RU2446134C1 - Emulsion explosive composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to blasting works in mining industry on the Earth's surface with manual and mechanical loading of wells of any degree of water content, and specifically to explosives for hard, medium and soft rock and coal. The emulsion explosive composition contains ammonium nitrate (10-45 wt %) in a gassified inverted emulsion (the rest up to 100), where the gassified inverted emulsion contains the following in wt %: industrial oil 3.0-9.5; emulsifying agent 1.0-3.5; water 13.0-18.0; ammonium nitrate - the rest up to 100; gas-generating additive 0.4-2.5 over 100, wherein the inverted emulsion contains 0.09-6.0 wt % of an additional component which forms metal ions, e.g., sodium chloride, alkali metal salts of animal fatty acids, e.g., sodium stearate or plant fatty acids, e.g., tall oil soap. The emulsion can contain 0.5-2.5 wt % carbamide, and ammonium nitrate particles have average specific surface area of not less than 11900 mm²/g.

EFFECT: composition improves blasting performance owing to more uniform distribution of ammonium nitrate and larger specific surface area of fine ammonium nitrate particles.

4 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of blasting in the mining industry on the earth's surface with manual and mechanized loading of wells of any degree of watering with emulsion explosive (EBM) for hard, medium, weak rocks and coal.

From 1955-1957, explosive mixtures consisting of ammonium nitrate (AS) and diesel fuel (DT) began to be used in the USA, Canada and the USSR. In the simplest explosive mixture (AS-DT), ammonium nitrate is 94%, diesel fuel 6% [1, p. 8]. However, it easily loses its detonation ability under the influence of water and therefore cannot be used in flooded conditions, which are typical for a significant part of blasting operations. The insufficient water resistance of this mixture requires the use of sophisticated methods for drainage of wells. The noted drawbacks of AS-DT mixtures necessitated research aimed at creating waterproof explosive mixtures. As a result, emulsion water-containing explosive mixtures were created [1, p. 9].

The emulsion of poremite 1A (emulsion water-containing explosive mixture, industrial emulsion explosive) consists of ammonium nitrate 64.3 wt.%, Calcium nitrate 15.0 wt.% And water 20.7 wt.% [2, p.166, table 6.35 ]. Sodium nitrite is used as gas-forming agents [2, p. 187].

The gas hazard of pormemit 1A is 40 l / kg [2, p. 185, table 6.48]. To reduce gas hazard by approaching the oxygen balance to zero, granular ammonium nitrate is added to emulsion industrial explosives (PVV).

The closest invention of the same purpose, the prototype of the claimed invention for the totality of features is the patent RU No. 22252926 from 08.25.2003 [3]. The composition contains a waterproof emulsion, granular ammonium nitrate, liquid petroleum products; as a waterproof emulsion, it contains a poremite emulsion in the following ratio of components, wt.%: poremite emulsion 60 ± 2.2; granular ammonium nitrate 39.5 ± 2.0; liquid petroleum products 0.5 ± 0.2; gas generating additive 1.0 ± 0.5 in excess of 100%.

The prototype contains only non-explosive components, so the effectiveness of the explosion of the composition is negligible.

To eliminate the existing disadvantage of the prototype, the composition of the emulsion explosive is proposed.

The technical result of the claimed invention is an increase in the efficiency of the explosion — it is achieved by the fact that the composition of the emulsion explosive containing emulsion and ammonium nitrate contains ammonium nitrate in gasified inverse emulsion in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Particles of ammonium nitrate 10-45; gasified inverse emulsion - the rest is up to 100, while gasified inverse emulsion contains components in the following proportions, wt.%: industrial oil 3.0-9.5; emulsifier 1.0-3.5; water 13.0-18.0; ammonium nitrate - the rest is up to 100; a gas generating additive of 0.4-2.5 in excess of 100, wherein the gasified reverse emulsion contains 0.09-6.0 wt.% of an additional component forming metal ions.

As an additional component forming metal ions, sodium chloride, alkali metal salts of fatty acids of animal origin, for example sodium stearate, or plant origin, for example taly soap, are used.

As an emulsifier, a SEM emulsifier or any other emulsifier is used that is not inferior in terms of technical characteristics to the specified emulsifier.

Gasified inverse emulsion additionally contains urea 0.5-2.5 wt.%.

The composition contains particles of ammonium nitrate with an average specific surface area of at least 11900 mm ² / g.

The gas generating additive contains 8-12 wt.% Sodium nitrite in an aqueous solution.

The proposed composition provides an increase in the efficiency of the explosion compared with the prototype due to the catalytic effect of metal ions on the explosive transformation reaction.

The optimum particle content of ammonium nitrate is from 10 to 45 wt.%. If the content of particles is more than 45 wt.%, Then the viscosity of the composition increases significantly.

If the industrial oil is less than 3.0 wt.%, The emulsion is not stable, if more than 9.5 wt.%, The emulsion explosive is significantly shifted in oxygen balance.

When the content of the emulsifier is less than 1.0 wt.%, An unstable emulsion is formed, and when the content is more than 3.5 wt.%, The cost of the proposed composition increases significantly.

If the water content is less than 13.0 wt.%, Then a very viscous emulsion is formed, if more than 18.0 wt.%, The explosion effect is significantly reduced. When the content of the gas-generating additive is less than 0.4 wt.%, It is not enough to maintain the detonation wave, and if more than 2.5 wt.%, Then the gas generation will be in excess. If the gas generating additive contains less than 8 wt.% Sodium nitrite in an aqueous solution, then gas generation is not sufficient, and if more than 12 wt.%, Gas generation will be excessive.

The optimal content in the gasified reverse emulsion of an additional component forming metal ions, manifested in a catalytic effect on the explosive conversion of the proposed composition varies from 0.09 wt.% To 6.0 wt.%.

