RU2486741C2 - Pulling machine for flax - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in harvesting linen flax. The pulling machine for flax comprises a pulling unit 2 consisting of sections with straps 7 that converge in pairs. The straps 7 pass around the pulleys and rollers. Behind the sections with straps 7 the duplicating-wrapping 3 and spreading 4 strap-roller devices are located. The spreading device 4 is made of two straps 15 and 16 covering the pulleys and rollers. The inner parts of the straps 15 and 16 of the spreading device 4 are in contact along the curve line with the concave upwards.

EFFECT: pulling machine for flax has high performance with its small size and light weight.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used when harvesting flax flax.

Known flax flax [1], including a flap belt and pulleys and an output device, characterized in that, for the purpose of laying the flax mass on the treated part of the field, the output device is made in the form of an additional belt covering the extreme top pulley, leading, deflecting and tensioning rollers.

Known flax flax has both positive differences and disadvantages. On the positive side, the machine spreads the formed ribbon of plants onto that strip of the field with which they are worn. However, the quality of the flaked tape is low. This can be explained by the fact that the plants, after exiting the hatching device, fan out when spread out on the field. The nature of their movement in this case depends on the speed of the additional belt, the length of the stems, the density and connectivity of the tape, the field microrelief, and many other factors that are not constant. The direction of movement of the tape in the machine changes dramatically several times. This does not allow to increase the speed of movement of both the tape and the machine itself. That is, the well-known tereilka during operation cannot show high productivity either.

Known flax flax floss [2], containing a frame, clutch sections with belts and pulleys and an output device, characterized in that the output device is made in the form of a L-shaped output conveyor with a belt and pulleys, and the drive pulley of the L-shaped conveyor is mounted on a common axis with a leading pulley of one of the extreme top-lifting sections.

The description says that the basis of the invention [2] is the task of simplifying the design, reducing the size and weight, reducing energy intensity and increasing the reliability of flax flax. However, the technological reliability of the machine will be very low for many reasons.

From the description, diagrams and claims, it follows that the output conveyor comprises one belt covering a pulley and rollers and enveloped by guide rods. But it is not said that the belt has spikes. However, without spikes, one belt will not be able to transport stem mass in the channel formed by this belt and guide rods. But even if we admit that the thorns are not shown, then even if there are thorns on the belt, the conveyor will carry out the technological process only on the tape of plants of the same density. In the case when the tape is thin, plants with a high speed of movement under the action of centrifugal forces will often be ejected from the channel formed by the belt and rods. Accumulations of stem mass, on the contrary, will jam in the channel. When working on dead flax, some plants are captured by top-lifting belts and pulleys. In most cases, these plants will also slip out of the channel and hang on the lower parts of the machine, leading to blockages.

For flax-cutting, as well as any agricultural machine, the main thing is the quality of its work. The well-known flax flax floss [2] will not show high quality precisely because of the accepted design of the output conveyor. The fact is that the semi-cross belt of such a conveyor cannot have a large width. And with a small width, even the presence of spikes, the latter will act on the stalks of flax at a small distance along the width of the belt. When the center of gravity of the plant deviates from the points of action of the spikes on it, the stems will twist in the tape.

When the machine is running, an important indicator is its performance. But this indicator directly depends on the speed of the unit. An increase in the speed of the machine will require an increase in the speed of movement of the flax tape in its working bodies. However, at a high belt speed, the plants will be ejected from the spreading conveyor under the action of centrifugal forces, since the conveyor belt has very sharp bends, and the stems in the channel are not sufficiently clamped. Thus, due to the imperfect layout of the spreading conveyor, the machine will not be able to work at high speeds and show high performance.

Also known is flax flax U-22 (Belgian company Union, French “Riviere Casalis”) [3, pp. 36-38], containing a pulp apparatus consisting of sections with belts enveloping pulleys and rollers converging in pairs and placed behind the sections double-wrap and lay-out belt-roller devices.

The positive thing is that the U-22 tee is a direct-flow machine and during operation its plant ribbon is spread on the same strip of the field with which they are worn. This clutch has a fairly high technological reliability when working on both normal and dead flax, since after leaving the clutch sections the plants are caught by two belts of the doubling device and moved sandwiched between them.

The drawbacks of the grinder are the complexity of the design, large dimensions and weight, as well as energy consumption. These shortcomings arise from the fact that the spreading device of the machine is made of one belt with spikes, the working branch of which has a straight shape and considerable length. The belt, when moving the stem mass, presses it from above, and the spikes penetrate the tape and slide along the metal shield. Because of this, the energy intensity of the mass transfer process increases. In the case when the point of application of force does not coincide with the center of gravity of each plant (this happens when changing the height of pulling), due to friction against the guiding shield under the stem mass, the stems can skew in the movable tape.

