RU2474030C2 - Method and system to control electrical equipment, in particular, lighting system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: data exchange between lamps and a module of communication of an actuating station is carried out by means of information packages with coded information according to an exchange protocol, simultaneously to all lamps, which are permanently in the reception condition, at any moment of time, not synchronising their start of transmission with any parameters of the power supply circuit. The lighting system comprises the following: CPU 1, a personal computer or a server 2, a CPU modem 3, an actuating station 4, a power supply line 5, a device of electrical energy accounting 6, a high frequency filter 7, a source of power supply 8, a modem of a source of power supply 9, a governing controller 10, peripheral sensors 11, a switching unit 12, a communication module 13, a device of protection against lightning surges and short circuits 14, a lighting line 15, controlled lamps 16, a repeater 17, a lamp filter 18, uncontrolled lamps 19.

EFFECT: increased distance of data transfer and exchange speed.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method and control systems for electrical equipment, in particular lighting systems and, accordingly, a method for controlling lighting systems.

The automation and control devices developed in recent years made it possible to create complex lighting control systems in which control is exercised from the central control point, both as a whole for the lighting system and, in particular, individually for each lamp.

Such lighting systems are used, for example, in large buildings, in outdoor lighting systems.

However, in lighting systems for convenient and universal control over the system and individual lamps, it is desirable to have an executive point to ensure optimal lighting in specific areas of lighting at a given time, for example: pedestrian crossings, central city streets, freeways, venues for celebrations and other events.

Such lighting improves light comfort, improves safety, due to the optimal selection of lighting at any given time, it can significantly save energy. In addition, the presence of feedback between the addressable control luminaires and the executive point helps to reduce operating costs due to remote monitoring of the condition and serviceability of the luminaires. Currently known and widely used method of data transfer without additional buses through the power network, the so-called technology - Powerline. At the same time, electric power supply lines are used to transfer data by superimposing a higher modulated carrier frequency on a regular network frequency of 50 Hz. The carrier frequency contains encoded information that is decoded by the respective luminaires.

In some cases, the use of Powerline technology is very problematic, since there can be long distances between the transmitter and receiver and interference and signal attenuation can occur, which impair data transmission through power wires. Due to the attenuation and interference of the signals, it is difficult to ensure the correct reception and processing of signals. However, for reliable operation of the system, it is necessary to provide a high degree of reliability of data transmission through power wires with respect to errors that occur. It should be noted that the maximum signal level (dB mu V) is limited by standards. In Europe, for example, since 1991 the CENELEC EN 50065 standard has been in force, according to which the frequency range from 95 kHz to 148.5 kHz is intended for private use - the maximum input level is 116 dB mu V (= 631 mV eff.). In the frequency range between 9 kHz and 95 kHz, the maximum allowable signal level of 134 dB mu V (= 5 V) decreases to 122 dB mu V (= 1.25 V). These limitations impede the implementation of a remote lighting control system using Powerline technology.

Closest to the claimed method and the claimed system is the method and control system for electrical devices presented in European patent No. 1717927, class H02J, 13/00, publ. 2006.11.02.

A known method implemented in this system includes controlling electrical appliances or fixtures that are connected to an electrical power line, the fixtures exchange information with the control unit and are synchronized with respect to each other, the fixture receiving information and then transmitting it to the next fixture, etc.

Electronic devices are synchronized with each other in such a way that they can only send and receive information in predetermined receive / transmit cycles through the power supply network.

The system comprises a central control center, at least one communication device, a control unit with a control controller, a module for connecting sensors and actuators, a communication module for sending and receiving control commands for the lamps, a power switching unit and switching equipment, as well as at least at least one lamp with a transmission / reception unit connected to the lighting line.

The disadvantage of these tools is that they do not provide the range of data transfer, the necessary exchange rate and require significant costs for implementation and maintenance.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the elimination of the above disadvantages, while ensuring reliable and accurate data transfer, uninterrupted operation when communication with the central control center is lost, the ability of the lighting system to display on the monitor the real state of each lighting section at the operator’s choice, to work in parallel as in manual control mode , and according to predetermined table charts, the ability of the system to work with various types of fixtures, in addition, it improves spluatatsionnoe maintenance lighting system.

The above technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of controlling electrical equipment, in particular a lighting system, in which the luminaires exchange data with the executive point via the lighting line, data is exchanged between the luminaires and the executive point as follows.

