RU2451132C1 - Fish pass for high-head water development - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: fish pass for high-head water development is installed in a water development dam site. The fish pass is arranged in the form of an open staged, inclined or inclined-staged overflow tray 1 of a fish bypass channel, connecting upper and lower water development reaches. Inside the water overflow tray 1 of the fish bypass channel the vertical transverse partitions 2 and 3 are installed with swim-in holes 4 and 5 accordingly. Transverse partitions 2 form fish pass chambers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 between each other. Transverse partitions 3 with swim-in holes 5 are framed with flow-forming aprons 12, where systems of jet-forming nozzles 14 are installed under their coverages in galleries 13. At the same time systems of jet-forming nozzles 14 are directed towards the above fish pass chamber and are installed at the angle or in parallel to the axis of the swim-in hole 5. Pairs of near transverse partitions, where in one above transverse partition 3, included into this pair, the swim-in hole 5 is equipped with a system of jet-forming nozzles 14, and on the other below transverse partition 2 from the same pair the swim-in hole 4 without a system of jet-forming nozzles 14, there are fish pass reservoirs created for recreation 15. Fish pass reservoirs for recreation 15 divide the fish pass into sections. Fish pass sections may comprises an identical number of fish pass chambers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11. Besides, fish pass sections may comprise different numbers of fish pass chambers, moreover, the quantity of chambers in the fish pass section regularly reduces towards the upper reach. Besides, the fish pass sections may form one fish pass flight, creating a single-flight fish pass. Besides, the fish pass sections may form several opposite fish pass flights, creating a multiple-flight fish pass.

EFFECT: improved conditions for attraction of fish into a fish pass and considerable increase in efficiency of its passage from the lower reach of a high-head water development to areas of spawning.

7 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to structures designed to attract and transfer fish producers through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known trough fish passage [1, p.24, Fig. 1], which is a culvert, at the bottom of which there are devices for damping the speed of water. In addition, a ladder fish passage is known [1, p.25, Fig. 3], which has a stepped tray and consists of separate fish passage chambers that are separated from each other by transverse partitions with inlet openings. The main disadvantage of the above designs of fish passages is that the speed of movement of water in the fish pass path is close to the critical swimming speed of fish. The average speed of fish in fish passage of these types is 300–800 times lower than in a free river. For this reason, these designs of fish passages are used only at low-pressure hydroelectric facilities. For medium- and high-pressure dams, a fish passage of similar structures several kilometers in length would have to be built. And this is thousands of cubic meters. meters of concrete and soil, and the effect will be insignificant, perhaps only a few units of fish will go this way.

In addition, there is a fish passage for attracting and passing fish from the lower pool of the hydraulic system to the upper pool [2], made in the form of a stepped or inclined tray or channel with a longitudinal slope towards the lower pool, containing transverse vertical dividing walls that divide the fish passage into chambers, with swimming holes located in them, along the perimeter of which there are jet-forming nozzles and which are equipped with protective visors in such a way that the nozzles are inside the outlet formed by the visors the bottom of the inlet opening and are parallel to the plane of the shielding wall of the adjacent barrier visor, in addition, the jet-forming nozzles are in communication with the supply piping or distribution manifolds made inside the transverse dividing walls, in addition, a part of the fish passage chambers from the downstream side are connected to the upper downstream via a pressure bypass a pipeline connected to systems of jet-forming nozzles, moreover, fish passage chambers equipped with pressure bypass pipelines or channels connecting the nozzle system with the upper pool, connected to the lower pool of the hydraulic system through the outlet pipes or channels. This design of the fish passage, although suitable for use on high-pressure waterworks, is technically complex.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of fish passage when using the designs of classic fish passage at high-pressure hydroelectric facilities.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the length of the fish passage and creating optimal conditions for the passage of fish through the fish passage.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1 of the claims. The implementation of some transverse partitions of the fish passage with swimming holes framed by flow-forming aprons, where under their cover in the galleries place systems of jet-forming nozzles, which are directed to the side above the located fish passage channel, will allow you to get fish passage pools for relaxation, which divide the fish passage into sections. The pool of the fish pass for recreation consists of a pair of adjacent transverse partitions, where one, above the located transverse partition included in this pair, the inlet hole is equipped with a system of jet-forming nozzles, and on the other, lower located, transverse partition from the same pair, the inlet hole without jet nozzle systems. Thanks to this combination of transverse partitions of different designs, the specified hydraulic conditions, which are characteristic of a free river, are obtained in the pool of the fish passage for rest. In addition, the fish passage pools for recreation will also allow you to adjust the speed of the attracting stream along the length of all sections of the fish passage and significantly reduce the required length of the fish passage, which will ultimately allow the use of classic fish passage designs at medium and high pressure waterworks, while ensuring high efficiency of the fish pass.

