RU2482512C2 - Multifunctional unified military system consisting of three monoblock radiation control devices - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: parameters of complex fields of ionising radiations are determined using a combination of five types of detectors placed in a housing consisting of three mated and interacting parts: measuring monoblock IMB1; measuring monoblock IMB2; microprocessor unit MB.

EFFECT: high efficiency of separate dose metering of several types of ionising radiations in complex fields thereof and different radiation environment conditions.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Usage: to solve the problems of military dosimetric control (DK) and ensure radiation safety of military personnel and civilian personnel of the RF Armed Forces in peacetime and wartime.

The essence of the invention lies in the possibility of implementing the concept of developing a single military multifunctional unified dosimetric monitoring complex (KDK) for various conditions of exposure in peacetime and wartime, corresponding to the modern level of scientific and technological development and able to integrate into the new look of the military system of technical equipment for radiation reconnaissance and control (TS PP and K) [1].

Technical result: the possibility of conducting a recreation center using a measuring tool, which includes a set of technical solutions and functionality for separately measuring the dose of gamma, neutron, mixed gamma-neutron and beta radiation, having a single monoblock design and allowing solving the tasks as a daily individual recreation center, and under the conditions of exposure to radiation damaging factors (RPFs) of a nuclear explosion (NW) and accidents at radiation hazardous facilities.

The invention relates to the field of military dosimetry and radiation safety (RB) personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Analysis of the status of the issue and the relevance of the invention.

The technical means of the DK irradiation, available on the supply of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, were developed to assess and forecast the combat effectiveness of personnel according to RPF nuclear weapons and were intended to provide large masses of troops. It was believed that in the conditions of the enemy’s massive use of nuclear weapons (NW), the use of multifunctional dosimeters by each military personnel would be expensive, inefficient and even harmful. Thus, a situation gradually developed when the bulk of the military and individual DK means available in the RF Armed Forces did not fully meet both the increasing requirements of the Republic of Belarus for monitoring radiation in peacetime and wartime [2, 3], and modern scientific -technical level.

At the same time, the achievements of foreign developments in this area are characterized by a significant step forward.

In world practice, the transition to energy-saving and non-volatile methods for monitoring radiation doses based on various types of electronic dosimeters has long been completed [4]. The successes achieved in the development of microprocessor technology have made it possible, by introducing elements of artificial intelligence in the logical structure of the functioning of dosimetric devices, to eliminate to a large extent the disadvantages inherent in one or another detector.

An analogue of the developed multifunctional FTC in the armies of the USA and some other European countries is the dosimeters-radiometers AN / VDR-2, Smartbadge, AMD-300 [5, 6, 7].

Among modern domestic dosimetric radiation control devices designed to supply the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the most elaborated in theoretical, design and technological plans are dosimetric complexes with electronic (microprocessor) control D-15 and D-16 [8, 9]. By most dosimetric characteristics, as well as by their universality of use, they compare favorably with other types of detectors (for example, used in the nuclear industry).

The D-15 dosimeter is designed to store and display dosimetric information about the equivalent and absorbed dose of gamma radiation, the time and duration of exposure, as well as to measure and control the dose rate of gamma radiation in the irradiation zone by the command personnel of the radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance units of military units Armed Forces of the Russian Federation from the commanding officer of the crew (crew) and above; and commanding staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation from the platoon leader and above However, the dosimeter's capabilities are limited by its purpose and type of measured radiation.

The D-16 dosimetric complex includes two separate gamma-neutron dosimeters, as well as a reader. The main disadvantage of the complex is the uncertainty of dose measurement due to the impossibility of separate measurement of gamma and neutron radiation.

Justification of fundamental structural innovations.

The author proposes the original design of the KDK, which is an optimal combination of five detectors located in three monoblocks interacting through a system of contact connectors.

Three semiconductor (PPD) type detectors for detecting gamma (two detectors) and neutron (one detector) radiation are controlled by a microprocessor, detectors for detecting mixed gamma-neutron and beta radiation (chemical and thermoluminescent, respectively) are not connected with microprocessor control.

This design allows you to provide an effective solution to the problem of separate dosimetry of several types of ionizing radiation (II) in their mixed fields and various conditions of the radiation environment (RO).

