, for recycling , or for burning with energy.

Separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials placed in a divided dead-end cavity (family of divided dead-end cavities) of the front bearing part of the MCASOCAS can be predominantly (occupy more than half the volume of the divided dead-end cavity), or in full, products of recycled recycling of structures of acoustic materials of parts and nodes of noise-absorbing packages, mainly dismantled from the PBX, completed their life cycle, or of a similar type and state a synthetic coatings (panels, casings, screens), dismantled from noise-producing industrial and technological and energy equipment subject to recycling, or industrial and technological waste and marriage of production of noise-reducing parts and assemblies containing acoustic materials that are subject to secondary recycling. In addition to the used crushed fragments made from recycled acoustic materials, the divided dead-end cavity, at least partially, but less than half the volume of the divided dead-end cavity, can be filled with isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials made using the technologies of their production from “new »Produced sheet acoustic materials, subjected to the subsequent technological process of their crushing into fragments of given shapes and dimensions.

Separated crushed porous fragments from acoustic materials can be made of homogeneous or different types and grades of air-blown fibrous and / or foamed porous and / or continuous non-blown structures of acoustic materials with different physical characteristics, different chemical composition, different thickness, porosity, quantity and different a combination of types of structures of porous layers in multilayer structures of acoustic materials.

A protective sound-transparent layer overlapping (lining) the location zone of the divided dead-end cavity (family of divided dead-end cavities), which is part of the MCASOCAS mounting part and mounted on the side of the placement of separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials, can be made of an air-blown layer of polyester aluminized, urethane, polyvinyl vinyl , and other types of gas-impermeable polymer film, or from an air-blown layer of sound-transparent non-woven material such as "maliflis", "filts", fiberglass, and others. In this case, the thickness of the protective sound-transparent breathable layer of a gas-impermeable film is 0.025 ... 0.1 mm, and its specific surface weight is 20 ... 70 g / m ² . The thickness of the protective soundproof layer of the air-blown nonwoven material is 0.025 ... 0.25 mm, the specific surface weight is 20 ... 300 g / m ² , and the specific resistance to blowing it with an air stream is 20 ... 50 N · s · m ^-3 . The use of such types of protective sound-transparent layers allows not only to maintain high sound-absorbing properties of the interconnected porous structures of MASOKAS, but also to exclude dust, moisture, amorphous particles, etc., from entering into the cavity of the separated dead-end cavities, and to prevent the biological decomposition of material particles with the appearance of unpleasant odors, but also, including, to prevent the possible rash of small-sized isolated crushed from acoustic materials fragments from the separated dead-end cavities of MSASOKAS. It is allowed to use technical gauze, a fine-mesh polymer mesh or a microperforated film as an air-blown type of material for a protective sound-transparent layer (for example, for the version of the car body upholstery), when there are no higher requirements for the ingress of various particles and moisture, and it is only necessary to prevent the spillage of small-sized isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials or their particles with the maximum preservation of the properties of sound transparency of this type and the protective layer.

The front bearing part of MCASOCAS, made of acoustic material endowed with predominantly sound-reflecting sound-proofing properties, consists of at least one layer of dense air-repellent sound-reflecting sound-proofing material that does not have sound-absorbing properties. At the same time, for the manufacture of a dense air-blown sound-reflecting soundproofing material of the front part of MSASOKAS, various compositions based on bitumen, polymers (polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride), rubber, rubber derivatives, bitumen-polymer or polymer-rubber diene, ethylene, can be used monomer, etc.

The front bearing part of MCASOCAS, made of acoustic material endowed with combined sound-absorbing and sound-absorbing properties, mainly sound-absorbing properties, consists of at least one layer of compacted porous air-blown sound-absorbing material, for example, fibrous material based on natural (cotton, silk , jute, sisal, flaxseed, hemp, etc., or animal protein), synthetic (acrylic, polyester, polyoxadiazole n, polyimide, carbon, aramid, polypropylene, nylon, etc.), mineral fibers (basalt, ceramic, glass, etc.), or from foam (based on urethane, nitrile, vinyl, styrene-butadiene rubbers, etc.). Fibers in the process of forming a compacted layer can be impregnated with an appropriate binder containing, for example, phenylmethylpolysiloxane, polyorganoelementosilazane, tetrabromodiphenylpropane, phenol formaldehyde, polyimide, etc.

The front bearing part of MASASOKAS can be made in the form of a formed non-planar volumetric frame element with internal dividing partitions forming a family of divided blind cavities. At least one of the formed dividing deadlock cavities can be placed (integrated) embedded mortgage forming internal corrugated perforated element. Perforation holes can be made in the internal dividing partitions of the volume frame element of the MCASOCAC. In the volumetric frame element, the dividing partitions can have various overall dimensions, forming dividing deadlock cavities that differ in volume. Separate divided dead-end cavities, or a group of divided dead-end cavities, can be selectively filled with separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials of various dimensions and geometric shapes, with different physical and mechanical characteristics. Separated dead-end cavities in the structure of at least one continuous layer of acoustic material of the front bearing part can be unevenly distributed over its surface.

Using the proposed technical solution allows you to implement the following positive effects:

- to increase the noise-reducing efficiency of MSASOKAS, due to the emergence of a mechanism of enhanced diffraction edge (edge) effect of absorption of sound energy, realization of an increase in the total surface area of sound-absorbing substances involved in sound absorption processes, including those formed by the end zones of numerous isolated fragmented fragments, and the inclusion of the dissipative scattering mechanism the energy of sound waves propagated in numerous multifaceted airborne between spaces (communicating air cavities between separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials), as well as reducing the degree of hard transmission of dynamic excitation from the vibrating ATS thin-sheet carrier panel through the flexible, damping mounting part of the MCASOCAS towards the front bearing part of the MCASOCAS and, as a result, elimination (attenuation) of radiation by it (the front bearing part) of its own spurious structural sound;

- reduce negative environmental pollution by generated industrial and technological waste due to useful compensation substituting for the sale of materials and technological processes by products of recycled recycling processing of noise-reducing structures of parts made from acoustic materials of parts of noise-absorbing and noise-insulating packages dismantled from exchanges with a developed life (completed life cycle), presented, for example, as part of a typical noise reduction sets of automatic telephone exchanges, such as sound-absorbing and noise-insulating body packages, and various polymer multifunctional (with pronounced acoustic functions) interior parts of the driver’s cab (passenger compartment), or of a similar type and condition of acoustic materials and coatings (panels, claddings, covers, screens) used as a part of various noise-generating technological (production), or power equipment, construction objects, etc., produced in exchange for alternative typical “environmentally dirty” disposal of them (for example, energy recovery of this type of material by burning or landfill);

- reduce the economic costs of eliminating the consequences of the negative environmental impact associated with the production of a smaller amount of feedstock, demanded for the subsequent production of structures of acoustic materials (by their equivalent substitutive compensatory replacement with used recycled waste, which would otherwise be typical alternative processes for them " environmentally dirty "disposal by appropriate incineration and / or disposal).

The analysis of scientific, technical and patent documentation on the priority date in the main and related sections of the MKI shows that the set of essential features of the claimed technical solution was not previously known, therefore, it meets the patentability condition of “novelty”.