According to claim 2 of the claims. The implementation of the sections of the fish passage from the same number of chambers of the fish passage will allow the formation of the same hydraulic conditions along the length of the fish passage, and will also make it possible to greatly simplify the design of the fish passage and control its operation. Indeed, in this case, the fish passage can include the minimum necessary number of swimming pools for the fish passage to rest, and therefore the minimum number of pressure pipelines supplying the jet nozzle systems.

According to claim 3 of the claims. The implementation of the sections of the fish passage from a different number of chambers of the fish passage will allow the formation of various hydraulic conditions along the length of the fish passage. The systematic decrease in the number of chambers in the fish passage section towards the upper pool will allow creating more favorable conditions for fish producers as they move up the fish passage taking into account the costs and the rest of their physical strength.

According to claim 4 of the claims. Formation of one march of the fish passage from sections of the fish passage will allow to obtain a single-march fish passage of sufficient length, ensuring the placement of the inlet tip of the fish passage outside the zone of influence of the spillway dam of the hydraulic system.

According to claim 5, the claims. The formation of sections of the fish passage several oppositely directed marches of the fish passage will allow to obtain a multi-march fish passage, ensuring the placement of the input tip of the fish passage near the spillway dam of the hydroelectric complex. Also, due to this arrangement of the fish passage marches in the pools of the fish passage for recreation, hydraulic conditions without pronounced rapid currents are created in comparison with the fish passage according to claim 4 of the invention, contributing to a more efficient rest of migratory fish.

According to claim 6, claims. The location of the marches of the same direction of the multi-march fish passage under each other in a downward spiral line will allow to obtain the construction of the fish passage in the form of a rectangular column. This design of the fish passage is compact, significantly saves materials, and it can be placed in any part of the site of the spillway dam of the waterworks.

According to claim 7 of the claims. The location of the marshes of the multi-march fish passage along the descending sinusoidal line will make it possible to obtain the design of the zigzag fish passage. This design of the fish passage compared to the fish passage according to claim 6 of the claims provides more uniform illumination of the fish passage path of all marches of the fish passage.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of the fish passage for high-pressure hydroelectric complex. Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - diagram of a single-march fish passage in the context of a vertical plane;

figure 2 is the same, in plan view;

figure 3 is a diagram of a multi-march fish passage in the context of a vertical plane;

figure 4 - the same, in plan view, the marches of the fish passage of one direction are located one below the other in a downward spiral line;

5 is the same, the marches of the fish passage are located in a descending sinusoidal line;

6 is a diagram of a swimming hole equipped with a system of jet-forming nozzles, in a section by a vertical plane.

