RU2489844C1 - Method of development of forest areas of oil-and-gas pipeline routes and power transmission lines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises the operations: felling of trees using chainsaw in the direction from the developed part of the route, limbing, tree length bucking and laying branches on the route of the future road using delimber-crosscutter, loading and transportation of assortments by lumber truck with a manipulator. The lumber truck enters, for example, reversing on the strip of packed branches at a distance equal to the length of the pack collecting. On its way back the lumber truck, stopping at the working positions, loads the assortments located on the left and right from the strip to collect the full-car-load pack, after which it transports the loaded assortments. Tree felling on the future road route is performed in the direction parallel to its axis. Limbing and tree length bucking by delimber-crosscutter is carried out in the normal mode with the laying of the obtained assortment on the left or right near the future route. Felling a tree which is located on the right and near the future road route is carried at an angle of 0 to 25 degrees to the axis of the future road. Limbing and tree length bucking by delimber-crosscutter is carried out in the normal mode with the laying of the obtained assortment on the left. Felling a tree which is located on the right in the far distance from the future road route is carried at an angle of 25 to 45 degrees to this road. Limbing and tree length bucking by delimber-crosscutter is carried out by capturing the vertex part of the tree by clamp hook, hauling in the raised position by a distance that provides gripping by the manipulator of the root part of the tree, with the subsequent laying on delimbing and crosscutting table. The resulting assortments are placed near the future route on the right. Felling a tree which is located near and on the left of the future road route is carried out at an angle from 0 to 35 degrees. Limbing and tree length bucking by delimber-crosscutter is carried out in the normal mode with the laying of the obtained assortment on the left. Felling a tree which is located on the left in the far distance from the future road route is carried out at an angle of 35 to 60 degrees. Limbing and tree length bucking by delimber-crosscutter is carried out by entering reversing to the fallen tree, capturing the vertex part of the tree by clamp hook, hauling in the raised position by a distance that provides gripping by the manipulator of the root part of the tree, with the subsequent laying on delimbing and crosscutting table. The obtained assortments are placed near the future route on the left.

EFFECT: method provides reduction of energy consumption and the impact of technology on the forest environment.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technology for harvesting wood and can be used in the forest industry and forestry when cutting forest roads, as well as in the oil, gas and energy industries when cutting forest areas under non-gas pipelines and power lines.

A known method of developing a cutting area (Patent No. 873974 of the Russian Federation, MKI A01G 23/08, a method of developing a cutting area / A.P. Panychev; 2925391 / 29-15 of 05/12/1980), including cutting and laying of trees with a feller buncher on the rear cone of a road train and the subsequent laying of the butt part of the tree by the road train manipulator on the front conic of the trailer. Thus, skidding is excluded from the process.

A known method of development of the cutting area (Patent No. 965397 of the Russian Federation, MKI A01G 23/08. Method of logging and a set of machines for its implementation / V. A. Gorbachevsky, V. V. Gorbachevsky; 2901310 / 29-15; Priority from 03.25.1980), including cutting and stacking of trees by a feller-loading machine on a towed vehicle, which is then backed up along a rut laid by a felling-and-loading machine, transported by a special tractor or a winch to the forest road. This method also eliminates skidding from the process.

The disadvantage of the above methods for developing cutting areas is that in the first case, a road train, and in the second case, a towed vehicle move along the virgin forest, which is difficult on waterlogged soils.

A known method of development of the cutting area (Machine cutting of knots in the cutting area / Voronitsyn K.I., Guselev S.M. - M .: Lesn. Prom-st, 1989. - 272 p.) With the simultaneous construction of a forest road, including felling of trees by any of known methods, skidding of trees and stacking them in a pile along the track of the forest road, followed by cleaning the trees of the knots with a delimbing machine and laying the knots along the width of this track. This method provides the arrangement of a forest road on waterlogged soils. Its disadvantage is the presence of skidding of wood, resulting in increased energy consumption.