The analysis of known technical solutions in this technical field showed that the claimed MASASOKAS has features that are absent in the known technical solutions, and their use in the claimed combination of features makes it possible to obtain a new technical result, therefore, the proposed technical solution has an inventive step compared to the existing level technicians.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, because can be manufactured industrially, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly, therefore, meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Other features and advantages of the claimed invention will become apparent from the drawings and the following detailed description of the claimed technical solution, where:

- Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional diagram of MSASOKAS using an example of upholstery mounted on the surface of an ATS body floor (cab) containing a front bearing part made of a continuous monolithic layer of a porous compacted air-blown acoustic material endowed with combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly - sound-absorbing properties forming a volumetric frame element with divided blind cavities of the same height, formed by the peripheral flanging of the cuso upholstery and internal dividing walls filled with separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while MCA-SOKAS is lined on the outside of the front bearing part with an additional protective and decorative layer of a non-woven fleece-type non-woven material, and the mounting part of MCASOCAS is formed by the combination of several components directly adjacent to it to the supporting thin-sheet panel of the floor of the ATC body - a sound-transparent adhesive layer (not shown) overlapping the dividing upikovye cavity in contact with the surface of the panel and the forward bulkhead body floor portions of the peripheral flange MSASOKAS and internal baffles surround the front portion of the frame member directly distinct crushed fragments made of acoustical material located within the dead-end cavities formed separated;

- figure 2 presents a diagram of a longitudinal section of the MSASOKAS on the example of the upholstery of the bodywork (cab) of the ATS containing the front bearing part made of a continuous monolithic layer of a porous compacted air-blown acoustic material endowed with the combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly - sound-absorbing properties, forming volumetric frame element with divided dead-end cavities of the same height, formed by the peripheral flanging of the body upholstery and internal p with separate partitions filled with isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while MCASOCAS is lined on the outside of the front bearing part with a protective and decorative layer of a non-woven fabric non-woven material, and the mounting part of MCASOCAS is formed by a combination of several components directly adjacent to the supporting thin-sheet body roof panel ATS — a translucent adhesion layer (not shown) that overlaps the dividing dead-end cavities in contact and the surface portions of the roof panel and a peripheral flange MSASOKAS internal baffles surround the front portion of the frame member directly distinct crushed fragments of acoustic materials located inside dead-end cavities separated;

- figure 3 presents a fragment of the cross-section of MASASOKAS mounted on the supporting thin-sheet panel of the ATS (body floor panel of the ATS), including the mounting part formed by the combination of several components of the MASASOKAS adjacent to the supporting thin-sheet panel of the ATS, in particular, a protective layer of a soundproof layer of non-woven material or a gas-impermeable film covering the divided dead-end cavity, and directly separated crushed fragments of acoustic materials inside the section hydrochloric stall cavity, the front bearing part - of a continuous monolithic layer vozduhoneproduvaemogo dense sound-reflecting material, preferably endowed with sound-proofing properties, additionally mounted with the outer decorative layer facing;

- figure 4 presents a fragment of the cross-section of MASASOKAS mounted on the supporting thin-sheet panel of the ATS (body floor panel of the ATS), including the mounting part formed by the combination of several components of the MASASOKAS adjacent to the supporting thin-sheet panel of the ATS, in particular, a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a gas-impermeable film covering the divided dead-end cavity, and directly separated crushed fragments of acoustic materials inside the isolated dead end cavity, the front bearing part - from a continuous monolithic layer of compacted porous air-blown acoustic material endowed with the combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly - sound-absorbing properties;

- figure 5 presents a fragment of the cross-section of MASASOKAS mounted on a supporting thin-sheet automatic telephone exchange panel, including the front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of dense air-deflecting sound-reflecting material, endowed with predominantly sound-proofing properties, forming a three-dimensional frame element with separated dead-end cavities formed by internal dividing walls separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials, while MSASOKAS from the side of its installation on the supporting thin-sheet panel is covered (lined) with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a gas-impermeable film, which, in combination with the internal sections of the dividing walls, including separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials adjacent to the surface of the protective sound-transparent layer and the supporting thin-body body panel, form mounting part of MSASOKAS;

- Fig.6 shows a fragment of the cross-section of MASASOKAS mounted on the supporting thin-sheet ATS panel, which includes the front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of compacted air-blown porous acoustic material endowed with combined soundproofing and sound-absorbing properties, mainly - sound-absorbing properties that form a volumetric frame element with internal partitions forming divided dead-end cavities filled with isolated crushed fragments materials from acoustic materials, while MCASOCAS from the side of its installation on the supporting thin-sheet panel is covered (lined) with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a sound-transparent gas-moisture-proof film, which, in combination with sections of the separation walls that are in contact with the surface of the support sheet of the ATC, including separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials adjacent to the surface of the protective sound-transparent layer and the supporting thin-sheet body panel form the important part of ISASOCAS;

- Fig. 7 shows a fragment of the MCASOCAS section mounted on a support sheet of an automatic telephone exchange panel, including a front bearing part of a solid monolithic layer of dense air-deflecting sound-reflecting material, endowed with predominantly sound-proofing properties, forming a three-dimensional frame element with internal dividing walls of the perforated perforation structure forming communicating interconnected dead-end cavities that are filled with separate crushed fr acoustic materials, while MCASOCAS from the side of its installation on the supporting thin-sheet panel is covered (lined) with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a gas-impermeable film, which in combination with sections of the separation walls in contact with the surface of the thin-sheet ATC panel, including isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials adjacent to the surface of the protective sound-transparent layer and the supporting thin-body panel of the body, form the mounting part MSASOKAS;

- Fig. 8 shows a fragment of the MCASOCAS section mounted on a support sheet of an ATC panel, including a front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of compacted air-blown porous acoustic material endowed with combined soundproofing and sound-absorbing properties, mainly - sound-absorbing properties that form a volumetric frame element with internal partitions perforated design, forming interconnected perforation holes divided dead-end cavities filled with separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials, while the MASASOKAS from its installation on the carrier panel is covered (lined) with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a soundproof gas-impermeable film, which in combination with sections in contact with the surface of the carrier sheet of the ATC panel dividing walls, including isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials adjacent to the surface of the protective soundproof LfTetanus layer and the carrier sheet body panels to form a mounting portion MSASOKAS;

- Fig.9 shows a fragment of the cross-section of MASASOKAS mounted on the carrier sheet of the automatic telephone exchange, including the mounting part formed by a combination of several components of MASASOKAS adjacent to the carrier sheet of the automatic telephone exchange (in contact with its surface), in particular, in contact with the surface of the carrier sheet ATS of the sections of the forming internal corrugated embedded mortar of the perforated element forming the corresponding divided dead-end cavities and made of polymer a metallic or metallic material, a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material, or a gas-impermeable film covering the separated dead-end cavities, and directly separated crushed fragments of acoustic materials inside the separated dead-end cavities, of the front bearing part, made of a continuous monolithic layer of dense air-proof sound-reflecting material endowed with soundproofing properties;

- figure 10 presents a fragment of the cross-section of MASASOKAS mounted on the carrier sheet of the automatic telephone exchange, including the mounting part, formed by a combination of several components of MASASOKAS adjacent to the supporting thin-panel panel of the ATS, in particular, in contact with the surface of the supporting thin-panel panel of the ATS sections of the forming internal corrugated embedded perforated element forming the corresponding separated dead-end cavities and made of a polymer or metal material a, a protective sound-transparent layer of a nonwoven material or a gas-impermeable film that overlaps the separated dead-end cavities, and directly separated crushed fragments of acoustic materials located inside the isolated dead-end cavities, the front bearing part, made of a continuous monolithic layer of compacted porous air-blown acoustic material endowed with pronounced properties sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly - sound-absorbing properties;

- Fig. 11 shows a fragment of the MCASOCAS section mounted on a supporting thin sheet ATC panel, including a front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of compacted air-blown porous acoustic material endowed with combined soundproofing and sound-absorbing properties, mainly - sound absorption properties, coupled with a layer of a continuous monolithic dense air-blown porous acoustic material endowed with sound-absorbing properties, forming about a lifting element with internal dividing walls that form divided cylindrical deadlock cavities filled with separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while the MASASOKAS from its installation on the supporting thin-sheet panel is covered (lined) with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a soundproof gas-moisture-proof film, which in combination with sections of dividing walls in contact with the surface of the carrier sheet of the automatic telephone exchange, including isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials adjacent to the surface of the protective sound-transparent layer and the supporting thin-sheet body panel form the mounting part of MSASOKAS;