The communication module of the executive point submits information packets with encoded information to the lighting line, in accordance with the exchange protocol, simultaneously to all the luminaires that are constantly in the receiving state at any time, without synchronizing their start of transmission with any parameters of the power supply network, a high-pass filter blocks the passage of information packets from the communication module of the executive point to the power line of the executive point, and also reduces interference from this line, this signal is amplified by repeaters, while the controlled luminaires receive the transmission packet, decode it, check the address and phase of the device, and if the luminaire’s own address does not match the transmission packet’s address, the lamp ignores the packet, and if the luminaire’s own address matches the transmission packet’s address, then the luminaire executes a command that is encoded in the received information packet in accordance with the command data, which are also encoded in the information packet, and after the command is completed, the lamp and form a response information packet in which the information that is obtained as a result of the command is encoded.

In this case, after the filing of the information packet, the communication module waits for the time, the value of which is determined by the time necessary for the lamp to transmit the response to the communication module, and if the answer is not received, then the transmission cycles are repeated until the answer is received, and if the answer is not received, then the control controller form a mark of lack of communication with the lamp.

To quickly obtain information on the current state of all luminaires, the control controller periodically polls their status and stores the information in the memory of the control controller in the form of a file or database, which is then transferred to the central control point for decoding, while the lighting system works in parallel as in manual control mode, as well as according to predetermined table charts in which the commands necessary for the execution, the execution time of the commands, command data, are determined in advance moreover, the tabular graphs are sent by modem from the central control point to the executive point and vice versa, and the transmission packet from the executive point to the controlled lamp contains the device address, connection phase, the command that the controlled lamp should execute, command data, control information that serves to exclude error transmission in the transmitted data, and the response transmission packet from the controlled lamp to the executive point contains the address of the executive point, the command th fulfilled lamp, data obtained as a result of the command, control information, which is used to exclude the passage of errors in data transmission.

The advantage of this method is the speed of information exchange, due to the fact that information packets are transmitted to the lighting line at any time, simultaneously to all controlled luminaires, without synchronizing their start of transmission with any parameters of the lighting line and increasing the reception / transmission range due to the use of a high-pass filter installed in the power supply circuits of the executive point and repeaters, which amplify the signal in which the information packets are encoded.

The inventive system for controlling electrical equipment, in particular a lighting system, comprising a central control center, a modem connected to a central control center, at least one executive point with a control controller, a communication module for receiving / transmitting packets, peripheral sensors, a switching unit, at least one controlled luminaire that is connected to the lighting line and, unlike the known one, the system is configured to function in accordance with commands, in advance annymi, at least a year, and recorded in the master controller memory and protocol, according to which the information packet is formed therein with encoded information.

The system is configured to process an information packet received from a controllable lamp, followed by decoding at a central control point.

The central control center contains an interactive control system, which includes maps of the area where the fixtures are installed, display of fixtures on these cards in the form of active graphic objects, graphic screens in which tabular graphs of the system’s operation and various system operation modes are set.

To increase the communication range, repeaters are installed that are connected to the same wires of the lighting line with controlled lights.

At the executive point, a high-pass filter is installed, which is connected to the input power supply circuits of the executive point.

Tabulated graphs are placed in the memory of the control controller of the executive point and in the central control point, and the control controller is configured to automatically sequentially select commands from the table graph in accordance with the execution time and execute them.

The system additionally includes high-pass filters for uncontrolled luminaires, which are connected to the power supply gap of each uncontrolled luminaire, to prevent suppression of the passage of information packets.

An electricity meter was introduced at the executive point, which is connected to the power supply line by its input and an output to a high-pass filter.

The introduction of an interactive control system allows you to display on the monitor the real state of each lighting section, at the choice of the operator, while the lighting section is displayed on the monitor in the form of a graphic display of the terrain of the lighting section with the designation of the main terrain objects (houses, streets, roads ...), as well as each installed lamp. The display of the luminaire is active, that is, its display changes depending on the operating mode, faults, on / off status. For example: when turning on / off, it changes color, in case of an accident it flashes in different colors. In this case, by a simple mouse click on the display of the lamp, you can get various information about the state of the lamp, as well as manage it.

The installation of repeaters can significantly increase the range due to the fact that it works as a repeater for transmitting transmission packets from the communication module and information packets of controlled luminaires.

Placing tabular graphs in the control controller of the executive point and in the central control center allows each section of the lighting system to work autonomously, in case of communication failure with the central control center.