In the U-22 machine, the action line of the doubling-wrapping device is directed upward at an angle to the horizon of approximately 45 degrees, and the spreader device, made in the form of a single belt with a working branch having a rectilinear shape, moves the stem mass back and somewhat down. Therefore, when the tape moves from the doubling device to the spreading device, a sharp change in the direction of movement of the stem mass occurs. Plants in this place are moving without being clamped. Therefore, due to the high speed of movement of the stem mass, an increase in the skew and elongation of the stems in the ribbon occurs in the transition zone.

The output end of the spreading device in U-22 flute is located at a high height from the soil and is directed almost horizontally. Therefore, the plant ribbon leaves the spreading device at high altitude with a speed directed almost horizontally, and then it falls uncontrollably onto the soil. Under the influence of machine vibrations, changes in the speed regime of the working bodies and the action on the stem mass of wind over a large section of its movement to the soil, the characteristics of the tape deteriorate. Because of all of the above, in the process of spreading flax plants on the field, there is an increase in the elongation and skew of the stems in the tape, an increase in its curvature, which reduces the quantity and quality of the resulting flax products.

Closest to the technical nature and the technical tasks posed to the proposed one is the known flax flax floss [4], comprising a pulp flap apparatus consisting of sections with belts enveloping pulleys and rollers converging in pairs, and a twin-wrap and spread-out belt-roller devices located at the back of the sections. .

On the positive side, the well-known flax flax harvester [4] is a direct-flow machine, and during operation its plant ribbon is spread on the same strip of the field with which they are harvested. This teebloch has a sufficiently high technological reliability in the zone of transition of plants from top-lifting sections to a doubling-wrapping device, since after leaving the top-lifting apparatus, plants are captured by two belts of the doubling device and moved sandwiched between them.

A disadvantage of the known terebilki [4] is also the design complexity, large dimensions and weight, as well as the energy intensity of the process of moving the flax tape. The indicated drawback follows from the fact that the spreading device of the machine is made of two conveyors having a considerable length, one of which is formed by two belts, and the second by a belt and clamping rods.

The working branches of the belts of the first conveyor touch in a straight line. The working branch of the second conveyor also represents a straight line. The action line of the twin-wrap belt-roller device coincides in direction with the line of contact of the working branches of the first conveyor. Therefore, the technological reliability of the machine in the zone of transition of flax from the wrapping device to the laying device is not in doubt.

In the spreading belt-roller device, the line of movement of the working branches of the first conveyor and the line of action of the second are located at a large angle (about 45 degrees). That is, in the transition zone from the first conveyor to the second, the plants must sharply change the direction of their movement. A change in the direction of movement of plants should occur in the place where they make a free flight, that is, they are not clamped by anything. Modern flax harvesters operate at a speed of about 15-20 km / h (4-5.5 m / s). If the direction of movement changes by 45 degrees at this speed, the stems will be damaged. The situation worsens due to the fact that in the second conveyor there are fixed (in the direction of flax movement) rods on top. Plants will hit the rods and linger near them, because of this there will be a skew of the stems and an increase in their elongation in the tape.

The task of the invention is to improve the quality indicators of flax flax harvesting and, as a result, increase the quantity and quality of harvested flax products, as well as increase machine productivity while reducing its size and weight.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in flax grinder containing a pulping apparatus, consisting of sections with belts enveloping pulleys and rollers, converging in pairs, and located at the rear of the sections, a twisting-wrapping and laying-out belt-roller device, according to the invention, the spreading device is made of two belts covering the pulleys and rollers, the inner branches of which touch upward in a curved line.

A positive technical result is to increase the quantity and quality of flax products obtained from a unit of field area, harvested by the proposed flax flax, the productivity of the latter, as well as to simplify the design of the machine and reduce its size and weight. An increase in the quantity and quality of flax production will occur due to a decrease in the extension of the stems and the angle of their deviation in the ribbon spread on the field, as well as damage to the plants.

With the use of a spreading device in flax flax flipper made of two belts covering the pulleys and rollers, the inner branches of which are curved upward along the curved line, the quality of the tape will be preserved to the best extent when it is transferred from the doubling device to the spreading device, the tape is moved in the latter, and when spreading plants on the soil. In the spreading device, the stem mass will be sandwiched between the two belts throughout its path of movement. Due to this, the elongation and angle of deviation of the stems in the tape will not increase even at a high speed of movement of the stem mass. With this design, the spreading device creates the opportunity to increase the speed of the machine, and the latter will lead to an increase in its productivity. The specified version of the spreading device will reduce the dimensions of the machine and weight.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of flax flax harvester in the unit with a tractor, side view;

and figure 2 is the same, view along arrow A in figure 1.

