RU2473752C1 - Method of erection of building multilayer wall - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method for erection of a multilayer wall of a building consists in laying a belt of tying ground beams onto a foundation along axes of a building and their nondetachable connection to each other, assembly of internal modules from finished panels, fully complying with appropriate planning solutions, which are then serially installed on the foundation, are joined to each other and solidified with concrete, serially assembling each of the floors and producing the inner bearing form factor of the building, then onto the belt of tying ground beams they install self-bearing external insulated panels for the height of the building, which are fixed to the embedded parts of the ground beams and the last floor of the internal form factor, afterwards a belt of tying parapet beams is laid along the building floor, which are joined with self-bearing external insulated panels, and window openings are sealed by installation of insulated windowsill panels.

EFFECT: simplified technology of construction of multilayer walls of buildings, higher noise and heat insulation properties due to reduction of losses and elimination of cold bridges in areas of joints of the inner form factor and external self-bearing panels, improved sealing due to elimination of horizontal joints of a self-bearing external panel.

5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction, namely, the technology of construction of a multilayer wall of buildings.

In connection with the increasing requirements for energy saving, the problem of heat conservation by buildings can be solved only with the use of multilayer walling with effective insulation.

Known three-layer reinforced concrete panel, including the outer and inner concrete layers with insulation placed between them (see AS USSR No. 1392225, IPC ⁴ Е04С 2/26, 1988).

The main disadvantage of the known panel, from which the multi-layer walls of buildings are erected, is that with significant fluctuations in the outdoor temperatures typical for regions with a sharply continental climate, significant deformation of the outer layer and the creation of emergency situations are possible. When using these panels, which, in addition, violate the aesthetic perception of the appearance of the building, there is a need for careful sealing.

A known method of erecting the outer wall of a multi-storey building, including installing the outer and inner walls separated by an air gap, connecting them together and placing insulation between them, the outer wall within each floor being installed on a reinforced concrete frame rigidly fixed to the supporting structures of the building after fixing a given the butt gap with the following outer wall, and the floor-mounted installation of the outer wall, mainly of concrete panels, is performed prior to installation inside it (see. RF patent №2122082, IPC ⁶ E04V 2/28, 1998).

The main disadvantages of this method of construction of the outer wall are:

1. The complexity and complexity of installation associated with a large number of technological operations;

2. The ability to install the outer wall without preliminary mounting the inner wall only within one floor;

3. The appearance of significant temperature stresses in the elements of the reinforced concrete frame;

4. Additional heat loss through the reinforced concrete frame and through metal bonds.

A known method of building the outer wall of the building, including the construction of lightweight masonry from small pieces of materials and the inner wall with their connection to each other and placing on top of the masonry temporary beacons and on them a reinforced concrete frame with slots in the middle part for the passage of insulation. The frame is fixed, connected to reinforced concrete columns previously fixed to the ends of the internal transverse walls in a fixed unchanged angle and fixed to the ceiling. The formed gaps are filled with sealant (see RF patent 2185485 C1, IPC ⁷ E04 82/02, July 20, 2002).

The disadvantages of this method are the increased complexity of the construction of walls, additional heat loss through a reinforced concrete frame and metal ties. The disadvantages include the need to seal the outer wall. This method can only be used in the case of construction of buildings with a supporting frame.

A known method of erecting a multilayer wall of a building, including installing separated by an air layer of the outer and inner walls, connecting them together and placing insulation between them. According to the known method, an external hinged (non-supporting) wall in the form of a reinforced concrete rectangular panel is hung over the entire facade of the building with mounting hooks on the eyes mounted on the supporting structures of the building, then the inner wall is erected from lightweight masonry using small pieces of materials (blocks or bricks) and as masonry is completed, the space between the inner and outer walls is filled with insulation (see RF patent No. 2282697, IPC EV 2/26 (2006.01), 2006).

The disadvantage of this solution is the increased complexity, in addition, this method can only be used in the case of construction of buildings with a supporting frame. The disadvantages include the presence of metal hooks and eyes, which during the operation of the building play the role of “cold bridges”, which worsens the efficiency of thermal insulation, and also leads to the gradual destruction of these elements under the influence of rust, and, accordingly, to a decrease in the safety of operation of the building over time. In addition, the disadvantage is the need to seal the outer wall and the deterioration of the architectural appearance of the building due to the large number of horizontal and vertical joints.

A known modular construction method and installation system using selectively oriented modules having a rectangular, tubular structure. A pair of opposite walls of each module has open openings to which adjacent units can be attached, located at right angles to each other. The open end of one module is adjacent to the wall of the adjacent module, the external openings in the resulting building are closed in separate units (see UK patent No. 1393790, IPC ⁷ EV 1/348, 1975).