- Fig. 12 shows a fragment of the MCASOCAS section mounted on a support sheet of an automatic telephone exchange, including a front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of compacted air-blown porous acoustic material endowed with combined soundproofing and sound-absorbing properties, mainly - sound absorption properties, coupled with a layer of a continuous monolithic dense air-blown porous acoustic material endowed with sound-absorbing properties, forming about a lifting element with internal dividing walls that form divided cylindrical deadlock cavities filled with separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while the MASASOKAS from its installation on the supporting thin-sheet panel is covered (lined) with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a soundproof gas-moisture-proof film, which in combination with sections of dividing walls in contact with the surface of the carrier sheet of the automatic telephone exchange, including separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials adjacent to the surface of the protective sound-transparent layer and the supporting thin-body body panel form the mounting part of the MASOKAS, while the MASOKAS from the outside of the front bearing part is additionally lined with a protective and decorative layer of a translucent non-woven material of pile type;

- Fig. 13 shows a fragment of the MCASOCAS section mounted on a support sheet of an automatic telephone exchange, including a front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of dense air-blown acoustic material, endowed with predominantly sound-reflecting properties, a continuous monolithic layer conjugated with it of air-blown porous acoustic material, endowed with forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls forming a divided dead end truncated cone shaped cavities filled with isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials, while the MASASOKAS from its installation on the supporting thin-sheet panel is lined with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a soundproof gas-impermeable film, which in combination with contacting the surface of the carrier thin-sheet ATS panels with sections of dividing walls, including isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials adjacent to the surface of the shield a sound translucent layer and a supporting thin-sheet body panel form the mounting part of MSASOKAS;

- Fig. 14 shows a fragment of the MCASOCAS section mounted on a support sheet of an automatic telephone exchange panel, including a front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of dense air-blown acoustic material, endowed with predominantly sound-reflecting properties, a continuous monolithic layer conjugated with it of air-blown porous acoustic material, endowed with forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls forming a divided dead end cone-shaped cavities filled with separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials, while MCASOCAS from its installation on the supporting thin-sheet panel is lined (lined) with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a soundproof gas-impermeable film, which, in combination with contacting the surface of the carrier thin-sheet panel ATS by sections of dividing walls, including isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials adjacent to the surface of the protective sound a transparent layer and a supporting thin-body panel of the body, form the mounting part of MSASOKAS;

- Fig. 15 shows a fragment of the MCASOCAS section mounted on the ATS thin-sheet carrier panel, including the front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of dense air-blown acoustic material, endowed with predominant sound-reflecting properties, associated with it a continuous monolithic layer of air-blown porous acoustic material, endowed forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls forming divided dead ends e cavities in the form of a cylinder with a rounded (tented) apex, filled with separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while the MASASOKAS from its mounting side on the supporting thin-sheet panel is covered (lined) with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a soundproof gas-impermeable film, which in combination with sections of dividing walls in contact with the surface of the carrier sheet of the automatic telephone exchange, including isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials, adjacent extending to the surface of the protective sound-transparent layer and the supporting thin-sheet body panel, form the mounting part of MSASOKAS;

- Fig. 16 shows a fragment of the MCASOCAS section mounted on a support sheet of an ATC sheet panel, including a front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of dense air-blown acoustic material, endowed with predominant sound-reflecting properties, a continuous monolithic corrugated layer of air-blown porous acoustic material paired with it, forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls forming a section sealed dead-end cavities (on both sides of the layer) filled with separate sound-absorbing fragments of acoustic materials, while MCASO-KAS from its installation on the supporting thin-sheet panel is covered (lined) with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a soundproof gas-impermeable film, which in combination with sections of dividing walls in contact with the surface of the carrier sheet of the automatic telephone exchange, including isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials, adjoining e sound transmission to a surface protective layer and the carrier sheet body panels to form a mounting portion MSASOKAS;

- on Fig presents a fragment of the cross-section of MASOKAS mounted on the supporting thin-sheet panel ATS, including the front bearing part of a solid monolithic layer of dense air-blown acoustic material, endowed with predominantly sound-reflecting properties, paired with it a continuous monolithic layer of air-blown porous acoustic material endowed with forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls forming a divided dead end cavities (on both sides of the layer) in the form of a cone filled with isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials, while the MASASOKAS from its installation on the supporting thin-sheet panel is covered (lined) with a protective sound-transparent layer of non-woven material or a soundproof gas-impermeable film, which in combination with sections of the dividing walls that are in contact with the surface of the carrier sheet of the ATC panel, including isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials adjacent to the surface the awnings of the protective soundproof layer and the supporting thin-sheet body panel form the mounting part of MSASOKAS;

- on Fig presents a view on the back surface of the layer of air-blown porous acoustic material of the front bearing part (or a continuous monolithic layer of air-blown porous acoustic material) MSASOKAS, forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls, forming a divided dead-end cavity having a circular shape in longitudinal section, filled with a circle isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials;

- on Fig presents a view on the back surface of the layer of air-blown porous acoustic material of the front bearing part (or a continuous monolithic layer of air-blown porous acoustic material) MSASOKAS, forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls, forming a divided dead-end cavity having a square shape in longitudinal section, filled isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials;

- Fig. 20 shows a view of the rear surface of the air-blown porous acoustic material of the front bearing part (or a continuous monolithic layer of the air-blown porous acoustic material) of MSASOKAS forming a volumetric element with internal dividing baffles forming divided dead-end cavities having a longitudinal section in the form of a hexagon filled with separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials;

- on Fig presents a view on the back surface of the air-blown porous acoustic material of the front bearing part (or a continuous monolithic layer of the air-blown porous acoustic material) MSASOKAS, forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls, forming a divided dead-end cavity having a longitudinal section of a polygon filled with separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials;

- on Fig presents a view on the back surface of the air-blown porous acoustic material of the front bearing part (or a continuous monolithic layer of the air-blown porous acoustic material) MSASOKAS, forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls, forming divided dead-end cavities of identical overall dimensions, having a shape in longitudinal section circles located misaligned (staggered) and filled with separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials at;

- on Fig presents a view on the back surface of the air-blown porous acoustic material of the front bearing part (or a continuous monolithic layer of the air-blown porous acoustic material) MSASOKAS, forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls, forming a divided dead-end cavity of various overall dimensions, having a shape in longitudinal section circles located misaligned and filled with separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials;

- on Fig presents a view on the back surface of the air-blown porous acoustic material of the front bearing part (or a continuous monolithic layer of the air-blown porous acoustic material) MSASOKAS, forming a volumetric element with internal dividing walls, forming a divided dead-end cavity of various overall dimensions, having in longitudinal section various geometrical figures, for example, a circle and a hexagon, located misaligned and filled with separate crushed shapes segments of acoustic materials;

- Fig.25 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section of MASASOKAS on the example of the upholstery of a vehicle body (cab) roof, containing the front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of a porous compacted air-blown acoustic material endowed with the combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly - sound-absorbing properties, forming a volumetric frame element with divided dead-end cavities of various heights (of various dimensions in the given spatial zones of the automatic telephone exchange) filled with isolated fragments of acoustic materials, while MCA-SOKAS on the outside of the front bearing part is lined with a protective and decorative layer of a soundproof non-woven pile-type material, and the mounting part of the MCASOCAS is formed by the combination of several components that are directly adjacent to the mating surface of the supporting thin-sheet panel of the vehicle body roof - a protective soundproof layer (not shown) of non-woven material or a gas-impermeable film covering the dividing dead ends and contacting the mating surface of the carrier sheet roof panel body PBX portions MSASOKAS peripheral flange and the end portions of internal baffles surround the frame member, and - directly distinct crushed fragments of acoustic materials located inside dead-end cavities formed separated;

