RU2457238C1 - Universal engine fuel modifier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: universal gasoline modifier contains amyl acetic ester and glyoxal in solid phase, with the following ratio of components in wt %: amyl acetate 99.5-99.9; glyoxal 0.1-0.5.

EFFECT: high octane number of the fuel; high engine power; reduced emission of carbon dioxide with exhaust gases; reduced fuel consumption; improved detergent properties of the fuel.

1 cl, 2 ex, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of petrochemistry and the automotive industry, and in particular to the composition of a multifunctional additive, which simultaneously reduces harmful emissions with exhaust gases, increases the detonation resistance of gasoline, improves washing properties, and stabilizes gasoline during storage.

Known multifunctional additive to automotive fuel (RF patent 2349629, C10L 1/18, publ. 20.03.2009), which contains in vol.%: Methanol or ethanol 28.6-55.5, the alcohol fraction of caprolactam 33.3-57, 1, propylene oxide 1.1-13.8. The technical result of the known invention is the simultaneous reduction of harmful emissions with exhaust gases, an increase in the detonation resistance of gasoline, an improvement in washing properties, as well as stabilization of gasoline during storage.

The disadvantages of the known invention is high toxicity and a sharp unpleasant odor.

Known ashless high-octane additive to motor gasolines (RF patent 2337129, C10L 1/18, publ. 27.10.2008). The invention relates to the composition of gasolines, namely to ashless high-octane additive intended for use in motor gasolines. To create an ash-free additive to motor gasolines with high antiknock efficiency, as well as high operational and, most importantly, environmental properties, which fully complies with Euro-3 and Euro-4 standards, the ash-free high-octane additive to motor gasolines contains N-methylaniline, N, N- dimethylaniline, oxygenate, includes tertiary butyl alcohol, and the detergent additive Avtomag or Keropur 3430N. Moreover, it additionally contains a stabilizing additive in the form of aliphatic alcohols or an ether-aldehyde fraction, and oxygenate in the form of ethyl alcohol and ethyl tert-butyl ether in the following ratio of components, wt.%: N-methylaniline 70-10, N, N-dimethylaniline 0.5-4, tertiary butyl alcohol 15-0.5, ethyl alcohol 0.5-30.0, detergent 1.5-5.0, stabilizing additive 2.5-0.5, ethyl tert-butyl ether 10.0-50.0.

A disadvantage of the known invention is the low storage stability and the complex composition of the additive.

Known high-octane additive to motor gasolines (RF patent 2235117, C10L 1/18, publ. 08/27/2004), selected as a prototype. The invention relates to compositions of additives for gasoline. The additive contains 5-30% C2-C5 aliphatic alcohols or mixtures thereof, 0.1-10% amyl acetate and / or isoamyl acetate, 0.3-20% methanol, 0.5-6% detergent based on the reaction product of distilled tall oils and diethanolamine, taken in an acid: amine molar ratio of 3: 1, not more than 1.0% ferrocene and up to 100 N-methylaniline. The additive is intended for use in motor gasolines in a concentration of up to 2 wt.%. The additive has a high level of operational and environmental properties, including detergent properties in the fuel supply system, and also has a lower tendency to gum formation.

A disadvantage of the known additives is the separation of gasoline during storage (separation of alcohols) and a complex composition.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a unified modifier for gasoline, in order to increase the octane number of fuel, increase engine power, reduce the content of carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust gases of the engine, increase engine life.

The problem is solved in that the unified modifier for gasoline contains amyl ester of acetic acid, but unlike the prototype, glyoxal in the solid phase is additionally introduced into the composition as an environmental component in the following ratio, wt.%:

amyl acetate 99.5-99.9

glyoxal 0.1-0.5

After the process of obtaining amyl esters of acetic acid and cooling them to 40-45 ° C, anhydrous glyoxal is gradually added to the reactor with the stirrer operating and stirred for 40-60 minutes until it is completely dissolved.

Examples of specific embodiments of the invention are given below.

Example 1

Amyl ester of acetic acid in an amount of 99.5 wt.% Is taken into the reactor. Then turn on the stirrer, feed steam into the jacket of the reactor and heat the contents to a temperature of 40-45 ° C. Then, through the loading hatch, finely crystalline glyoxal in an amount of 0.5 wt.% Is added to the reactor. When the stirrer is operating and a constant temperature (40-45 ° С), glyoxal dissolves within 40-60 minutes, after which the steam supply to the reactor jacket is stopped, recycled water is fed there and the product is cooled to 25-30 ° С. The cooled product is poured from the reactor into the tank of commercial products.

Example 2

Amyl ester of acetic acid in an amount of 99.9 wt.% Is taken into the reactor. Then turn on the stirrer, feed steam into the jacket of the reactor and heat the contents to a temperature of 40-45 ° C. Then, through the loading hatch, finely crystalline glyoxal in the amount of 0.1 wt.% Is added to the reactor. When the stirrer is operating and a constant temperature (40-45 ° С), glyoxal dissolves within 40-60 minutes, after which the steam supply to the reactor jacket is stopped, recycled water is fed there and the product is cooled to 25-30 ° С. The cooled product is poured from the reactor into the tank of commercial products.

