RU2477305C1 - Active pellets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to recycling wood-plant wastes and peat and can be used in producing ecologically clean biofuels in form of active briquettes and granules (pellets) for industrial and domestic needs. The solid biofuel based on wood-plant components and/or peat additionally contains a combustion catalyst, with the following ratio of components, wt %: combustion catalyst 0.001-10; crushed wood-plant component and/or peat 100. The wood-plant components used are wood shavings, wood chips, bark, straw, chaff, seed husks, mill cake, stalks and leaves, waste paper, and the combustion catalyst is in form of inorganic derivatives of group I-II and VI-VIII metals.

EFFECT: obtaining ecologically clean biofuel.

3 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of utilization of wood-vegetable waste and peat and can be used in the production of environmentally friendly biofuels in the form of active briquettes and granules (pellets) for industrial and domestic needs.

Granules (pellets) are compressed particles of plant origin, having the form of cylinders with a diameter of up to 25 mm.

Briquettes are compressed particles of plant origin, having the form of cylinders with a diameter of more than 25 mm (or having a polygon in cross section, sometimes with a hole in the center).

A known fuel briquette obtained by mixing crushed <42 mesh carbon material, such as, for example, peat, charcoal, plant material, lignite, etc., with acidic sludge, followed by molding the resulting mixture [Pat. US 3,592,779].

A fuel briquette is known containing a dried mixture of crushed solid fuels from the group: sawdust, peat, dehydrated bird droppings, dehydrated manure, etc. and / or their mixture, as well as a precipitate from wastewater treatment, and a binder selected from the group: lignosulfonate, molasses, and / or clay, and / or paraffin or paraffin wax [Pat. Russia 2130047].

The disadvantage of these technical solutions are increased ash and acidity.

The known composition of solid biofuels, which includes crushed coal, crushed waste wood processing, hydrocarbon-containing binder and water [US Pat. Russia 2098461].

The disadvantages of this composition include: increased ash content of biofuels, the complexity of preparing a multicomponent composition of raw materials.

The composition of solid biofuel from a plant mixture is known, including 30-60% of wood waste and technical hydrolysis lignin - the rest. [Pat. Russia 2131912].

The disadvantages of the method include the high costs of transportation, storage and processing of technical hydrolysis lignin, used as a binder in the production of biofuels, a high rate of water absorption, high ash content and relatively low heat of combustion of biofuels.

Known solid biofuel from a plant mixture of the composition (wt.%): Wood waste - 99.0 ÷ 99.9; diesel fuel - 0.1 ÷ 1 [US Pat. Russia 2402598].

This technical solution is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the presence of flammable diesel fuel, the deterioration of the environmental characteristics of the fuel during storage due to the emission of harmful fumes into the atmosphere of the storage and use of fuel.

The aim of this invention is to expand the range of solid biofuels used, a more complete utilization of various wood-vegetable waste and peat in the production of effective active solid biofuels with minimal cost, increase the completeness of combustion of biofuels and reduce harmful substances in the exhaust gases during fuel combustion.

This goal is achieved in that the active solid biofuel contains crushed wood-plant component and / or peat, and a combustion catalyst in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Combustion catalyst 0.001-10; Ground woody plant component and / or peat up to 100.

1. Organic and inorganic derivatives of metals of groups I-II and VI-VIII of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements of D. I. Mendeleev can be used as combustion catalysts.

As wood-plant components can be used sawdust, wood chips, bark, straw, flooring, husk seeds, bagasse, stems and leaves of plants, paper waste. The grinding of wood-plant components and peat can be carried out by any known method, for example, in a disintegrator, mill, etc. Plant waste can be mixed with peat in any necessary proportions.

The method for producing solid biofuel consists in dosing and mixing the crushed used components - crushed plant component and / or peat, and a combustion catalyst, followed by pressing them according to the standard technology for producing fuel pellets [Wood pellet in Russia and the CIS: Handbook: St. Petersburg, 2005 . - 124 s .; Zanegin L.A., Voskoboinikov I.V., Kondratyuk V.A., Schelokov V.M. Wood biomass and bioenergy: monograph - M .: GOU VPO MGUL, 2008, v.2. - 456 p.]. Or by introducing a catalyst solution into the dried biomass, followed by pressing them according to the standard technology for producing fuel pellets and briquettes.