These drawbacks are eliminated by the fact that when developing forest territories for oil and gas pipelines and power transmission lines, linear objects have a small width, which allows timber to be harvested and transported from these territories without timber skidding and at the same time being equipped inside the highway, and the road has a certain offset from the axis of the route.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity and environmental impact on the forest environment of the logging process when cutting the oil and gas pipelines and power lines by eliminating skidding from it with the simultaneous arrangement of a forest road on waterlogged soils, which will later be used for the construction and maintenance of oil and gas pipelines and power lines.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of developing forest areas of oil and gas pipelines and power lines includes operations: felling trees with a chainsaw in the direction from the developed part of the route, cutting branches, cutting logs and laying knots on the future road using a delimbing and cutting machine, loading and transportation of assortments by a forest road train with a manipulator, which, for example, drives backwards along the strip of stacked branches at a distance equal to the length of the bundle, and on the way back, stopping at working positions, he loads the assortments located to the left and to the right of the strip to collect a full load of bundles, after which the loaded assortments are removed, and the felling and processing of felled trees depend on the location of the tree along the width of the cut forest strip. According to the invention, tree felling on the road of the future road is carried out in a direction parallel to its axis, and trimming of branches and CPM bucking is carried out in the normal mode with laying of the assorted logs to the left or right next to the future road; felling of the tree, located on the right next to the road of the future road, is carried out at an angle of 0 to 25 degrees to the axis of the future road, and the cutting of knots and bucking of CPM whips is carried out in the normal mode with the laying of the obtained assortments on the left; felling of the tree, located to the right at a far distance from the future road, is carried out at an angle of 25 to 45 degrees to this road, and trimming of knots and bucking of CPM whips is carried out by grabbing the tree with a grab grab at the top, pulling it in a raised position to a distance that provides the manipulator grabbing the butt of the tree during subsequent laying on the delimbing and cutting table, while laying the resulting assortments next to the future track on the right; felling of the tree, located next to and to the left with the road of the future road, is carried out at an angle from 0 to 35 degrees, and the cutting of knots and bucking of CPM whips is carried out in the normal mode with the laying of the obtained assortments on the left; felling of the tree, located to the left at a far distance from the future road, is carried out at an angle of 35 to 60 degrees, and trimming of knots and bucking of CPM whips is done by backing up to a fallen tree, grabbing the tree with a grab grab at the top, pulling it in an elevated position to a distance that ensures that the manipulator grabs the butt of the tree during subsequent laying on the delimbing-cutting table, while laying the resulting assortments next to the future track on the left.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents the processing of a dumped tree on the road of the future road; figure 2 - processing of a felled tree, located on the right next to the road of the future road; figure 3 - processing of a felled tree, located on the right at a far distance from the future road; figure 4 - processing of a felled tree, located on the left next to the road of the future road; figure 5 - processing of a felled tree, located on the left at a far distance from the future road.

1 - dumped tree; 2 - delimbing and slitting machine; 3 - assortments; 4 - twigs; 5 - axis of the future road; 6 - axis of the transmission line or oil and gas pipeline.

When felling trees with a gas-powered saw and pruning knots and bucking with a delimbing and bucking machine (CPM), the work is as follows. On the route of the linear object, felling is carried out in the first volume in the volume of wood, providing the load on the road train - sortimentovoza flight. To do this, the logger goes deeper at a distance equal to the length of the tape set of a pack of road trains - sortimentovoza. Trees are falling away from the developed part of the clearing. To fulfill the conditions of the proposed technology, the tree is pushed from the stump taking into account the distance of the tree from the future road at different angles to its axis, depending on the width of the cut route and the height of the stand.

The work of the CPM is as follows.

The CPM driver reverses along the future road to the fallen trees and stops the car. Moves technological equipment from transport to working. It directs the clamshell grab onto the tree, grabs it by the butt part at a distance of about 1.5 m from the butt. He lifts the tree lump and puts it on the delimbing and bucking table, orienting it along the axis of the tree. Further trimming of knots and bucking is carried out as usual.

Depending on the location of the dumped tree on the width of the cut strip of forest, consider the following 5 positions.

1. Processing of a dumped tree on the road of the future road (figure 1). In this position, tree felling 1 is carried out on the future road route in the direction of movement of the CPM, parallel to its axis. The driver, controlling the CPM 2, drives backward to the fallen tree, the manipulator grabs it by the butt part, puts it in the delimbing-cutting table, carries out trimming of knots and bucking in the normal mode. The resulting assortments 3 are stacked next to the future track on the left or right, and the branches 4 are stacked on the path of the future road with axis 5, which is separated from the axis of track 6 at a certain distance.

2. Processing of a dumped tree, located on the right next to the future road route (figure 2). In this position, the felling of trees 1 is carried out at an angle from 0 to 25 degrees from the axis of the future road. The CPM tree processing technology is similar to that used in FIG.