As an additional component forming metal ions in an aqueous medium, sodium chloride, alkali metal salts of fatty acids of animal origin, for example sodium stearate, or plant origin, for example taly soap, are used.

The proposed composition provides an increase in the efficiency of the explosion compared with the prototype due to the catalytic effect of metal ions on the reaction of its explosive transformation.

To obtain a stable emulsion, a SEM emulsifier is used. SEM emulsifier is produced according to TU 75 11903-631-93 [4].

Urea is additionally included in the gasified inverse emulsion for using the proposed composition in the crushing of sulfide rocks and ores by explosion. If the urea content is less than 0.5 wt.%, Then the effect of urea is not significant, if more than 2.5%, then the explosion effect decreases.

The effectiveness of the explosion of the compositions was determined by the size of the compression of a standard lead cylinder. The research methodology was as follows.

A test composition weighing 1000 g was placed in a polyethylene shell with a diameter of 120 mm. An intermediate detonator (industrial detonator) was filled with TNT in the form of a powder weighing 100 g. The diameter of the industrial detonator was 50 mm. From above, along the axis of the charge, a detonator at 2/3 of its height was immersed in the test cartridge. A lead cylinder was placed on a flat steel plate. The cylinder has a diameter of 40 mm and a height of 60 mm. A steel conical hammer with the largest diameter of 300 mm was mounted on the cylinder.

Then, a cardboard stand was placed on the striker, providing a predetermined distance (150 mm) from the striker to the charge (the cardboard stand was bent in the form of a side surface of a straight triangular prism). The prepared composition in the shell was installed on a cardboard rack. After centering the test sample, an electric detonator was placed in a detonator and blasting was performed. As a result of a sharp impact of detonation products on the steel striker, the lead cylinder is deformed. After the explosion, the height of the lead cylinder was measured in four mutually perpendicular directions.

A measure of the effectiveness of an explosion is the amount of compression of the cylinder (the difference between its average heights before and after the explosion). Comparative experimental data on determining the effectiveness of the explosion of compounds are given in the table "Comparative experimental data on determining the effectiveness of the explosion of compounds".

Comparative experimental data on determining the effectiveness of the explosion of compounds p / p The name of indicators Prototype Suggested composition one Components, wt.% 1.1 Granular Ammonium Nitrate * 37.5 41.5 - - - - - 1.2 Ammonium nitrate particles ** - - 10 fifteen 35 40 twenty 1.3 Poremite Emulsion 62,2 57.8 - - - - - 1.4 Liquid petroleum products 0.3 0.7 - - - - - 1.5 Gasified inverse emulsion - - 90 85 65 60 80 1.5.1 Industrial oil - - 3.0 5 6 7 8 1.5.2 REM brand emulsifier - - 1,0 2 3 four 3 1.5.3 Water - - eighteen 17 16 fifteen fourteen 1.5.4 Ammonium nitrate - - 78 73 74.91 71.41 69 1.5.5 Sodium chloride - - - - - 0.09 6 1.5.6 Sodium stearate - - - - 0.09 - - 1.5.7 Soap soap - - - 2.5 - - - 1.5.8 Urea - - - 0.5 - 2.5 - 2 Gas-generating additive, (in excess of 100 wt.%) 0.5 1,5 0.4 1,0 1.3 1,5 2 3 Aqueous solution of sodium nitrate 9 eleven 8 8.5 9 10 eleven four The effectiveness of the explosion, mm four 5 17 24 22 23 26 * - mass fraction of granules from 1 to 3 mm 93%; mass fraction of granules with a size of less than 1 mm 4%; ** - specific surface area of the particles is not less than 11900 mm ² / g

From the table “Comparative experimental data on determining the effectiveness of the explosion of compounds” it can be seen that the effectiveness of the explosion of the prototype, determined by the compression of the lead cylinder, varies from 4 to 5 mm, and the proposed composition of the emulsion explosive is significantly larger and varies from 17 to 26 mm .

Therefore, the composition of the emulsion explosive provides the claimed technical result - an increase in the efficiency of the explosion.

Information sources

1. Generalov MB The main processes and devices of industrial explosives technology. Textbook manual for universities. - M.: IKC "Akademkniga", 2004.

2. Mikhailov Yu.M., Kolganov E.V., Sosnin V.A. Safety of ammonium nitrate and its use in industrial explosives. - Dzerzhinsk, LLC Partner Plus, 2008.

3. Patent for the invention RU 2252926 from 08.25.2003.

4. TU 7511903-631-93. Polymer emulsifier for emulsion industrial explosives. Technical conditions

Claims (5)

1. The composition of the emulsion explosive containing emulsion and ammonium nitrate, characterized in that it contains ammonium nitrate in a gasified inverse emulsion in the following ratio, wt.%:
Ammonium Nitrate Particles 10-45 Gasified inverse emulsion the rest is up to 100,
while gasified inverse emulsion contains components in the following proportions, wt.%:
Industrial oil 3.0-9.5 Emulsifier 1.0-3.5 Water 13.0-18.0 Ammonium nitrate the rest is up to 100 Gas generating additive 0.4-2.5 in excess of 100,
moreover, gasified inverse emulsion contains 0.09-6.0 wt.% additional component forming metal ions. 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as an additional component forming metal ions, sodium chloride, alkali metal salts of fatty acids of animal origin, for example sodium stearate, or plant origin, for example taly soap, are used. 3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as an emulsifier use an emulsifier brand REM or any other emulsifier, not inferior in terms of technical characteristics of the specified emulsifier. 4. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasified reverse emulsion additionally contains urea of 0.5-2.5 wt.%. 5. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains particles of ammonium nitrate with an average specific surface area of at least 11900 mm ² / g