To test the effectiveness of active pellets obtained from various raw materials in the laboratory, pellets with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 12 mm were made from spruce bark, chopped chips from birch stumps, sunflower seed cake, maple leaves, wheat straw and floor, peanut husks, peat and paper waste from the bLSRABBIT office paper shredder.

Manganese acetylacetonate at a concentration of 5% was used as a combustion catalyst in all laboratory active pellets.

Tests of laboratory active pellets were carried out according to GOST 2408.1-95 with some changes: instead of oxygen, air was used, and at the outlet from the furnace gas did not enter into absorption bottles, but into the Crystal 5000 laboratory gas chromatograph, version 2, version 2. The test results are shown in table 1.

Table 1. Test results of laboratory active pellets No. p / p The composition of the pellets The composition of the exhaust gases, mg / m ³ With NOx Cxnx one bark of spruce 63 83 9 2 chip from birch stumps 57 63 7 3 sunflower seed cake 48 69 8 four Maple leaves 51 71 6 5 wheat straw 53 73 5 6 wheat floor 52 68 6 7 peanut husk 47 62 8 8 peat 43 103 9 9 paper waste 67 90 eleven 10 sawdust of deciduous trees without catalyst 89 141 13

Totek pellets produced pilot samples of active Totek pellets with combustion catalysts. Three samples were obtained with the introduction of solid combustion catalysts - chromium and magnesium acetylacetonates and copper oleic acid directly into dry filings with normalized humidity. Two other samples were obtained by adding aqueous solutions of nickel acetate and potassium permanganate to dry sawdust.

Samples 7-9, containing both organic and inorganic metal derivatives in a 1: 1 ratio of magnesium acetylacetonate and potassium permanganate, chromium acetylacetonate and calcium dichromate, ferrocene and copper nitrate, were obtained by introducing solid combustion catalysts directly into dry sawdust with normalized humidity.

It is impossible to introduce catalysts in the form of aqueous solutions because of the almost complete insolubility of organic derivatives in water.

Organic solvents cannot be used due to their high fire hazard.

Tests of active pellets were carried out by burning them in a solid fuel steel pellet boiler of the FACI 10 brand in the following sequence: standard Totek pellets, Totek pellets modified with combustion catalysts, and again standard Totek pellets. The composition of the exhaust gas was determined by a stationary gas analyzer for continuous measurement of IMR 7500. The test results are shown in table 2.

The data presented in the tables confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technical solution. Moreover, it is effective to use both a mixture of organic and inorganic derivatives of metals, and each of the catalysts separately. However, the use of a mixture of catalysts is more efficient.

Table 2. Test results of active pellets "TOTEK" with combustion catalysts No. p / p The composition of the pellets,% Catalyst composition Pellet properties The composition of the exhaust gases, mg / m ³ sawdust catalyst Humidity% Density, kg / m ³ Calorific value, MJ / kg With NOx Cxnx one one hundred - - 10.3 1,11 18.3 87 134 12 2 97.0 3.0 magnesium acetylacetonate 10,2 1.12 18.3 fifty 86 7 3 99.0 1,0 chromium acetylacetonate 10.3 1.12 18.5 53 93 8 four 98.8 1,2 oleic acid copper 10,2 1,11 18.3 31 77 6 5 98.5 0.5 nickel acetate 10,4 1.12 18,4 45 81 7 6 99.95 0.05 potassium permanganate 10,2 1,11 18.5 27 63 5 7 97.0 3.0 magnesium acetylacetonate: potassium permanganate 1: 1 10,2 1,11 18.5 21 58 four 8 95.0 5,0 chromium acetylacetonate: 1: 1 calcium dichromate 10,2 1.12 18,4 35 64 5 9 98.0 2.0 ferrocene: copper nitrate 10.3 1.12 18,4 29th 70 5 10 one hundred - - 10.3 1,11 18.3 85 131 eleven

Claims (3)

1. Solid biofuel based on wood-plant components and / or peat, characterized in that it further comprises a combustion catalyst in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Combustion catalyst 0.001-10 Ground woody plant component and / or peat up to 100 2. Solid biofuels according to claim 1, characterized in that as wood-plant components it contains sawdust, wood chips, bark, straw, floor, husk seeds, bagasse, stems and leaves of plants, paper waste. 3. Solid biofuel according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains organic and inorganic derivatives of metals of groups I-II and VI-VIII of the Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements of D. I. Mendeleev as a combustion catalyst.