The introduction of a high-pass filter allows you to prevent the passage of high-frequency interference from the power supply line to the lighting line and vice versa, which makes it possible to increase the level of the high-frequency control signal supplied to the lighting line, and this allows to increase the transmission range.

The introduction of high-pass filters for uncontrolled luminaires allows the system to work with various types of luminaires, and also allows you to upgrade the lighting system without significant initial material costs.

The introduction of an electricity meter allows you to take electricity into account and monitor the meter readings remotely from a central control point.

The drawing shows a structural diagram of the lighting system and its condition in the form of a realistic picture on the monitor screen of the central control center (hereinafter CPU) in real time with the geometrical reference of each lamp to the place of its actual location and the function of controlling the lamp by clicking on the mouse on the corresponding image of the lamp.

The lighting system contains: CPU 1, a personal computer or server 2 (hereinafter - PC) or a PC group, modem CPU 3, execution point 4 (hereinafter - IP), power supply line 5, electric energy meter 6, high-pass filter 7, source power supply 8, IP 9 modem, control controller 10 (hereinafter CC), peripheral sensors 11, switching unit 12, communication module 13, lightning overvoltage and short circuit protection device 14, lighting line 15, controllable lamps 16, repeater 17, lamp filters 18, uncontrolled lights 19.

CPU 1 is a personal computer, a server (or a group of PCs, servers) 2, to which is connected a communication device, in particular, a CPU 3 modem (GSM / GPRS modem, wireline modem, optical modem, radio modem ...). CPU 1 through a modem 3, the CPU is connected to IP 4, power 4 is supplied to IP 4, power meter 6 is connected to power line 5. Power is supplied to electric power meter 6 and a high-pass filter 7 is supplied to power supply 8 and switching unit 12. Secondary power from the power source 8 is supplied to the modem 9, the control controller 10, peripheral sensors and devices 11, the switching unit 12, the communication module 13. The IP modem 9 is connected to the control controller 10, I control The controller 10 is connected to the switching unit 12, the communication module 13, peripheral sensors and devices 11. The switching unit 12 and the communication module 13 are connected to the lighting line 15 through the device of protection against lightning surges and short circuits 15. Controlled lamps 16 are connected to the lighting line 15 , repeater 17, filter fixtures 18, uncontrolled fixtures 19.

The system operates as follows.

In the absence of control commands from the CPU 1, UK 10 selects from the memory installed in it, and in accordance with the current time, the predefined control commands, and executes them.

Examples of control commands are described below (command numbers and commands may be different):

Team Number ** Team value one Turn on the lamp 2 Turn off the lamp 3 Turn on with power setting (in%) four Set power in% without turning on 5 Read the status of the controlled lamp. The following data is determined: - lamp status on / off; - abnormal lamp operation; - short circuit in the lamp; - the presence of a lamp in the lamp; - output voltage is normal; - hardware error of a controlled lamp; - the presence of a large number of communication interference; - general condition of the malfunction (the state is established in the presence of at least one malfunction) 6 Read the voltage in the lamp network 7 Read power consumption from the lamp 8 Read power setting 9 Ping (used to test the quality of communication) 51 Enable Phase A 52 Enable Phase B 53 Enable Phase C 61 Turn off phase A 62 Turn off phase B 63 Turn off phase C

Certain sets of commands correspond to each month, these sets of commands form monthly schedules of the system, according to which the lights are turned on / off, and the lighting power is regulated. There are at least 12 schedules, one for a month.

To turn on / off the phases, control commands are sent from the UK 10 to the switching unit 12.

To control the luminaires, control commands are sent from the UK 10 to the communication module 13 (hereinafter MS).

In addition to controlling the lighting system, UK 10 performs a number of additional functions:

- controls various peripheral devices (temperature sensors, heaters, tamper sensors, electricity meters ...)

- communicates with the CPU 1 through the modem IP 3.

The switching unit 12 is a contactor or semiconductor power switch, designed to supply voltage to the lighting line. The supply voltage can be performed both in phase and simultaneously simultaneously for several phases.

MS 13 incorporates a receiver and a transmitter for controlling luminaires. Upon receipt of the lighting control command in MS 13, from UK 10, the transmitter in MS 13 by means of frequency modulation with a frequency range of 95-105 kHz (according to GOST R 51317.3.8-99 and IEC 61000-3-8-97) sends control commands directly into the lighting line 15.