The disadvantages of this solution are the insufficient heat and noise insulation of the constructed building, as well as the lack of technology for additional insulation and improve the appearance of the building facades. The disadvantages include the need to seal the walls.

The problem solved by the invention is to simplify the technology of building multilayer walls of buildings, increase noise and heat insulation properties by reducing heat loss and eliminating cold bridges at the joints of internal and external structures. It also solves the problem of improving the appearance of buildings by eliminating external horizontal and partially vertical seams of the outer panels.

The problem is solved due to the fact that a method has been developed for erecting multilayer walls of a building, which consists in laying on the foundation along the axes of the building a belt of tying foundation beams and their integral connection with each other, assembling from the finished panels internal modules that fully comply with planning decisions, which are then subsequently installed on the foundation, they are inseparably interconnected and monolithic with concrete, sequentially collecting each of the floors and receiving an internal supporting structure then, on the belt of the tie-down foundation beams, self-supporting external insulated panels are installed to the building height, which are fixed to the embedded parts of the foundation beams and the last floor of the internal structure, after which, on the ceiling of the building, they lay the belt of the tie-up parapet beams connected to the external warmed panels, and the window openings are sealed by installing insulated window sills.

Wall panels of internal modules and self-supporting external insulated panels are made of two-layer plates with a concrete layer having stiffeners, the cavities between which are filled with a layer of insulation, while the inner surface of the module and the outer surface of the outer panel are made of concrete.

Self-supporting outer panels are installed so that the seams of the inner modules do not coincide with the seams of the outer panels, and the stiffeners of the outer panels are located opposite the insulation zone of the indoor module.

Indoor modules are made in the form of direct prisms with an open bottom plane and with window and door openings organized in the walls in accordance with the planning decision.

Self-supporting insulated outer panels adjacent to the corners of the building are fixed additionally with the use of mortgages in places of floors.

The technical result from the use of all the essential features of the invention is to simplify the technology of building multilayer walls of buildings, increase noise and heat insulation properties by reducing losses and eliminating cold bridges at the joints of the internal structure and external self-supporting panels, improving sealing by eliminating horizontal joints of the self-supporting external panels.

The implementation of the internal supporting structure by assembling internal modules from finished panels that are fully consistent with the planning decisions, which are then successively installed on the foundation, are inseparably interconnected and monolithic with concrete, successively assembling each floor, simplifying the building technology of the building, while increasing noise and heat-insulating properties of the internal space of the building due to the implementation of the two-layer internal walls with facing each other will insulate Lem, as well as by eliminating thermal bridges.

The installation of self-supporting external insulated panels on the belt of tie-in foundation beams located to the entire height of the building and fixed to embedded parts of the foundation beams and the last floor of the internal structure also simplifies the construction technology of multilayer walls, while improving the noise and heat insulation qualities of the building by reducing heat loss and the exclusion of a large number of cold bridges, as well as due to the lack of external horizontal joints and a decrease in the number of vertical joints.

Laying on the ceiling of the building a belt of tying parapet beams connected to the external insulated panels, and sealing the window openings by installing insulated panels identical to the outer panels between the internal structure and the external panels, additionally increase the noise and heat insulation properties by reducing heat loss.

In addition, the appearance of the building and its architectural properties are greatly improved.

Figure 1 - General view of the building before fixing the outer panels.

Figure 2 - General view of the completed construction of the building.

Figure 3 is an internal module.

Figure 4 - assembly of the internal structure.

Figure 5 - section bB of figure 3.

Fig.6 is a fragment of a section aa of Fig.2.

The method is as follows.

A belt of tying foundation beams 2 is laid on the previously prepared foundation 1 along the axes of the building. The beams 2 are fastened together by embedded parts with electric welding, the joints between them are monolithic with concrete.

From the finished panels 3, comprising four walls (from 3-1 to 3-4) and overlapping 3-5, indoor modules 4 are assembled (see Fig. 3), which fully correspond to the planning decisions. The panels 3 in the module are interconnected, for example, by means of electric welding on embedded parts. The assembly of modules 4 is carried out in the conductor 5 (see figure 4) in the order of their installation in the building, according to the planning decisions.

The indoor modules 4 are made in the form of direct prisms with an open bottom plane; in addition, one of the sides of the module can be open. If necessary, ready-made panels 3 with window and door openings arranged in the walls in accordance with the planning decision are used in the modules.