The flax harvester contains dividers 1, a top-lifting apparatus 2, a doubling-wrapping device 3, and a spreading device 4 mounted on the frame 5. The top-lifting apparatus consists of sections 6, which include belts 7, envelope top-lifting pulleys 8, driving pulleys 9 and rollers 10. Doubled the wrapping device 3 includes lower 11 and upper 12 belts, each of which covers the drive pulley 13 and rollers 14. Belts 11 and 12 are made of semi-cross.

The spreading device 4 also consists of two belts - the lower 15 and the upper 16. The lower belt 15 is the leading one and the upper 16 is the clamping one (the upper belt can also be driven). The upper belt 16 covers the rollers 17, one or two of which can be spring loaded to maintain a stable belt tension. The lower belt 15 covers the drive pulley 18, as well as the deflecting and tensioning rollers 19. The inner branches of the belts 15 and 16 are in contact along a curved line that is convex upward. (As an option: the lower belt 11 of the doubling-wrapping conveyor 3 and the lower belt 15 of the spreading conveyor 4 can be replaced by one longer endless belt. In this embodiment, the flax tape is transferred from the doubling-wrapping device 3 to the spreading device 3 and the drive of the laying device is simplified ) Below the output end of the laying device 4, a guide shield 20 is fixed on the frame 5.

The flax flail is supported in front by the copy wheels 21, and behind by a three-point tractor hinged system 22. The drive is carried out from the tractor power take-off shaft through a cardan shaft (not shown) or using a hydraulic drive. To transmit torque to the driving pulleys of the topping sections 6, the doubling-wrapping device 3 and the laying device 4, the crankcase 23 is connected to the frame 5. Inside it, drive gears are planted on the shafts.

Flax flax floss works as follows. When the unit (tractor 24 with topiary) is moving across the field, the dividers 1 divide the flax stalk into strips and bring it to the top-belts 7 and pulleys 8. The belts and pulleys clamp the stems between their working surfaces and, when the machine moves forward, plants are pulled out (removed) from the soil . Then the plants coming from adjacent streams of one section, belts 7 are combined into a single stream. The flow of plants in the section is clamped between the belts 7 and transported to the exit of the top-lifting apparatus. Further, the flow of plants, flying out of adjacent top-lifting sections 6, fall under the action of belts 11 and 12 of the doubling-wrapping device 3. Belts bring the stem mass from two sections into one tape, grab and clamp it between their working surfaces, and then transported towards the spreading devices 4. When flax moves with belts 11 and 12, each plant is transferred from a vertical plane to a horizontal position. After exiting the doubling-wrapping device 3, the plant ribbon is gripped by the belts 15 and 16 of the spreading device 4. The spreading device is made of two belts, the inner branches of which are curved upward along a curved line. Therefore, the transition of the tape from one device to another occurs almost without changing the direction of movement of each plant. This ensures the preservation of the characteristics of the tape in the transition zone, that is, there is no increase in elongation and the angle of deviation of the stems in it. Next, the belts 15 and 16 of the spreading device 4 move the plant tape towards the exit from the machine, and the direction of its movement along with the belts gradually changes towards the soil. Since the plants are constantly sandwiched between belts 15 and 16, their relative position is preserved, that is, there is no increase in the elongation and deflection angle of the stems in the tape when it is moved in the spreading device. The output end of the spreading device 4 is directed to the soil, a continuation of it is the guide shield 20. The tape moves along the shield to the soil, not tearing away from it, and spreads on the surface of the field between the wheels of the tractor. When moving along the spreading shield 20, there is also no violation of the characteristics of the plant ribbon, since it does not change the direction of its movement. The height of the foaming of plants is regulated depending on the height of the stalk by moving up and down the copy wheels 20 of the tee.

List of sources used

1. A.S. 275577 USSR, MKI A01D 45/06. Flax weaving mill / B.K. Sentsov, L.Yu. Gurvich, S.I.Loginov et al. No. 1329897 / 30-15, declared 05/12/1969, publ. 07/03/1970. Bull. Number 22.

2. Patent 2255458 of the Russian Federation, MKI A01D 45/06. Flax terebilka / Sizov V.I., Chartsev I.M. No. 2003106541/12, declared 03/12/2003, publ. 07/10/2005.

3. Monov A.I., Soloviev A.Ya. Features of the development of flax growing in France, Belgium and Czechoslovakia. - Flax and hemp, No. 7, 1974.

4. A.S. 649357 USSR, MKI A01D 45/06. Flax harvester / N.N. Bykov, M.M. Kovalev, S.I. Login and others. No. 2365644 / 30-15, decl. 06/01/1976, publ. 02/28/79. Bull. No. 8.

Claims (1)

Flax flail, comprising a top-lifting apparatus, consisting of sections with belts enveloping pulleys and rollers converging in pairs, and a twin-wrapping and unrolling belt-roller device located at the rear of the sections, characterized in that the spreading device is made of two covering belt pulleys and rollers, the inner branches of which touch upward in a curved line.

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