Fish passage for high-pressure waterworks (Fig.1-5) is placed in the alignment of the dam of the waterworks and is performed in the form of an open stepped, inclined or inclined-stage overflow channel 1 of the fish passage connecting the upper and lower downstream of the hydraulic system. Inside the spillway tray 1 of the fish passageway, vertical transverse partitions 2, 3 with inlet openings 4, 5 are installed. The transverse partitions 2 form the chambers of the fish passage 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. At the transverse partitions 3, the inlet holes 5 are framed by a flow-forming apron 12, where under its cover in the galleries 13 place a system of jet-forming nozzles 14, which are directed to the side above the chamber of the fish passage and positioned at an angle or parallel to the axis of the inlet opening 5 (Fig.6). A pair of adjacent transverse partitions, where at one higher transverse partition 3 included in this pair, the inlet hole 5 is equipped with a system of jet-forming nozzles 14, and on the other lower transverse partition 2 of the same pair, the inlet hole 4 is without a system jet-forming nozzles 14, form the pools of the fish passage for rest 15. The pools of the fish passage for rest 15 divide the fish passage into sections: 6 - chambers of the first or upper section of the fish passage; 7 - chambers of the second section of the fish passage; 8 - chambers of the third section of the fish passage; 9 - chambers of the fourth section of the fish passage; 10 - chambers of the penultimate section of the fish passage; 11 - cameras of the last or lower section of the fish passage (Fig.1-5).

In addition, the sections of the fish passage can consist of the same number of chambers of the fish passage 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 (Figs. 3-5).

In addition, the sections of the fish passage can consist of a different number of chambers of the fish passage, and the number of chambers in the section of the fish passage is steadily decreasing towards the upstream.

In addition, sections of the fish passage can form one march of the fish passage, forming a single-march fish passage (Figs. 1, 2).

In addition, sections of the fish passage can form several oppositely directed marches of the fish passage, forming a multi-flight fish passage (Figs. 3-5).

Fish passage for high-pressure hydraulic works as follows.

In the system of jet-forming nozzles 14 of the transverse baffles 3 of the fish passage for a high-pressure hydraulic unit, a working fluid (water) is supplied via bypass pressure pipelines 16 through distributing manifolds 17 (Figs. 1, 3, 6). When water flows through these nozzles 14, rows of parallel hydraulic jets 18 are formed, which, interacting with each other, contribute to the formation of “partially equal pressure” zones 19 in front of the inlet holes 11 (Fig. 6). Thanks to the creation of zones of "partially equal pressures" 19 they maintain the specified hydraulic conditions in the pools of the fish passage for rest 15, which contribute to a beneficial rest for the fish moving along the fish passage. Also, the presence of zones of "partially equal pressures" 19 ensures the maintenance of the optimal speed of the attracting stream 20 along the entire length of the fish passage regardless of fluctuations in the head of the hydroelectric system. The speed of the attracting stream 20, depending on the type of fish moving along the fish passage or the magnitude of the change in the levels of the water system head-ends, is controlled by valves 21 installed on the bypass pressure pipelines 16, due to a change in the flow rate of water supplied to the jet-forming nozzle systems 14. In addition, the “partially of equal pressures ”19 will allow the fish, when leaving the pools of the fish passage for rest 15, to overcome a significantly larger local difference compared to local differences on the transverse partitions of 2 sections of fish walkway, thereby significantly reducing the required length of the fish passage (Fig.1, 3).

The power supply of the jet-forming nozzle systems 14 of the inlet 5 of the uppermost fish passage pool for rest 15 of the single-march fish passage (Fig. 1) and the pair of inlet holes 5 of the upper fish passage channel for rest 15 of the multi-march fish passage (Fig. 3) are organized by supplying water directly from the upper pool of the hydraulic system. To power all subsequent systems of jet-forming nozzles 14 located below the inlet openings 5, water is supplied through the bypass pressure pipelines 16 from the fish passage chambers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, preceding the above located fish passage channels for rest 15 (Figs. 1, 3) . This technical solution ensures the equality of the supplied and withdrawn costs that feed the system of jet-forming nozzles, which ultimately will allow you to organize a successful and efficient operation of the fish passage [2]. In addition, to ensure the equality of the supplied and withdrawn costs, feeding the jet-forming nozzle systems, swimming holes of the 5 lowest transverse baffles 3 of the fish passage, the water supplied with hydraulic jets to the upper located fish passage chambers is discharged through the discharge pipes 22 into the lower pool of the hydraulic unit before entering the fish passage , thereby increasing the attractiveness of the fish passage.