- Fig.26 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section of the MSASOKAS on the example of the upholstery of a vehicle body (cab) roof, containing the front bearing part from a continuous monolithic layer of a porous compacted air-blown acoustic material endowed with the combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly - sound-absorbing properties, forming a volumetric frame element with perforated partitions forming perforation holes communicating separated dead-end cavities of various dimensions in these spatial zones of the telephone exchange, filled with isolated fragments of acoustic materials, while the MASASOKAS from the outside of its front bearing part is additionally lined with a decorative layer of soundproof non-woven material of the “filts” type, and the mounting part of the MASASOKAS is formed by the combination of several of its constituent elements directly adjacent to the mating the surface of the carrier sheet panel of the roof of the ATC body - a protective sound-transparent layer (not shown) of non-woven material or gas-moisture-proof itsaemoy film overlapping dividing blind cavity in contact with the mating surface of the carrier sheet roof panel body PBX portions MSASOKAS peripheral flange and the end portions of internal partition walls, and - directly distinct crushed fragments of acoustic materials located within separate cavities deadlock;

- Fig.27 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section of the MCASOCAS on the example of the upholstery of the hood of a PBX body, containing the front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of porous compacted air-blown acoustic material endowed with the combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly - sound-absorbing properties, forming a volumetric frame element with divided dead ends cavities of the same height filled with separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while MS SOKAS on the outside of the front bearing part is lined with a decorative layer of soundproof non-woven material of the “maliflis” type, and the mounting part of the MCASOKAS is formed by the combination of several of its constituent elements directly adjacent to the mating surface of the carrier sheet of the ATC hood - a protective sound-transparent layer (not shown) of non-woven material or gas-impermeable film overlapping dividing dead-end cavities in contact with the mating surface of the carrier sheet the bonnet of the vehicle body of the automatic telephone exchange of the peripheral flanging sections of MSASOKAS and the end sections of the internal dividing partitions, as well as directly separated crushed fragments of acoustic materials inside the isolated dead-end cavities;

- Fig. 28 is a diagram of a longitudinal section of the MCASOCAS using an example of an upholstery of a vehicle body hood containing a front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of a porous compacted air-blown acoustic material endowed with the combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly sound-absorbing properties, forming a volumetric frame element with perforated walls forming perforation holes communicating divided dead-end cavities of the same height, filled crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while MASASOKAS from the outside of the front bearing part is lined with a protective and decorative layer of a soundproof non-woven material of the “malifliz” type, and the mounting part of the MASASOKAS is formed by the combination of several components that are directly adjacent to the mating surface of the supporting thin-sheet hood panel PBX body - a protective soundproof layer (not shown) of a non-woven material or a gas-impermeable film covering the sections Yelnia blind cavity in contact with the mating surface of the carrier sheet panel of the hood body PBX portions MSASOKAS peripheral flange and the end portions of internal partition walls, and - directly distinct crushed fragments of acoustic materials located within separate cavities deadlock;

- Fig.29 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section of MASASOKAS on the example of an upholstery of a vehicle body hood containing a front bearing part made of a continuous monolithic layer of porous compacted air-blown acoustic material endowed with the combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly sound-absorbing properties, forming a volumetric frame element with divided blunts cavities of the same height formed by molded corrugated bends (folds) of the front bearing part, for filled with separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while MASASOKAS from the outside of the front bearing part of a continuous layer of a porous compacted acoustic material is lined with a protective and decorative layer of a soundproof non-woven material of the “maliflise” type, and the mounting part of the MASASOKAS is formed by a combination of several components directly adjacent to it to the mating surface of the carrier sheet panel of the hood of the body of the PBX - a protective soundproof layer (not shown) netka material or a gas-impermeable film covering the dividing dead-end cavities in contact with the mating surface of the supporting thin-sheet panel of the vehicle body bonnet of the MCASOCAS peripheral flanging sections and molded corrugated folds-folds of the front bearing part, as well as directly isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials inside isolated dead-end cavities;

- Fig. 30 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section of the MCASOCAS by the example of an upholstery of a vehicle body hood containing a front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of a porous compacted air-blown acoustic material, mainly endowed with combined sound absorption properties, mainly sound-absorbing properties, forming a volumetric frame element forming a divided dead end cavities of various heights formed by formed corrugated bends - folds of the front bearing h parts filled with isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while MCASOCAS on the outside of the front bearing part is lined with a protective and decorative layer of soundproof non-woven material of the “maliflis” type, and the mounting part of MCASOCAS is formed by the combination of several components that are directly adjacent to the mating surface of the carrier thin-panel panel of the hood of the body of the ATS - a protective soundproof layer (not shown) of a non-woven material or a gas-impermeable film, discontinuity dividing blind cavity in contact with the mating surface of the carrier sheet panel of the hood body PBX, the peripheral flange portions and molded MSASOKAS corrugated kinks-folds the front support part, and - directly distinct crushed fragments of acoustic materials located within separate cavities deadlock;

- on Fig presents a diagram of a longitudinal section of MSASOKAS on the example of an upholstery of the trunk lid of a PBX containing a front bearing part of a solid monolithic porous compacted air-blown acoustic material endowed with the combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly - sound-absorbing properties, forming a volumetric frame element with separated dead ends cavities of the same height filled with separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while m MSASOKAS from the outside of the front bearing part is lined with a protective and decorative layer of a soundproof non-woven material of the “malifliz” type, and the mounting part of MSASOKAS is formed by the combination of several components that are directly adjacent to the mating surface of the carrier sheet of the trunk lid of the ATC bodywork - a protective soundproof layer ( not shown) a nonwoven material or a gas-impermeable film overlapping dividing deadlock cavities in contact with the mating surface by the supporting sheet-metal panel of the trunk lid of the ATC bodywork of the peripheral flanging sections of MSASOKAS and internal dividing partitions, as well as directly separated crushed fragments from acoustic materials located inside the isolated dead-end cavities;

- Fig. 32 is a diagram of a longitudinal section of the MCASOCAC using an example of a trunk lining for a PBX containing a front bearing part made of a continuous monolithic layer of porous compacted air-blown acoustic material endowed with the combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly sound-absorbing properties, forming a volumetric frame element with the resulting divided by dead-end cavities of the same height, formed by formed corrugated fold-folds of the front bearing part, filled with separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while MSASOKAS from the outside of the front bearing part is lined with a protective and decorative layer of a soundproof non-woven material of the “malifliz” type, and the mounting part of MSASOKAS is formed by the combination of several components that are directly adjacent to the mating the surface of the carrier sheet of the trunk lid of the ATC bodywork - a protective soundproof layer (not shown) of non-woven material or gas a non-impermeable film covering the dividing deadlock cavities in contact with the mating surface of the carrier sheet of the trunk lid of the ATC bodywork of the peripheral flanging sections of MCASOCAS and the corrugated folds-folds of the front bearing part, as well as directly separated crushed fragments of acoustic materials inside the isolated dead ends;

- Fig. 33 is a diagram of a longitudinal section of the MCASOCAS using an example of an upholstery of a trunk lid of a PBX body containing a front bearing part of a continuous monolithic layer of porous compacted air-blown acoustic material endowed with the combined properties of sound absorption and sound insulation, mainly sound-absorbing properties, which form the volumetric frame element formed divided by dead-end cavities of various heights, formed by formed corrugated folds-folds of the front bearing part, filled with separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials, while MSASOKAS from the outside of the front bearing part is lined with a protective and decorative layer of a soundproof non-woven material of the “malifliz” type, and the mounting part of MSASOKAS is formed by the combination of several components that are directly adjacent to the mating the surface of the carrier sheet of the trunk lid of the ATC bodywork - a protective sound-transparent layer (not shown) of non-woven material or gas moisture an impermeable film covering the dividing deadlock cavities in contact with the mating surface of the carrier sheet of the trunk lid of the ATC body of the peripheral flanging of the trunk lid and formed corrugated folds-folds of the front bearing part, as well as directly isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials inside the isolated dead ends ;

On Fig presents a diagram of a fragment of the mating surface of the mounting part ("technologically stitched" with the counter surface of the front part) using a sound-transparent adhesive adhesive layer, in which to improve its sound transparency made perforations;

The following notation is introduced in the figures shown:

1 - front bearing part of ISASOCAS;

2 - mounting part of MSASOKAS;

3 - dead-end cavity (divided dead-end cavities);

4 - isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials;

5 - a protective layer of translucent material;

6 - a carrier sheet of a PBX (for example, a body panel of a PBX);

7 - external facing decorative layer;

8 - soundproof adhesive adhesive layer;

9 - holes perforation adhesive adhesive layer.

