RU2455071C1 - Jaw crusher for crushing of flags - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining and may be used in, for example, production of gravel. Portion of minerals feature the shape of flags that causes notable consumption of electric power for crushing. Jaw crusher has flywheel, fixed and moving jaws. Moving jaw suspension axle is located at crusher lower section at the height making 1/3 of jaw length. Crusher is equipped with eccentric drive, con-rod, V-belt transmission, parts for fastening con-rod to moving jaw and flywheel. Fixed jaw has hemispheric recesses made on its entire width and hemispheric ledges arranged opposite the latter on moving jaw. Ledges feature radius making 0.8 of recess radius and are directed aligned into centers of recesses.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, power saving.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining, processing and enrichment of minerals and can be used in the mining and construction industries, for example in the production of crushed stone.

A significant part of the ores and natural stone are in the form of limestone (slabs), which are crushed in cone, rotor and hammer crushers. But cone crushers become unsuitable for crushing hard rocks with a coefficient of strength of more than 15 on the Protodyakonov scale, since they cannot provide sufficient crushing pressure. Rotor and hammer crushers are also not effective in crushing hard rocks, as the impact force of the hammers is insufficient to destroy pieces of material.

The greatest crushing pressure compared to other crushers are jaw crushers, as a result of which they crush material of any strength.

But classical jaw crushers with straight profiles of crushing cheeks have low efficiency when crushing limestone, since a large number of large but thin plates fall through the discharge gap.

Moreover, at the time of crushing by the crushing method, flat pieces of the starting material with their surfaces are installed parallel to the surfaces of the crushing cheeks over their entire width. And from the practice of crushing it is known that the greatest resistance to rocks is precisely crushing. Therefore, in order to break up flat pieces of the source material (limestone), a large amount of energy must be spent.

At the same time, it is known that the resistance of rocks is many times reduced if physical efforts are applied to the crushed material according to the principle of material bending.

Therefore, for efficient crushing in jaw crushers of rocks having the shape of a flagstone (plows), it is necessary to change the configuration of the crushing cheeks so that the flat pieces compressed by the crushing cheeks are bent. Most constructively this can be done if a recess is made on the inner surface of one of the cheeks and a protrusion is made in the same direction on the other. It is on this principle that cone crushers work, in which the inner crushing cone is a protrusion, and the outer cone is a recess. But since jaw crushers develop significantly greater crushing pressure compared to cone crushers, the efficiency of crushing limestone in jaw crushers will be an order of magnitude higher.

The goal is achieved by changing the configuration of the crushing cheeks, namely, both parts of the fixed cheek in the center along its entire width have hemispherical recesses, and the moving cheek, on the contrary, in the center of both parts along the entire width has protrusions located coaxially opposite the recesses.

In addition, the crusher must have a high degree of crushing.

Known jaw crusher double crushing, having a high degree of crushing (RF Patent No. 2347616, publ. 02/27/2009, bull. No. 6), but it is not suitable for crushing limestone (plate), because it has a direct inner surface of the crushing cheeks, which requires consumption a large amount of electricity. This crusher is taken as a prototype.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1 and 2.

The jaw crusher for crushing limestone consists of a fixed cheek 1, a movable cheek 2, a bed 3, a flywheel 4, a connecting rod 5, an electric motor 6, a V-belt transmission 7, a suspension axis of the movable cheek 8, and the connecting rod mounting parts 12. To prevent clutter of the drawings, the side walls of the bed not shown.

According to the prototype, the suspension axis of the movable cheek rests on the side walls of the bed and is installed in the lower part of the crusher at a height equal to 1/3 of the length of the cheek. The fixed cheek is fixed vertically in the bed. Both crushing cheeks in the lower part of the crusher have a bend at an angle of 45 ° from the vertical axis towards the stationary cheek. The installation of the suspension axis 8 of the movable cheek in the lower part of the crusher forms two crushing chambers - the upper 9 and the lower 10. During the operation of the crusher, large crushing occurs in the upper chamber, and small crushing in the lower one.

Crusher works as follows.

The source material is fed through the feed opening into the upper part of the crusher into the coarse crushing chamber.