The sections of the fish passage can consist of both the same (Figs. 3-5) and a different number of chambers of the fish passage. The first version of the fish passage is designed for stronger swimmers, the second - less weak. In the second version, as you move up the fish passage, the pressure that the fish overcomes between the pools of the fish passage for rest will decrease, thereby giving the opportunity to rest more often for the fish moving along the fish passage. The fish passage of the section, which consists of the same number of chambers, is more simple and easy to control in comparison with another option.

A single-march fish passage (Figs. 1, 2) is advisable to use on hydropower plants, in the alignment of a spillway dam whose flow rates in the river are greater than critical speeds for the fish attracted to the fish passage. A multi-flight fish passage (Fig.3-4), respectively, it is advisable to apply if the flow velocity in the river near the spillway dam of the hydraulic unit is less than the critical speeds for the fish. In addition, the attracting stream in the pool for relaxing a multi-march fish passage, unlike a single-march fish passage, is not direct-flow. Due to this circumstance, clearly pronounced rapid currents can be avoided in the swimming pools for relaxing the multi-march fish passage without the use of additional technical devices. Ultimately, multi-march fish passage recreational pools will have more plots with minimal flow rates, contributing to a more efficient recreation of migratory fish.

The design of the fish passage in the form of a rectangular column is compact in comparison with the construction of the fish passage in a zigzag shape, and it can be used on hydraulic structures of any layout. But in this case, the upper marches of the fish passage will be obscured by the lower marches of the fish passage, which of course will negatively affect the efficiency of the fish pass.

The choice of this or that design of the proposed fish passage for a high-pressure hydraulic system will depend on the variety and layout of the hydraulic system itself, the modes and schedule of its operation, the types of fish passed through the fish channel and the timing of spawning.

The present invention modernizes the design of the classic fish passage, adapting them for use on high-pressure hydroelectric facilities. The invention also improves the conditions for attracting fish to the fish passage and significantly increases the efficiency of its passage from the lower pool of a high-pressure hydraulic system to spawning sites.

Information sources

1. Building norms and rules: Retaining walls, shipping locks, fish passage and fish protection structures: SNiP 2.06.07-87: Approved. Gos. builds. com USSR 04.14.87: The term of the introduction. into force 01.01.88. - Ed. official - M.: TsITP Gosstroy of the USSR, 1987. - 34 p.

2. Patent 2335600 of the Russian Federation, IPC ⁸ E02B 8/08. The method of attracting and passing fish from the lower pool of the hydroelectric station to the upper pool and fish passage, implementing it / O.G. Vvedensky (RF). - No. 2006143890/03. Declared December 11, 2006. Publ. 10/10/2008. Bull. No. 28. - 12 p.

Claims (7)

1. A fish passage for a high-pressure hydraulic system, made in the form of an open stepped, inclined, or inclined-stage spillway that connects the upper and lower spouts of the waterworks, vertical transverse partitions with inlet openings are installed inside the spillway of the fish passage tract, which form fish passage chambers, some the transverse partitions, the float holes are framed by flow-forming aprons, where under their cover in the galleries place systems of jet-forming nozzles, which sent to the side above the fish passage chamber and placed at an angle or parallel to the axis of the inlet hole, characterized in that the pairs of adjacent transverse partitions, where one of the higher transverse partitions included in this pair, the inlet hole is equipped with a system of jet-forming nozzles, and another lower transverse partition of the same pair of the inlet hole without a system of jet-forming nozzles, form the pools of the fish passage for relaxation, which divide the fish passage into sections. 2. Fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that the fish passage sections consist of the same number of fish passage chambers. 3. Fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that the fish passage sections consist of a different number of fish passage chambers, the number of chambers in the fish passage section gradually decreasing towards the upstream. 4. The fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the fish passage form one march of the fish passage, forming a single-march fish passage. 5. The fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the fish passage form several opposite directions of the fish passage, forming a multi-flight fish passage. 6. The fish passage according to claim 5, characterized in that the marches of a multi-march fish passage of one direction are located one below the other in a downward spiral line, forming a fish passage construction in the form of a rectangular column. 7. The fish passage according to claim 5, characterized in that the marches of the multi-march fish passage are located in a descending sinusoidal line, forming a zigzag-shaped fish passage construction.

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