10 - panel of the roof of the vehicle;

11 - reinforcing element (stiffener) of the carrier sheet panel ATS;

12 - a protective and decorative layer of translucent material;

13 - volumetric frame element of the front bearing part with continuous (non-perforated) internal dividing partitions;

14 - volumetric frame element of the front bearing part with internal dividing walls of the perforated structure;

15 - panel of the hood of the body of the PBX;

16 - forming the inner corrugated mortgage perforated element of the front bearing part;

17 - panel trunk lid ATS;

18 - hole perforation of the internal dividing walls of the bulk frame element of the front bearing part;

19 - peripheral flanging MSASOKAS;

20 - internal dividing partitions of an upholstery of a body;

21 - corrugated folds-folds of the front bearing part, forming a divided dead-end cavity;

22 - a continuous monolithic layer of air-blown porous acoustic material;

23 - dashboard panel;

24 - panel of the front floor of the body.

According to the first independent claim, MSASOKAS contains interconnected front carrier 1 and mounting 2 parts, in which the front carrier part 1 is made of at least one continuous layer of acoustic material, and the structural density of the specified continuous layer of acoustic material of the front carrier part 1 endowed with sound-reflecting sound-insulating properties or combined sound-insulating and sound-absorbing properties, mainly sound-absorbing properties, exceed the density value of the acoustic materials of the components of the mounting part 2 endowed with soundproof and sound-absorbing properties, while formed in the structure of the front bearing part 1 made of a continuous monolithic layer of dense air-blown sound-reflecting sound-proof material endowed mainly with sound-proofing properties or combined sound-absorbing and sound-absorbing properties, mainly properties contains at least one and a divided dead-end cavity 3, filled with isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4 of arbitrary geometric shape, but of limited overall dimensions, characterized by their volumes, containing at least 70% of sound-absorbing fragments made of porous air-blown acoustic materials, and the rest of the mixed composition Separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials are occupied by fragments from dense air-blown structures of acoustic materials. fishing, which are mainly products of recycled recycling of the structures of acoustic materials of parts and assemblies of noise-absorbing and noise-insulating packages, mainly dismantled from the PBX that have completed their life cycle, or of a similar type and condition of acoustic coatings of noise-generating technical objects (panels, gaskets, casings, screens ), dismantled from a variety of noise-related production, technological and energy equipment subject to secondary disposal recycling, or industrial and technological waste and rejects for the production of noise-reducing parts and assemblies containing acoustic materials that are subject to secondary recycling, as well as the subsequent provision of technical capabilities for the mixed filling of the volume of the divided dead-end cavity, if necessary, both recycled and “new” produced acoustic materials from which the isolated crushed fragments 4 are made, subject to the conditions for the use of separate crushed flax fragments 4 made of “new” acoustic materials in a limited amount of filling the divided blind cavity 3 are less than half of the total volume mixed with recycled acoustic materials, while the connecting surface of the supporting sheet panel of the ATC body, the mating surface of the mounting part 2 of MCASOCAS is formed by its combination of several constituent elements directly adjacent to the supporting sheet-metal panel of the ATC 6 body, namely, a protective sound-transparent layer 5, ne covering the divided dead-end cavity 3, in contact with the surface of the ATC body panel 6 sections of the peripheral flanging 19 of MSASOKAS, as well as directly separated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4, while the volume of each of the separated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4 (as from a porous, air-blown, so from dense airborne acoustic materials) is in the range of V _f

V _f = 6.8 × (10 ^-9 ... 10 ^-6 ) m ³ ,

and the density of the filling packing of the divided dead-end cavity by isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials is

ρ _f = 45 ... 80 kg / m ³ .

Used isolated crushed fragments from dense air-blown structures of acoustic materials (not more than 30% of the total volume of the mixed composition) such as plastic, rubber, viscoelastic vibration damping material, mineral and / or synthetic origin of the composite structural material of dense sound-reflecting layers of noise insulation upholstery (screens, panels, casings) porous closed cell material (foamed polyethylene, foamed polypropylene, etc.).

The inventive device MCASOCAS is installed with its mounting part 2 on the mating bearing surface of the thin sheet panel 6 of the PBX body (roof panel 10, hood panel 15, trunk lid panel 17, front panel panel 23, front floor panel 24 etc.), or, similarly for the intended purpose, on the details and / or nodes of the automatic telephone exchange of another noise-active (noise-generating) type of vehicle.

The claimed range of changes in the values of volumes V _f , used isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4, on the one hand (lower "large" limit value equal to 6.8 × 10 ^-6 m ³ ), is limited mainly by the technological capabilities of manufacturing and their subsequent placement in divided dead-end cavities 3. On the other hand (upper “small-sized" limit value equal to 6.8 × 10 ^-9 m ³ ) the volume volumes V _{f of} isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4, as well as the density ρ _f filling them gaskets in divided dead-end cavities 3 are limited by the need to achieve increased acoustic (sound-absorbing) efficiency, to a significant extent determined by the realized indicators of resistance to blowing by the air flow, porosity, dynamic compliance and areas of free surface faces of isolated crushed porous sound-absorbing fragments directly involved in the sound absorption process .

The MCASOCAS mounting part 2 may include one protective sound-transparent layer of material 5 (for example, non-woven material or gas-impermeable film), overlapping divided blind cavities 3, as well as end sections of the peripheral flanging 19 and internal dividing baffles 20 of the volumetric frame element in contact with the supporting thin-sheet body of the ATC 6 13 of the front bearing part 1 or the forming internal corrugated embedded mortgage perforated element 16, or corrugated folds-folds Eve supporting portion 21 forming the blind cavities 3 and also includes the family of separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials 4 are separated in the dead-end cavities 3 (at least - in a dead-end cavity formed exclusively circumferential crimp 19 MSASOKAS PBX.

Also, the composition of the elements forming the mounting part of MASASOKAS may include a continuous monolithic layer of air-blown porous acoustic material, mating with the counter surface of a continuous monolithic layer of the front bearing part 1; wherein the dividing dead-end cavities 3 filled with separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4 are formed directly in the structure of a monolithic layer of air-blown porous acoustic material 22.

The external surface of MSASOKAS can be coated with an external decorative facing layer 7, for example, in the form of a “technologically cross-linked” (adhesively fixed) carpet with a porous latex air-blown substrate or on a dense air-blown polyethylene basis (solid or perforated).

In cases where there is no need to protect the surface of the mounting part 2 of the MCASOCAS from the side of its installation on the supporting thin-sheet panel 6 of the automatic telephone exchange from the adverse effects of moisture, dust, insects, etc., instead of a protective soundproof layer, for example, from a gas-impermeable film 5, it can alternatively a fine-mesh mesh structure, for example, of the type of technical gauze, a perforated polymer film or a similar type of structure, which holds small-sized isolated crushed fragments from usticheskih material 4 separated in dead-end cavities 3 MSASOKAS. This type of design in MSASOKAS can, in particular, be used in relation to the upholstery of the roof of the body or the trim of the trunk lid of the PBX.