As is known, the main damaging effect of penetrating radiation (PR) of nuclear explosives is characterized by the magnitude of the neutron component, the contribution to the total dose of which is more than 75% (moreover, the "fast" part of the neutron energy range, the coefficient of relative biological efficiency of which in the range from 0 , 1 to 10 MeV, can reach values from 4 to 10) [10]. Subsequent radiation exposure will be determined by the dose generated by external gamma radiation, respectively, when using a dosimeter recording the total dose of gamma-neutron radiation, the received information about the dose will have significant uncertainty, since it is practically impossible to establish whether the soldier was exposed (unit ) only to gamma radiation, or only to PR, or to exposure in both cases. Therefore, for a reliable assessment of the degree of combat readiness by the radiation factor of both individual military personnel and units as a whole, it becomes necessary to separately measure the absorbed doses of gamma and neutron radiation in their mixed flux. Accordingly, the use of at least two types of detectors is required. However, with intensive use of gamma radiation in radiation fields, the neutron detector will also show a certain dose, but only formed as a result of ionization processes of interaction of gamma radiation with the sensitive region of the detector. This will introduce an additional error in the measurement results. The author proposes the following solution to this problem.

Under the actions of personnel under the threat of using nuclear weapons, the neutron radiation detector is in the “standby” mode and turns on when a signal appears from the sensor built into the design that is triggered by the neutron flux. Using this scheme allows you to measure the dose generated only by the neutron flux PR. At the end of the exposure, the system should automatically switch to registering the dose of gamma radiation, but continue to be in standby mode waiting for the next exposure to the neutron flux.

To solve the problem of obtaining information about the received dose of mixed gamma-neutron irradiation, in the event of a failure of the dosimetric complex as a result of exposure to other PF nuclear weapons, the KDK should include a removable chemical gamma-neutron radiation detector. The practical application of this innovation is a visual comparison of the output radiation effect formed in the detector under the influence of AI with the control expressions of this effect deposited on the KDK case (in the form of a scale) and characterizing the value of the dose received. The information obtained in this way can be used to quickly assess the degree of exposure of personnel and the timely provision of medical care.

According to the studies conducted in [11], under the conditions of radioactive substances formed during an accident with a nuclear power plant (NPP), the ratio of the dose of beta to the dose of gamma radiation can reach up to 40%, which, in the absence of protective equipment, will lead to irradiation with large doses of the surface and deep layers of the skin, as well as the sclera of the eyes.

Currently, dosimeters for measuring the individual dose of beta radiation at the supply units of the liquidation of the consequences of radiation accidents are absent. Accordingly, the task of measuring the dose of beta radiation is also quite relevant. The most optimal method for registering the dose of beta radiation is thermoluminescent (for this type of detector, a separate device for taking readings is required, which is not part of the FTC).

To obtain visual and auditory information about the increase (decrease) in radiation levels, the FTC must be equipped with light and sound signaling systems.

Description of the structure and composition of the design of the KDK.

Thus, taking into account the above description, the structure and composition of the FTC are determined. The structure of the complex is designed taking into account the modular principle and has a monoblock structure (figure 1), which includes the following elements:

- measuring monoblock IMB1 (emergency and for wartime) - 1;

- measuring monoblock IMB2 (for individual control in peacetime and measuring the dose of beta radiation) - 2;

- microprocessor unit MB - 3.

All monoblocks of the complex are docked with the MB block in a single design through a system of contact connectors (IMB1-MB-IMB2), which allows them to be disconnected and replaced, as well as use only the circuit required in these conditions - IMB1-MB, IMB2-MB, IMB1 -MB-IMB2.

The IMB1 monoblock is designed for separate measurement and storage of information on the absorbed dose of gamma and pulsed neutron radiation, measuring the absorbed dose of gamma and neutron radiation, as well as determining the dose of mixed gamma and neutron radiation by a chemical dosimeter. To do this, on the monoblock case there is a special scale (figure 1, No. 27) for measuring the output radiation effect in the form of eight circles with a varying color intensity and corresponding dose values <10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 1000,> 1000.

The composition of IMB1 includes (figure 1):

- PPD gamma radiation - 4;

- PPD neutron radiation - 5;

- chemical detector of mixed gamma-neutron radiation - 6;

- sensor for switching on the measurement mode of the pulsed neutron flux PR - 7;

- non-volatile memory - 8;

- light signaling indicator for visual determination of changes in radiation level parameters - 9;

- system of contact sockets for connection with microprocessor MB - 10.

The IMB2 monoblock is intended for separate measurement and storage of dosimetric information about an individual equivalent (or absorbed) dose of gamma and beta radiation.