After assembly, each of the prepared modules 4 is moved by a crane and mounted on a foundation 1 (see Fig. 4). The assembled modules 4 are installed in accordance with the layout and interconnected: the joints between the modules 4 are boiled by embedded parts and monolithic with concrete. By this principle, the entire floor is assembled. The subsequent floors of the building are then sequentially assembled, connecting the modules to each other, as described above, and obtaining the internal load-bearing structure 6 of the building. The above example describes the construction of, for example, a three-story house.

Wall panels 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4 of the internal modules and self-supporting external insulated panels 7 are made of two-layer plates with a concrete layer 8 having stiffeners 9, the cavities between which are filled with a layer of insulation 10 (see Fig. .5). In this case, the width of the stiffening rib 9 is 4–5 times smaller than the width of the insulation 10. The modules 4 of the internal supporting structure 6 of the building are assembled so that the wall panel 3-1 of the module faces the self-supporting outer panel 7 with a layer of insulation. The inner surface of each panel 3 of the module 4 and the outer surface of the outer self-supporting panel 7 are made of concrete (see Fig.6).

Upon completion of the assembly of the last floor on the foundation beams 2 are mounted and fixed self-supporting external insulated panels 7, made to the height of the building. Electric welding panels 7 are mounted on embedded parts of the foundation beams 2 and the last floor of the internal structure 6. Between the panels 7, external window sills 11 insulated panels are mounted by means of electric welding on embedded parts. Self-supporting insulated outer panels 7, adjacent to the corners of the building, are fixed in addition to mortgages in places of floors. After fastening, the joints are sealed and closed with strips. Self-supporting outer panels 7 are installed so that the seams of the inner modules do not coincide with the seams of the outer panels, and the stiffening ribs 9 of the outer panels are located opposite the insulation zone 10 of the inner module 4.

Then, along the floor of the building, a belt of tying parapet beams 12 is laid. The beams 12 are fastened by electric welding with each other and with self-supporting external insulated panels 7, as well as with the upper outer window sill of the building 11.

Insulated roofing slabs are laid on the walls of the attic floor. Next, the installation of the roof.

With a pitched roof, the installation of gable roof beams is carried out, taking into account slopes. Then mounted insulated roofing slabs. The last installation of the roof.

The height of the self-supporting external insulated panels 7 is selected from the calculation:

H = nh + 2a,

where h is the height of one floor, n is the number of floors, a is the height of the foundation from the horizon to the lower edge of the internal module of the first floor, equal to the height of the parapet.

As a result of the use of self-supporting external insulated panels 7 and window sills 11 insulated panels, all horizontal and vertical seams of the internal structure 6 are closed, which provides additional sealing, increasing the noise and heat insulation of the building. Performing only vertical joints along the facade reduces material consumption and improves the aesthetic appearance of the building. In addition, due to the fact that the outer surface 13 of the wall panels 3 of the modules 4 is made of insulation 10, as well as the inner surface 7-2, 11-2 of the external self-supporting insulated panels 7, 11 is made of insulation, an insulation layer with an air gap 14 is formed providing moisture evaporation.

As a result of using the method, we obtain a complex concrete solid-outline structure of the building.

The advantages of the method are:

- elimination of the possibility of additional stresses with changes in the temperature of the outside air;

- providing conditions for the construction of the building at any time of the year;

- increase noise and heat insulation properties by reducing heat loss and eliminating cold bridges at the joints of the internal structure;

- improving the appearance of buildings by eliminating external horizontal joints;

- reducing the number of cold bridges at the junction of the external insulated panels with the internal structure, by reducing the number of these connection points.

Claims (5)

1. The method of erecting a multi-layer wall of a building, which consists in laying on the foundation along the axes of the building a belt of binding base beams and their integral connection with each other, assembly of finished panels of internal modules that are fully consistent with the planning decisions, which are then subsequently installed on the foundation, are interconnected and monolithic with concrete, sequentially collecting each of the floors and receiving the internal structural support of the building, then on the belt of binding foundation beams installed with monesuschie external insulation panels on the height of the building, which is fixed to the mortgage details of foundation beams and the last floor of the internal structural elements, and then to cut off the building placed girdeth parapet beams, connected with self-supporting external insulation panels and window openings are sealed by installing insulated parapet panels. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall panels of the internal modules and self-supporting external insulated panels are made of two-layer plates with a concrete layer having stiffeners, the cavities between which are filled with a layer of insulation, while the inner surface of the module and the outer surface of the outer panel made of concrete. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-supporting outer panels are installed so that the seams of the inner modules do not coincide with the seams of the outer panels, and the ribs of the outer panels are located opposite the insulation zone of the indoor module. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal modules are made in the form of direct prisms with an open bottom plane and with window and door openings organized in the walls in accordance with the planning decision. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-supporting insulated outer panels adjacent to the corners of the building are additionally fixed with the use of mortgages in places of floors.

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