Separated dead-end cavities 3 can be distributed (distributed) both uniformly over the entire interface between the MCASOCAS and the counter surface of the carrier sheet 6 of the automatic telephone exchange, and evenly distributed along it, for example, they can be localized only in certain areas of the MCASOCAS and have different overall dimensions, for example, in of its surface region, which is mated to the characteristic, most prominent vibro-noise-active noise-generating zone of the supporting sheet panel 6. Also, filling in a separate the dead-end cavity 3, or groups of divided dead-end cavities 3, can be produced selectively, of various dimensions and geometrical forms of separate crushed fragments 4 made of various structures of acoustic materials with different physical characteristics of porosity, resistance to blowing through by the air flow, sound absorption coefficient, etc.

The front carrier 1 and mounting 2 of MSASOKAS form a single functional noise-reducing module in which its components are “technologically crosslinked” using various adhesive substances and technologies provided, for example, by temperature heating of the polymer material of the front part during the manufacturing technological cycle. For versions where a heated polymeric material is used in a dense sound-reflecting air-tight layer of the front bearing part 1, which does not provide the required adhesive bond, or when in the case of using MCASOCAS as the front part 1, a compacted porous air-blown sound-absorbing layer of acoustic material is used, the components of MCASOCAC can to fasten (“technologically crosslink”) with the help of additional sound-transparent (not having significant, not more than 10% increase in the value of sound energy reflection coefficient) of translucent adhesive adhesive layers 8, conjugated porous layers of the front 1 and mounting 2 parts of MCASOCAS, performed, for example, using adhesive (sticky adhesive or thermoactive substance) made by separate thin solid lines, forming a lot of regular geometric shapes, or separated by thin dashed lines, forming a lot of regular geometric shapes, or in the form of a solid surface perforation through transparent holes 9 of a sound-transparent adhesive adhesive layer 8, or in the form of a sound-transparent sticky adhesive layer with a low specific surface weight (not more than 100 g / m ² ), or in the form of a sound-transparent thermoactive layer of a substance with a low specific surface weight (not more than 50 g / m ² ).

The inventive device MASASOKAS can be used for the manufacture of both flat-sheet and whole-formed non-flat (complex spatial) geometric shapes of MASASOKAS as part of noise-reducing ATC kits (or for other noiseless noise-generating vehicles), for example, for the manufacture of noise-insulating upholstery of the front panel 23, front 24 and middle floor of the body, floor of the luggage compartment, wheel arches, body sides, as well as various types of multifunctional body upholstery - hood 15, roof 10, cr trunk lugs 17, etc., endowed with pronounced acoustic (sound-absorbing) properties.

When using MSASOKAS as a component of a noise-reducing component of a telephone exchange containing a front bearing 1 and mounting 2 parts made of various combinations of acoustic materials (sound-reflecting, sound-proof, sound-transparent, sound-absorbing), it undergoes a dynamic vibrational structure (solid transmission) the impact of the mating oscillating surfaces of the supporting sheet panels 6 automatic telephone exchanges (formed by vibration bridges) on which they are mounted, as well as from falling on them sound waves propagated by air from the numerous sources of excitation and radiation of vibro-acoustic energy available in the ATS. In particular, vibration-noise-active units and automatic telephone exchange systems with their solid and air transmission paths initially dynamically excite the structure of the supporting thin-sheet body panel 6 of the automatic telephone exchange, with the formation of forced and own bending deformation vibrations in it. The resulting bending vibrations of the thin-sheet panel 6 of the PBX body are converted (transformed) into airborne sound waves, thereby turning it into a secondary source of sound energy radiation, which, in turn, transmits (transfers) vibrational energy to the adjacent to the MCASOCAS panel, first to its protective a sound-transparent layer 5, or an external facing decorative layer 7, and then a structure composed of separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials 4 of the mounting part 2 M CASOKAS, which propagates in it as a solid transmission path, in the form of decaying structural deformation waves of the porous skeleton of the mounting part 2, composed of contacted, separated from dynamic effects, isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4, and also propagates in it by air in spaces separated dead-end cavities (space of a single dead-end cavity) 3 along communicating capillary channels and / or cells of fibrous and / or foamed open-cell structures n porous sound-absorbing materials of isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4 of the mounting part 2. Located in a dead-end cavity (family of divided dead-end cavities) 3 isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4 made of dense air-blown structures of acoustic materials distributed in a mixture with porous air-generated separated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4, contribute to the formation of acoustic anisotropy in the composition of mixed ac of the oral structure, which increases the effect of absorption of sound energy, and also improve the vibration damping properties of the device, contributing to weaker dynamic (vibrational) excitation of the structure of the front part 1, which ultimately increases its acoustic (noise-reducing) efficiency. Mounting part 2 of MCASOCAS in contact with the surface of the oscillating carrier plate of the ATC body 6, including the additional structure of the elastic porous skeleton of a continuous monolithic layer of air-blown porous acoustic material 22, as well as structures of isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials 4 with communicating cells (a variant of air-blown foamed open material ), communicating capillary channels (a variant of an air-blown fibrous material), and from pl tnyh vozduhoneproduvaemyh structures acoustic materials in the process of effective absorption of sound wave energy propagated both air and solid (structural) transmission paths. The layer (s) of the air-blown porous structures of sound-absorbing materials of the mounting part 2 of MSASOKAS also perform the function of an elastic vibration-damping element (deformable viscoelastic with internal friction of the "spring"). With the resulting dynamic "tensile-compression" deformations of this type of structure of the air-blown layers of porous sound-absorbing materials of the mounting part 2, an additional decrease in the amplitudes of the bending vibrations of the carrier sheet 6 occurs, due to the occurring dissipative losses spent on this deformation work (how to overcome the internal friction resistance in viscoelastic structures of materials of porous skeletons, as well as spent on external interfragment face-to-face friction between contacting separate from crushed fragments of acoustic material 4, with the irreversible dissipation of mechanical (vibration) energy into thermal energy converted). According to the composite structures of the materials of the mounting part 2 of MSASOKAS, the non-absorbed part of the vibrational energy is transferred to the adjacent adjacent layer of a dense sound-reflecting sound-proof material of the front bearing part 1, which makes forced vibrations like a spring-loaded viscoelastic mass. The marked part of the unabsorbed vibrational (vibrational component) of the energy transmitted to the airproof layer of the dense sound-reflecting soundproofing material of the front bearing part 1 and causing its forced and natural vibrations, is transformed, ultimately, into the corresponding unscattered (non-damped) part of the sound energy that is reradiated by it into the surrounding the airspace of the passenger compartment (driver's cabin) in the form of sound waves. At the same time, with the processes of structural vibrational excitation transmitted by solid transmission paths from an oscillating carrier plate of the ATC 6 body, in the structure of which a bending deformation wave is excited, to the air-repellent layer of dense sound-reflecting sound-proof material of the front bearing part 1, it also re-emits with its front (external) surface and that part of the sound energy that is transmitted to him (excites him) by air transmission. In addition to the solid structural excitation paths of the thin-sheet carrier panel 6 of the ATC body, sound waves incident on the outer surface of the thin-sheet carrier panel 6 of the ATC body also cause its dynamic excitation and the corresponding generation of mechanical and sound vibrations (except for the solid excitation path of the thin-sheet carrier panel already described above 6 automatic telephone exchanges). Sound waves propagating in the structure of a continuous monolithic layer of air-borne porous acoustic material 22 of the mounting part 2, as well as represented by separate crushed porous sound-absorbing fragments 4 lose some of this energy. Passed without significant effects of sound reflection through the structures of the protective sound-transparent layer 5 (for example, non-woven material or gas-impermeable film) into the mating (adjacent) structures of the air-blown layer of the porous sound-absorbing material of the mounting part, represented by separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials 4 and the structure of a continuous monolithic layer of air-blown air-blown material 22, the energy of sound waves is irreversibly converted (scattered) in them into thermal energy as a result of the corresponding dynamic processes of "compression-tension" deformations of the elastic skeletons of the air-blown layer of composite elements from the porous sound-absorbing structures of materials of the mounting part 2, including losses due to vibrational movements (with accompanying friction) of air in the communicating capillary channels and / or between interconnected cells of the structures of the air-blown layer of porous sound-absorbing materials of the mounting part 2. Unabsorbed, passed through e of the structure of the air-blown layer of porous sound-absorbing material of the mounting part 2, represented by a continuous monolithic layer of the air-blown porous acoustic material 22 and the family of separated crushed fragments of acoustic materials 4, part of the sound energy falls on the surface of the air-blown layer of a dense sound-reflecting sound-reflecting sound-proof acoustic material of the front bearing part 1, part this is reflected back into the structure of the porous air-blown layers of the assembly part 2, and part is re-emitted in the form of secondary sound waves excited by it oscillating air-deflecting layer of dense sound-reflecting sound-proof material of the front bearing part 1 into the surrounding space of the passenger compartment (ATS driver’s cab), forming, in turn, in it, as in a closed limited airspace, diffuse sound field (direct and reflected sound waves). The presence of perforation holes 18 in the walls of the internal dividing walls 20 of the bulk frame element with the internal dividing walls of the perforated structure 14, the front bearing part of the MCASOCAC forms a battery of Helmholtz acoustic resonators interconnected, in the form of corresponding volume cavities (separated dead-end cavities) of different (or identical) volumes with necks connected to them (of various numbers and dimensions in diameter and thickness of the bore) of perforation holes and 18, made in different or identical thickness and height of the walls of the internal dividing walls 20 of the perforated structure of the volumetric frame element 14 of the front bearing part 1 of the MCASOCAS. The Helmholtz acoustic resonator battery formed in this way provides a targeted tuned absorption of sound energy in the specified frequency ranges of the sound spectrum (terms of reference for the development of the project). Thereby, the total noise-reducing effect is realized (supplemented) by the implemented design of IASCAS.