The composition of IMB2 includes (figure 1):

- PPD gamma radiation - 11;

- thermoluminescent beta radiation detector - 12;

- non-volatile memory - 13;

- light signaling indicator for visual determination of changes in radiation level parameters - 14;

- system of contact sockets for connection with microprocessor MB - 15.

The microprocessor unit MB is designed to control the processes of reading, processing and transmission of data coming from monoblock detectors IMB1 and IMB2, external communication channels / non-volatile memory base, sound signaling and information display and command input systems.

The composition of the MB includes (figure 1):

- microprocessor - 16;

- power source - 17;

- infrared radiation transceiver to provide the ability to transmit information through the IR communication channel - 18;

- non-volatile memory - 19;

- liquid crystal screen (indicator) - 20;

- port for communication with PC - 21;

- a sound alarm unit for issuing an audio signal about an increase (decrease) in radiation levels - 22;

- analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to ensure the conversion of analog signals from detectors into digital form - 23;

- an amplifier for amplifying weak signals from detectors at low radiation levels - 24;

- keyboard - 25;

- a system of contact connectors for interfacing with IMB1 and IMB2 - 26.

List of sources used

1. Solovykh SN, Justification of the concept of development of a system of technical means of radiation reconnaissance and control [Text]: monograph. / S.N. Solovy; Military Academy of the Republican Military Chemical Defense - Kostroma, 2009 .-- 150 p. - Bibliography: p.133-147. - Dep. at TsVNI Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation 12/15/08, inv. No. A9992.

2. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 16, 1997 No. 718 “On the procedure for creating a unified state system for monitoring and recording individual doses of radiation to citizens” [Text]. - M., 1997.

3. Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of July 31, 2000 No. 298 “On approval of the Regulation on the unified state system for monitoring and recording individual doses of radiation to citizens” [Text]. - M., 2000.

4. Subbotin, E.P. Dosimetric complex for separate registration and measurement of doses of gamma and neutron radiation [Text]: dis. ... cand. tech. sciences. / Subbotin Evgeny Pavlovich. - M .: VA RHBZ, 2006 .-- 136 p.

5. AMD. Company brochure.

6. AN / VDR. Company brochure.

7. Smertbadge. Company brochure.

8. Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation dated August 10, 2006 No. 334 “On Acceptance of a Directly Indicating (Command) D-15 Gamma Radiation Meter for Supply to the RF Armed Forces” [Text]. - M., 2006.

9. Set D-16. Explanatory note to the technical design. AESN.412118.001PZ [Text]. - M.: MIET, 2007 .-- 165 p.

10. The combat properties of nuclear weapons. Aerial, ground and underground nuclear explosions [Text]. - Volume Two. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1980 .-- 528 p.

11. Development of the TTT project for technical equipment for equipping special military units for emergency response [Text]: research report No. 3743 (private report on stage 3.3). / Hands. Andreev N.P .; performer: Fedorov N.A., Vdovin P.V. [and etc.]. - Volsk-18, military unit 61469, 1991 .-- 162 p.

Claims (4)

1. Military multifunctional unified dosimetric control complex, characterized in that for determining the parameters of the mixed fields of ionizing radiation, a combination of five detectors of three types is used in a housing consisting of three connected and interacting parts: measuring unit IMB1; measuring monoblock IMB2; microprocessor unit MB. 2. Monoblock IMB1, included in the complex, characterized in that it includes three detectors for detecting gamma, neutron and mixed gamma-neutron radiation, an indicator of light signaling and non-volatile memory; a mixed gamma-neutron radiation detector is chemical and is not connected with microprocessor control; a scale calibrated by expressions of the output effect of the dose is applied to the housing of the IMB1 monoblock, according to which the readings are read from a chemical detector; detectors for detecting gamma and neutron radiation are semiconductor and are controlled through the existing system of contact connectors by a microprocessor located in the MB unit, the neutron radiation detector is driven by a signal from the sensor for switching on the pulsed neutron flux measurement mode. 3. Monoblock IMB2, which is part of the complex, characterized in that it includes two gamma and beta radiation detectors, an indicator of light signaling and non-volatile memory; the detector for detecting gamma radiation is semiconductor and is controlled through the existing system of contact connectors by a microprocessor located in the MB unit; the beta radiation detector is thermoluminescent and is not connected with microprocessor control. 4. The microprocessor block MB, which is part of the complex, characterized in that through the microprocessor and the existing system of contact connectors it provides control of the measuring monoblocks IMB1 and IMB2 in three different combinations: IMB1-MB, IMB2-MB, IMB1-MB-IMB2.