An advantage of the present invention is that the claimed invention improves the following characteristics of gasolines:

- the main physical and chemical indicators of the quality of gasoline when adding a unified modifier in an amount of from 2.0 to 4.0% do not undergo deterioration. At the same time, there is a significant increase in the detonation resistance of modified gasoline samples, which amounted to 4% (vol.) Additives:

a) according to the research method:

- for straight-run gasoline (hydrocarbon feed) - 3.0 units. Eyes

- for marketable gasoline Normal-80 - 5.7 units. Eyes

b) by the motor method:

- for straight-run gasoline (hydrocarbon feed) - 2.5 units. Ohm

The effective power determined during bench tests of the Moskvich-412 engine at a crankshaft speed of 3000 min ^-1 after switching its work to modified Normal-80 gasoline increased:

- at 2% additive UMMT-10 with 42.00 hp up to 44.8 hp or 6.25%;

- at 3% additive ... up to 48.3 hp or 13.04%;

- at 4% additive ... up to 49.0 hp or 14.28%.

The specific fuel consumption of the Moskvich-412 engine running on Normal-80 modified motor gasoline in bench tests decreased:

- at 2% concentration of the UMMT-10 additive by 5.52% (vol.);

- at 3% concentration of the additive ... by 8.10% (vol.);

- at 4% additive concentration ... by 11.31% (vol.).

The content of CO and CH in the exhaust gases of UA3-3152 and “TOYOTA CARINA” cars operating on modified UMMT-10 automobile gasoline Normal-80 and Regular-92-EURO decreases on average two or more times;

- use additives in the production of environmentally friendly gasolines that meet Euro-4, Euro-5 standards, because according to the requirements of the technical regulation “On requirements for automobile and aviation gasoline, diesel and marine fuel, jet engine fuel and heating oil” (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 118 of 02.27.2008), the addition of ethers to motor gasolines is allowed up to 10%. This is confirmed by a decrease in CO content in exhaust gases and a decrease in fuel consumption (see Table 2);

- improvement of the washing properties of the fuel. The use of the additive leads to the washing out of the previously formed layered deposits in the fuel supply equipment of the vehicle, which is confirmed by visual inspection of engine parts (carburetor, spark plugs, cylinder block) before and after application of the additive;

- reduction in fuel consumption,

- increase engine power,

- reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust gases of the engine (Table 3).

The unified modifier in accordance with physicochemical parameters complies with the requirements specified in table 1. Table 2 shows the test results on a bench engine with different concentrations of UMMT-10 (n dv - engine speed; P - engine load; Me - effective torque; Ne - effective power; Gt - hourly fuel consumption; g _e - specific effective fuel consumption).

Table 1 Physico-chemical characteristics of the modifier Name of indicator Norm Color Colorless liquid Smell Pungent fruit smell Density at 20 ° C 0.91-0.93 kg / l

table 2 Test results on a bench engine with various concentrations of UMMT-10 External speed characteristic of ICE Test parameters obtained on the source gasoline Normal-80 n rpm R kg Me, Nm Ne, l.c. Gt kg / h g _e , g / hp · h Fuel economy, % Average fuel economy,% 2000 12.1 86.66 24.20 6.65 275.00 - 0 2500 12.7 90.96 31.75 9.39 295.78 - 3000 13.0 93.11 39.00 10.49 269.03 - 3500 12.0 85.94 42.00 13.22 314.79 - Also on modified Normal-80 gasoline with 2% (vol.) Additives UMMT-10 n rpm R kg Me, Nm Ne hp Gt kg / h g _e , g / hp · h Fuel economy, % Average fuel economy,% 2000 13.0 93.11 26.0 6.65 255.96 6.92 5.52 2500 13,2 94.54 33.0 9.39 284.58 3.79 3000 13.7 98.12 41.1 10.49 255.28 5.11 3500 12.8 91.67 44.8 13.22 295.11 6.25 Also on modified Normal-80 gasoline with 3% (vol.) Additives UMMT-10 n rpm R kg Me, Nm Ne hp Gt kg / h g _e , g / hp · h Fuel economy, % Average fuel economy,% 2000 13.0 93.11 26.00 6.65 255.96 6.92 8.10 2500 13.5 96.69 33.75 9.39 278.25 5.93 3000 14.0 100.27 42.00 10.49 249.81 6.50 3500 13.8 98.84 48.30 13.22 273.73 13.04 Also on modified Normal-80 gasoline with 4% (vol.) Additives UMMT-10 n rpm R kg Me, Nm Ne hp Gt kg / h g _e , g / hp · h Fuel economy, % Average fuel economy,% 2000 13,2 94.54 26,4 6.65 252.08 8.33 11.31 2500 14.0 100.27 35.0 9.39 268.31 9.29 3000 15.0 107.43 45.0 10.49 233.16 13.33 3500 14.0 100.27 49.0 13.22 269.82 14.28

Claims (1)

The unified modifier for gasoline, containing amyl ester of acetic acid, characterized in that glyoxal in the solid phase is additionally introduced into the composition as an environmental component in the following ratio, wt.%:
amyl acetate 99.5-99.9 glyoxal 0.1-0.5