When using the inventive MCASOCAS device, a dead-end cavity (divided dead-end cavities) 3 of the front carrier 1 part, which is filled with separate crushed fragments 4, the effect of absorption of sound energy absorbed by the MCASOCAS increases, and the fraction of the direct face energy radiated into the surrounding space is also weakened (excluded) bearing part 1 of ISASOCAS. These noise-reducing effects are ensured by including in the absorption process of sound energy numerous surfaces of the porous end zones of the air-blown layer of porous sound-absorbing material of the mounting part 2, formed by a family of numerous open porous surfaces of separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4, as well as interconnected inter-faceted air channels and cavities between by them, due to the formation of the diffractive edge mechanism of ene scattering sound waves arising at the edge edge zones of isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4. In addition, additional losses of propagated sound energy occur due to the arising effect of acoustic anisotropy caused by the inclusion of inhomogeneities of the sound propagation medium in the form of isolated crushed fragments from dense air-blown structures of acoustic materials 4 , as well as due to their additional vibration damping effect. As a result, most of the sound energy transmitted through the protective soundproof layer 5 and propagating in the structures of the air-blown layers of the porous sound-absorbing materials of the mounting part 2 is converted (irreversibly dissipated) into thermal energy. In addition, it provides effective attenuation (damping) of the amplitudes of the forced mechanical vibrations of the MCA-SOKAS components from the transmission of dynamic mechanical excitation from the vibrating carrier panel 6 of the automatic telephone exchange, which is caused primarily by isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4, caused by them movable pliable (with the presence of friction) mutual face-to-face contacting interactions. Ultimately, this leads to a corresponding weakening of the solid transmission of this dynamic excitation to the external air-repellent layer of the dense sound-reflecting sound-proofing material of the front part of 1 MASASOKAS, which, thereby, eliminates (weakens) its conversion to re-emitted intrinsic structural noise, and also provides an increase in the degree of damping of air energy energy sound waves propagated in the composite structures of air-blown layers of porous sound-absorbing materials Part 2. The effect of attenuation of the amplitudes of the dynamic excitation of the structure of the air-blown layer of porous sound-absorbing material of the mounting part 2 is due to its more flexible dynamic deformation and the internal friction of the elastic skeleton of the air-blown layers of porous sound-absorbing materials of the mounting part 2 due to the presence of 3 separate fragments in the divided hollow cavities 4, which are in mobile relationships and contacting interactions, with the image By using the corresponding damping contacting friction on the vibrating thin-sheet panel 6 of the body, an increased effect of vibration-noise-damping is ensured, in comparison with the known opposed prior art shown in the analogs and prototype, in the form of the known typical mounting part 2 of MCASOCAS, such as monolithic structures of a flat-sheet porous surface layer, tightly coupled with the vibroactive surface of the sheet-metal panel 6 of the vehicle body, especially if a smooth surface is used in the mounting part 2 the remaining monolithic air-blown layer of a porous sound-absorbing material of a foamed type, with increased dynamic stiffness, due, for example, to a large percentage of closed cells in it. It is also noted that the process of attenuation of the energy of sound waves repeatedly (due to the multiple process of their reflection) passing directly through the structures and along the formed inter-faceted channels of separate crushed fragments 4 in the directions between the sound-reflecting surfaces of a dense sound-reflecting sound-reflecting air-proof layer of the front bearing part 1 and thin-sheet vibroactive ATS panels 6. The use of perforated (containing perforation holes 18) internal stripe structures partitions 20 as part of the volumetric frame element 14 of the front bearing part 1 of the ISASOKAS made of a dense monolithic layer of acoustic material endowed with sound-reflecting soundproofing properties (or compacted porous acoustic material endowed with combined soundproofing and sound-absorbing properties, mainly sound-absorbing properties), allows the passage process and the propagation of sound waves between communicating, thus separated by that cavities, with the corresponding corresponding losses of their energy in the process of vibrational air friction in the necks (channels) of the perforation holes 18, and also to realize the multi-chamber (when the cameras are connected in parallel) communicating frequency-tuned Helmholtz resonator battery in the form of corresponding communicating closed cavities (separated dead-end cavities, both identical and of different volume), with the neck of the resonators connected to them of various numbers and sizes in diameter cross-section of the perforation holes 18 and the different thicknesses and heights of the walls of the internal dividing walls 20 of the three-dimensional frame element with the internal dividing walls of the perforated structure 14 of the front bearing part 1. Ultimately, the implemented technical effects can significantly increase the acoustic (noise-reducing) efficiency of this type of MSASOKAS, the composition of the front bearing part 1, made of a monolithic layer of a dense air-blown sound-reflecting sound-insulating material and the mounting part 2, formed from the combination of several components of MSASOKAS: - adjacent to the supporting thin-sheet panel 6 automatic telephone exchange zones (sections) of the peripheral flanging 19 of the front bearing part 1 and the internal dividing partitions of the volumetric frame element 13, or volumetric frame element with internal separation partitions perforated structure 14, a protective sound-transparent layer 5 of non-woven material or a gas-impermeable film overlapping a divided blind cavity 3 (this the property of separated dead-end cavities 3) and directly separated crushed fragments of acoustic materials 4 located inside the divided dead-end cavity 3 (in the family of divided dead-end cavities 3), with a possible option of additional inclusion of a continuous monolithic layer of air-blown porous acoustic material as an integral part of the mounting part of MCASOCAS 22, which leads to a decrease in the transmission of sound energy into the space inhabited by the driver and passengers, for example, passages A large room (driver's cabin) of a vehicle (or other type of noise-generating land, air or water vehicle) and thereby provides them with more comfortable and safe work and good health.