The controlled luminaires 16 connected to the lighting line 15 are constantly in reception mode, and upon the arrival of the control command they execute it, after which they transmit the response about the results of the executed command back through MS 13 to CC 10.

UK 10 communicates with the switching unit 12 and the MS 13 through one of the standard interfaces: RS232, RS485, USB.

The power source 8 is used to power devices installed in IP 4.

The IP 3 modem is used to communicate the CPU 1 with the Criminal Code 10. The IP 3 modem can be of several varieties, depending on the type of communication used:

- GSM / GPRS modem;

- radio modem;

- wired modem;

- fiber optic communication modem.

To reduce interference emitted to the power supply line and interference from this network, as well as to increase the communication range, reduce the influence of capacitor units installed in the network, a high-pass filter 7 is installed in the power supply circuits of the power supply unit. The high-pass filter 7 prevents the passage of a signal with a frequency of 95-105 kHz through them.

In the event of a poor connection between the MS 13 and the controlled luminaires 16, repeaters 17 are installed in the lighting line 15, which serve as repeaters of control commands coming from IP 4 and back to IP 4 from the controlled lamps 16.

When controlled by the CPU 1, control commands are generated in the CPU 1, then by means of modem communication are transmitted to the UK 10, which performs them as described above.

Control commands from the MS 13 to the controlled luminaires 16 and vice versa are transmitted in the form of information packets. The package format consists of the following information.

Information package from MS 13 to lamp 16:

- device address and its connection phase;

- the command to be controlled by the lamp 16;

- team data;

- CRC.

Information packet response from the lamp in MS 13:

- IP 4 address;

- the team that performed the lamp;

- data obtained as a result of the command;

- CRC.

Wherein:

the address of the controlled luminaire 16 or IP 4 can, as a rule, be in the range from 0 to 255. At the same time, there are common addresses for all devices necessary for transmitting group commands (for example, 0, 185). IP address 4, as a rule - 1. Connection phase - A, B, C.

The command can be selected according to the functions that the addressed device performs. For example: turn on / off the lamp, set the power as a percentage, consider device malfunctions ....

The data obtained as a result of the execution of the command must correspond to the executed command. For example, when requesting voltage on a luminaire, the voltage on the device in volts should be reflected in this data, when requesting information about a lamp malfunction - accordingly, a malfunction code.

CRC - control information, which serves to exclude the passage of errors in the transmitted data.

The cycle of data exchange between IP 4 and controlled fixtures 16:

- in accordance with the specified algorithm of operation, IP 4 generates an information packet and sends it to the network using Powerline technology. Moreover, the feature is the ability to transmit an information package at any time, without synchronizing its beginning of transmission with any parameters of the lighting network;

- controlled lights 16 are constantly in a state of reception and receive the transmitted transmission packet from IP 4;

- each managed lamp 16, which has received the information packet, decodes it and checks the address and phase;

- if the own address of the controlled lamp 16 does not match the address of the information packet, the device ignores the information packet;

- if the own address of the controlled luminaire matches the address of the information packet, then the device executes the command encoded in the information packet in accordance with the command data;

- after executing a command, the device generates an information packet for a response in IP 4, in which information obtained as a result of the command is encoded.

Wherein:

- after submitting the control command, IP 4 waits for the time required to receive a response from the device, if the response is not received, then the information packet transmission cycles are repeated a specified number of times, if the answer is not received, then a mark of lack of communication with controlled lamp 16.

To quickly obtain information about the current state of the controlled fixtures 16 IP 4 periodically polls their status and stores the received information in the memory of the Criminal Code 10 in the form of a file or database, which can be easily transferred to CPU 1 and decoded.

A feature of the present invention is the ability to easily expand, maintain the lighting system. This is achieved by using in CPU 1 and IP 4 widely used in automation systems controllers, interface modules, devices, software, communication protocols between devices inside the control unit. This makes it easy to train maintenance and repair personnel, as well as to involve personnel already trained in similar systems in the operation and repair. The presence of standard devices and protocols makes it easy to add new devices to the control unit to perform various additional functions. This greatly enhances the competitive advantages of this invention, since ease of maintenance, repair, expansion is the main factor in the choice of a lighting system by customers.