The movable cheek 2 is set in motion, receiving force from the eccentric mechanism, which includes the flywheel 4 and the connecting rod 5. The flywheel receives rotational movement from the electric motor 6 through the V-belt drive 7. When the flywheel 4 is rotated counterclockwise (as shown in the drawing), the pusher 5 will begin to press on the upper part of the movable cheek 2. Under the action of the pressure force of the pusher, the upper part of the movable cheek will begin to approach the stationary cheek, while doing the job of crushing the material in the upper chamber (Fig. 1).

At the same time, the lower end of the movable cheek is maximally removed from the stationary cheek, i.e. in the lower chamber will be the unloading of crushed material (figure 2). When the connecting rod 5, while continuing to rotate the flywheel, begins to pull the upper end of the movable cheek away from the stationary one, maximally opening the loading hole, the maximal approach of the cheeks will occur in the lower chamber, as a result of which the material in the lower chamber will be crushed.

Thus, the crushing process in the crusher occurs continuously, alternately, either in the upper or in the lower chamber, providing a high degree of crushing.

Figure 1 shows the time of loading of the starting material into the upper chamber and the working stroke (crushing process) in the lower chamber. Figure 2 shows the moment of crushing of material in the upper chamber and unloading of crushed material from the lower chamber.

To ensure crushing of limestone, the inner surfaces of crushing cheeks in the upper and lower chambers have hemispherical surfaces.

The fixed cheek has hemispherical recesses in the upper and lower chamber along the entire width of the cheek. And the movable cheek, on the contrary, in both chambers has hemispherical protrusions directed coaxially to the centers of the recesses.

Thus, a flat plate, once inside the crusher cavity, is installed opposite the recess in the jaw crusher and rests with its edges on the edges of the recess, and a void is formed behind the plate (Fig. 1).

When the moving cheek approaches the stationary one, it presses on the plate, subjecting it to bending. And when bending, the resistance of the plate is many times lower than when crushing, therefore, the crushing of the material will occur efficiently with the cost of a significantly smaller amount of electricity.

Research on a laboratory crusher found that crushing efficiency increases if the radius of the protrusion of the movable cheek is less than the radius of the recess in the fixed cheek and is approximately 0.8 radius of the recess.

The indicated difference between the radii of the recess and the protrusions of the crushing cheeks eliminates the spherical parallelism of their surfaces, and therefore provides a more effective bending and destruction of the material.

A further decrease in the radius of the protrusion is impractical, since the angle of capture of the material decreases sharply and it can pop up from the inner cavity of the crusher.

An increase in the radius of the protrusion of more than 0.8 of the radius of the recess is also impractical, since the surfaces approach spherical parallelism and the bending efficiency decreases, which leads to an increase in the resistance of the material to crushing.

It is possible that medium-sized flat pieces of the starting material will slip through the lower discharge gap. To avoid this, both cheeks below the suspension axis of the movable cheek also have corresponding protrusions and recesses.

Despite the fact that the proposed crusher is intended mainly for crushing limestone, it can successfully crush raw material having any shape of pieces, similar to a cone crusher.

Thus, the proposed crusher combines the most valuable properties of jaw and cone crushers. Namely, jaw crushers are capable of developing higher crushing pressure, and cone crushers crush large pieces using the principle of bending.

The combination of these properties in the proposed crusher allows you to create a universal jaw crusher with a high degree of crushing, capable of crushing material of almost any hardness and shape with a reduced power consumption.

Claims (1)

A jaw crusher having a bed, a flywheel, a movable and a fixed cheek, an axis of suspension of the movable cheek, mounted in the lower half of the crusher at a height of 1/3 of the length of the cheek, an eccentric drive, a connecting rod, a V-belt drive, parts for attaching the connecting rod to the movable cheek and to the flywheel, characterized the fact that the fixed cheek has hemispherical recesses over the entire width, opposite which hemispherical protrusions are installed on the movable cheek with a radius equal to 0.8 of the radius of the recesses, directed coaxially to the centers of the recesses, which allows l crushing of flat material by the method of bending, providing high efficiency and degree of crushing with reduced energy consumption.

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