The implementation of the proposed technical solution, due to the use of recycled recycled acoustic materials, contributes to meeting the requirements to reduce the consumption of useful natural resources and energy, and also reduces the harmful effects on the environment at all stages of the life cycle of automatic telephone exchanges, including the extraction of raw materials for the subsequent production of acoustic materials, directly production of structural acoustic materials, manufacture of parts for automatic telephone exchanges from them, its operation Theological and subsequent processing of the utilizing recycled for use in the "new" parts and ATS units.

With a random volume distribution of porous air-blown separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4 with non-porous air-blown separate crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4, voids in the form of intergranular gaps between the contacting faces of contacting separated crushed fragments from acoustic materials are also formed, which contributes to an increase in 4, which increases sound-absorbing effect due to additional loss of sound energy when distributed and sound waves along the formed voids and channels (intergranular gaps between separate crushed fragments of acoustic materials 4), due to the additional energy required to overcome friction, with its irreversible conversion into thermal energy. In addition, the formation of structural inhomogeneity (anisotropy) of a mixture of porous crushed air-blown fragments of acoustic materials 4 and non-porous crushed air-blown fragments of acoustic materials 4 is noted, which makes it possible to enhance the interference and diffraction effects (mechanisms) of absorption of sound energy in a cavity (cavities) filled with this type of mixture of isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials, contributing to the improvement of sound absorption properties of MASASOKAS.

With the variant of the quantitative volumetric content of air-blown isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4 not exceeding 30% of the total number (volume) of separated crushed fragments from acoustic materials 4 filling the dead-end cavity (dead-end cavities are separated) 3 of the front part 1 of MASASOKAS, loss of sound insulation properties of MASASOKAS is experimentally estimated by the parameter “sound insulation ability” did not exceed 2 dB in a controlled frequency range of 400 ... 10000 Hz (when tested according to the known [1] met dy "Tower of Pisa"). Moreover, in individual frequency ranges, even an increase in the values of the parameter “sound insulation ability” by 3 ... 5 dB was recorded.

The advantages of the claimed technical solution are associated with the ease and convenience of multiple reuse of isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials of arbitrary geometric shape due to the simplicity of their separation (separation) from the heterogeneous multicomponent structures of parts (assemblies) of noise-reducing packages (for example, it is enough to break the protective soundproof layer 5 and pour out the named fragments for their reuse), as well as the fact that the composite element included in the mounting the part of MASASOKAS represented by isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials not only does not degrade the performance of the automotive component (in this case, MASASOKAS), but even improves its acoustic, environmental, weight and cost characteristics in comparison with the similar mass (volume) of a monolithic sound-absorbing layer made of a similar type and structure of the material (identical density, airflow resistance, etc.).

The claimed technical solution is not limited to the above specific structural examples of its implementation, shown in the accompanying figures. Minor changes of various constituent elements or materials used, of which these elements are made, or their replacement with technically equivalent ones, which do not go beyond the scope of the claims indicated by the claims, remain possible.

Claims (17)

1. A modified layered acoustic structure of the upholstery of a vehicle body, comprising interfaced front bearing and mounting parts made of acoustic materials, in which the front bearing part is made of at least one continuous layer of acoustic material, and its structure is endowed mainly sound-reflecting sound-insulating properties or combined sound-insulating and sound-absorbing properties, while its density exceeds the acoustic density material of the mounting part, endowed with predominantly sound-absorbing properties, and in said layered acoustic structure, at least one divided dead-end cavity is formed, characterized in that the divided dead-end cavity is formed by peripheral flanging of the structure of the front supporting part of the acoustic material, which is filled with isolated crushed fragments, made of acoustic materials containing at least 70% fragments of a porous air-blown mother ala, made of porous air-blown materials, in mixed composition with isolated crushed fragments made of dense air-blown materials, while each of these types of isolated crushed fragments of acoustic materials is more than half the volume of the specified divided dead-end cavity is a product of recycled recycling of acoustic structures materials, mainly parts and assemblies of noise insulation and noise absorbing packages, dismantled data from the composition of vehicles that have completed their life cycle, or of a similar type and condition of acoustic materials in packages (panels, casings, screens), dismantled from various types of noise-generating technical objects that are subject to a secondary recycled recycling process, or acoustic materials in the production -technological waste and / or marriage production of noise-reducing parts and assemblies, while the mounting part of the modified layered acoustic stream stages, at least in the zone divided performing stall cavity is lined with the protective layer further sound transmission of the material and dimensions of separate crushed fragments characterized by their volumes that are in the range:
V _f = 6.8 × (10 ^-9 ... 10 ^-6 ) m ³ ,
wherein the density of the filling packing of the divided dead-end cavity by separate crushed fragments is:
ρ _f = 45 ... 80 kg / m ³ . 2. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that its front bearing part is made in the form of a formed volumetric frame element with internal dividing walls forming a family of divided dead-end cavities. 3. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements of its mounting part include a continuous monolithic layer of an air-blown porous acoustic material, mating with the counter surface of a continuous monolithic layer of the front bearing part of the acoustic material, while a dead-end cavity or a family of separation dead-end cavities filled with isolated crushed fragments from acoustic materials are formed in the structure of a monolithic layer of air-blown organic acoustic material. 4. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the isolated crushed fragments are made of various types and brands of structures of acoustic materials, with different physical characteristics, different chemical composition, thickness, quantity and combination of types of porous layers in the composition of multilayer porous structures . 5. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the formed dividing dead-end cavities has a shaping internal corrugated embedded perforated element. 6. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 4, characterized in that through holes of perforation are made in the internal dividing partitions of the volumetric frame element. 7. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 4, characterized in that in the volumetric frame element, the dividing walls have different overall dimensions, forming dividing dead-end cavities differing in volume. 8. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual divided dead-end cavities or a group of divided dead-end cavities are selectively filled with separate crushed fragments of various dimensions and geometric shapes with different physical and mechanical characteristics. 9. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the divided dead-end cavities in the structure of at least one continuous layer of acoustic material of the front bearing part are distributed unevenly over its surface. 10. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer surface of the front bearing part of the continuous layer of acoustic material contains an additional decorative layer, for example, carpet. 11. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 10, characterized in that its component parts of continuous layers of acoustic materials and an additional decorative layer are fastened into a single structural module using a sound-transparent adhesive layer made of spaced solid thin lines from many regular geometric shapes. 12. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 10, characterized in that its component parts of continuous layers of acoustic materials and an additional decorative layer are bonded into a single structural module using a sound-transparent adhesive layer made with thin interrupted lines of many regular geometric shapes. 13. The modified layered acoustic structure of claim 10, characterized in that its component parts of continuous layers of acoustic materials and an additional decorative layer are bonded to a single structural module using a film or tissue adhesive layer perforated through holes. 14. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 10, characterized in that its components of continuous layers of acoustic materials and an additional decorative layer are bonded into a single structural module using a continuous sound-transparent adhesive adhesive layer with a specific surface weight of ρ≤100 g / m ² . 15. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 10, characterized in that its components of continuous layers of acoustic materials and an additional decorative layer are bonded into a single structural module using a continuous sound-transparent thermoactive adhesive layer with a specific surface weight of ρ≤50 g / m ² . 16. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the protective sound-transparent layer of a gas-impermeable film is 0.025 ... 0.1 mm, and its specific surface weight is 20 ... 70 g / m ² . 17. The modified layered acoustic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the protective sound-transparent layer of the air-blown non-woven fabric or fabric material is 0.025 ... 0.25 mm, the specific surface weight is 20 ... 300 g / m ² , and the specific resistance to blowing it by air a stream of 20 ... 50 H · s · m ^-3 .

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