A feature of the present invention is the ability of the system to work with various types of fixtures. In a real lighting system, most often there is no need to install only expensive luminaires with targeted control in the lighting sections. For example, in some central streets, at pedestrian crossings, critical sections of the road, etc., you can install ordinary cheap lamps without power adjustment, which will always shine at night at 100% power. In order for the power circuits of these luminaires, which, as a rule, have a capacitor of significant capacity, not to suppress the high-frequency signal transmitted by Powerline technology, a filter is designed to break the power line of each such luminaire so that the high-frequency signal suppression is in the control frequency band minimal. In addition, this allows you to achieve additional significant advantages - the possibility of gradual modernization of the old lighting system without significant upfront costs. For example, first you can install a new IP 4, which will work according to the algorithm of the old IP or control cabinet and gradually, one by one, replace the old, uncontrollable lamps 19 with new - controlled lamps 16. Or first install new controlled lamps 16, and then install a new IP 4.

Other similar systems require the simultaneous replacement of all fixtures, power lines and control units, which requires significant financial costs.

Claims (5)

1. A method of controlling electrical equipment, in particular a lighting system, in which the luminaires exchange data with the executive point via the lighting line, characterized in that the data exchange between the lamps and the executive point is carried out as follows, the communication module of the executive point sends information packets to the lighting line with encoded information, in accordance with the exchange protocol, simultaneously to all luminaires that are constantly in the receiving state, at any time nor, without synchronizing their start of transmission with any parameters of the power supply network, the high-pass filter blocks the passage of information packets from the communication module of the executive point to the power line of the executive point, and also reduces interference from this line, the transmitted signal is amplified by repeaters, while controlled luminaires receive the transmission packet, decode it, check the address and phase, and if the lamp's own address does not match the address of the transmission packet, the lamp ignores the packet, and if Since the luminaire’s address is the same as the address of the transmission packet, the luminaire executes a command that is encoded in the received information packet in accordance with the command data, which is also encoded in the information packet, and after the command is completed, the luminaires form a response information packet in which the information received is encoded as a result of the execution of the command, in this case, after the filing of the information packet, the communication module waits for the time, the value of which is determined by the time necessary for the lights to send the answer to the communication module, and if the answer is not received, the transmission cycles are repeated until the answer is received, and if the answer is still not received, then a mark of lack of communication with the lamp is formed in the control controller, and for quickly receiving information about the current the state of all the luminaires, the control controller periodically polls their status, and stores the received information in the memory of the control controller in the form of a file or database, which is then transmitted to the central control point for decoding, at Ohm, the lighting system works in parallel both in manual control mode and according to predetermined tabular schedules, in which the commands necessary for executing the commands, the execution time of the commands, and command data are pre-determined, and the tabular graphs are sent via modem from the central control center to the executive point and vice versa . 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tabular graphs are sent via a modem, for example, a GSM / GPRS modem, a wired modem, a fiber optic communication modem. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the information package from the communication module of the executive point to the controlled lamp and vice versa is carried out in accordance with the exchange protocol, which contains the address of the device, its connection phase, service bits, the command that the lamp must execute, command data, control information, which serves to exclude the passage of errors in the transmitted data. 4. A system for controlling electrical equipment, in particular a lighting system, comprising a central control unit, a modem connected to a central control unit, at least one executive unit with a control controller, a communication module for receiving / transmitting packets, peripheral sensors, a switching unit at least one controlled lamp that is connected to the lighting line, characterized in that the system is configured to function in accordance with commands predefined as m a minimum for a whole year and stored in the memory of the control controller, as well as in accordance with the protocol, according to which an information packet is formed with the information encoded in it, and the system is configured to process the information packet received from the controlled lamp, followed by decoding in a central point control, which contains an interactive control system, including maps of the area where the fixtures are installed, the display of fixtures on these maps in the form of active graphs objects, graphic screens in which tabular graphs of the system’s operation and various modes of the system’s operation are set, and to increase the communication range, repeaters are installed that are connected to the same wires of the lighting line with controlled lights, and a high-pass filter is installed in the control room, which is connected to the input power circuits of the power supply of the executive point, tabulated graphs are placed in the memory of the control controller of the executive point and in the central control point, and the control con the troller is configured to automatically sequentially select commands from the table graph in accordance with the execution time and execute them, as well as the high-pass filters for uncontrolled luminaires that are connected to the power supply gap of each uncontrolled luminaire are additionally added to the system to prevent suppression of information packets . 5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the metering device for electric power is introduced into the executive point, which is connected to the power supply line by its input and to the high-pass filter by the output.