3. Processing of the felled tree, located on the right at a far distance from the future road (Fig.3). In this position, the felling of trees is carried out at an angle of 25-45 degrees from the axis of the future road. The CPM tree processing technology is as follows: the driver backs up to a fallen tree, grabs it with a claw grab at the top and, lifting it, pulls it to a distance until it reaches the butt of the tree with the manipulator, intercepts the butt, and puts the tree in the delimbing peeling table. Further trimming of knots and bucking is carried out as usual. The resulting assortments 3 are stacked next to the future highway on the right, and branches 4 are stacked on the future road route.

4. Processing of a dumped tree, located next to and to the left with the route of the future road (figure 4). In the fourth position, the felling of trees 1 is carried out at an angle from 0 to 35 degrees. The technology of wood processing is similar to that used in figure 1, only the received assortments 3 will be located on the right along the CPM.

5. Processing of a dumped tree, located to the left at a far distance from the future road (Fig. 5). At this position, the felling of trees 1 is carried out at an angle of 35-60 degrees. The CPM 2 tree processing technology is as follows: the driver backs up to a fallen tree, grabs it with a grab grab at the top and, lifting it, pulls it to a distance until it reaches the butt of the tree with the manipulator, intercepts the butt, and puts the tree in delimbing and cutting table. Further trimming of knots and bucking is carried out as usual. The resulting assortments 3 are stacked next to the future track on the left, and branches 4 are stacked on the path of the future road.

The next section of the forest route of the oil and gas pipeline is carried out as described above. The end result of this technology will be a cut route of oil and gas pipelines or power lines, on which there are knots laid on the future road route and heaps of assortments laid out to the left and to the right of it. A timber-equipped road train equipped with a manipulator, for example, drives backwards along a strip of stacked branches at a distance equal to the length of the stack of bundles, and on the way back, stopping at working positions, loads the assortments located to the left and right of the strip to collect the full load bundle, after which the loaded assortments.

As a result of the application of this method, skidding is excluded from the technological process, energy consumption and the number of forestry equipment are reduced, a road on waterlogged soils is constructed for the construction and maintenance of oil and gas pipelines and power lines, and the environmental impact of the equipment on the forest environment is reduced.

Claims (1)

A method of developing forest areas of oil and gas pipelines and power transmission lines, comprising operations: felling trees with a chainsaw in the direction from the developed part of the route, cutting branches, cutting logs and laying knots on the future road using a delimbing machine, loading and transporting assortments with a forest truck with a manipulator that drives, for example, in reverse along a strip of stacked branches at a distance equal to the length of the bundle, and on the way back, stopping at work positions, shears the assortments located to the left and to the right of the lane before collecting a full load of bundles, after which the shipped assortments are removed, and felling and processing of felled trees depend on the location of the tree along the width of the cut forest strip, characterized in that the tree is felled along the future road in the direction parallel to its axis, and trimming of knots and bucking of whips by a delimbing-and-cutting machine is carried out in the normal mode with the laying of the obtained assortments left or right next to the future highway th; felling of the tree, located on the right and next to the road of the future road, is carried out at an angle of 0 to 25 ° to the axis of the future road, and the cutting of knots and bucking of whips by the delimbing and cutting machine is carried out in the normal mode with the laying of the obtained assortments on the left; felling of the tree, located to the right at a far distance from the future road, is carried out at an angle from 25 to 45 ° to this road, and trimming of knots and bucking of whips by the delimbing and cutting machine is carried out by grabbing the tree with a grab grab at the top, pulling it in a raised position on the distance that ensures that the manipulator grabs the butt of the tree during subsequent laying on the delimbing and cutting table, while the resulting assortments are laid next to the future track on the right; felling of a tree located next to and to the left with the road of the future road is carried out at an angle from 0 to 35 °, and pruning of knots and cutting of whips by a delimbing and bucking machine is carried out in the normal mode with laying of the obtained assortments on the left; felling of a tree located to the left at a far distance from the road of the future road is carried out at an angle of 35 to 60 °, and trimming of knots and bucking of whips by a delimbing-and-cutting machine is carried out by backing up to a fallen tree, grabbing the tree with a grab grab at the top, dragging in a raised position to a distance that ensures that the manipulator grabs the butt of the tree during subsequent laying on the delimbing and cutting table, while the resulting assortments are laid next to the future th highway on the left.

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