RU2336929C2 - Air clearing ecological system filtration assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed to clear air of harmful impurities. The proposed assembly incorporates two filtration-clearing elements accommodated inside the said assembly housing in layers filled with dust catching filtration material, sorbents and absorbers. The split assembly is made up of two separate housings consisting of gas-tight side walls, gas-tight inlet and outlet walls arranged vertically relative to the purified air flow. The housing arranged first along the air flow accommodates the corrugated filtration paper, the second housing is furnished with at least two layers, one filled with a coal- and/or coal modification-based sorbent and the other one representing a filler made in potassium, and/or calcium and/or or barium permanganate. A spacing material is proved between the absorber, sorbent and gas-tight walls. The first housing front walls feature larger sizes than those of the second housing walls. The ledges representing the plates are arranged on the opposite sides of the first housing side walls to face the purified air flow and to attach the first housing to the ecological system housing, the said ledges being interconnected by a rigid cross piece fitted above the filtration material and the tight spacer being provided between the housings.

EFFECT: cleared air in living quarters.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to filters of air purification ecosystems, and can be used to purify air of harmful substances in cabins (salons) and inhabited compartments of all types of vehicles, road construction and special equipment, in hazardous production workshops, rooms of all types, etc.

Known filter unit of ventilation and air conditioning systems (cabin filter) with two filtering and cleaning elements located in the housing of the cleaning unit in the form of layers filled with filter corrugated paper and sorbent from coal / 1 /.

However, the known filter unit does not purify the air of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Placing a well-known cabin filter in ventilation and air conditioning systems to clean the entire air flow supplied to the cabin by ventilation and air conditioning systems leads to a decrease in the service life of the filter units due to the fact that they work even under conditions of clean air supply when turning on the ventilation and air conditioning systems to maintain a given temperature in the cabin.

Also known is the design of the filtering units of the air conditioning system in the cabs of cars, consisting of several cartridges filled with filtering and cleaning materials / 2 /. The disadvantages of such known filtering units are the complexity of their design, high gas-dynamic resistance due to the fact that they are made of several separate blocks (cassettes) connected by transition pipelines, as well as the high consumption of filtering and cleaning materials due to their full-flow application and features design, leading to an uneven distribution of cleaned air over the entire area of the filtering and cleaning materials in the cassettes.

Also known is the design of the filtering block of the air purification ecosystem with at least two filtering and cleaning elements located in the block body in the form of layers filled, for example, with dust filtering material, sorbents, absorbers / 3 /. This design of the filter unit is a prototype of the present invention. It allows you to clean the air of salons (cabins) and rooms from almost all harmful substances, has less weight and dimensions (compared to known analogues), less gas-dynamic resistance, less consumption of filtering and cleaning materials, because they are not used in ventilation and air conditioning systems, but in air purification ecosystems and are used only for their intended purpose. However, the known filter unit also has disadvantages, the main of which are the following.

The filtering and cleaning materials used in the filtering unit are not optimized in their parameters (pore size in filtering materials, sizes of granules and particles of absorbers, sorbents).

After installing the filtering blocks in the ecosystem housing, the block housing is leashed at the attachment points, which leads to a decrease in the tightness of the joints of the filtering elements and ecosystems, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of air purification.

Bulk filtering and cleaning materials placed in the form of layers in the block are compacted during operation and fistulas are formed in them, through which part of the untreated air passes.

Under real operating conditions, there are various typical concentrations of the main harmful substances, primarily dust and gaseous harmful substances, as a result of which different layers of cleaning units can have a different resource. The inability to replace the layers that have spent their life individually leads to an increase in costs due to a more frequent replacement of filter blocks as a whole.

In the known design, the technology of fastening the filter unit in the ecosystem housing has not been worked out either. In addition, in the known design of the filtering blocks during operation, due to vibrations and shocks, partial destruction of granules and particles of sorbents, absorbers occurs, which leads to secondary entrainment of dust of sorbents and other layer materials from the blocks into car interiors, which is unacceptable.

The objective of the invention is to optimize the parameters of filtering and cleaning materials used in filtering units.

Additional objectives of the invention are to increase the reliability of fastening the filter blocks in the casing of the air purification ecosystem, eliminating the leashes of the casing in operation, the formation of fistulas in layers filled with filter-cleanable elements and the elimination of the secondary entrainment of fine crumbs of filter-cleaning materials into the cabin air.

The objectives are realized in that in the filtering block of the air purification ecosystem with at least two filtering and cleaning elements located in the block body in the form of layers filled with, for example, dust-collecting filtering material, sorbents, absorbers, the filtering block itself is made collapsible, consisting of at least two separate buildings, each of which consists of gas-tight side walls, gas-permeable inlet and outlet walls, frontally located with respect to the direction of movement flow of the cleaned air, of which filter material is placed in the first block housing along the air flow, for example, in the form of fine-pleated corrugated filter paper with an average pore size in the range from 0.1 to 2.0 μm with a corrugation height of up to 25 30 mm and a corrugation pitch of 1-5 mm, and at least two layers are placed in the second block body, one of which is filled with a sorbent made of coal and / or its modifications in the form of granules, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size in the range from 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and the second layer is filled with a scavenger in the form of granules, crumbs, balls, particles with a maximum granule size of 1.0 to 4.5 mm, consisting of potassium permanganate and / or calcium and / or barium; a gasket material is placed between the scavenger, sorbent and gas-permeable walls pore size smaller than the smaller granule size of the material of the layers, and the frontal dimensions of the walls of the first filter housing are larger than the corresponding sizes of the walls of the second housing, protrusions in the form of plates are placed on opposite sides of the walls of the first housing of the block n, facing the flow of cleaned air for attaching the first housing to the housing of the air purification ecosystem, and the protrusions are pulled together by a rigid jumper located above the dust-collecting filter material, and a tight seal is placed between the block housings in the places where the walls of the filter block housings fit.

In addition, a layer of sorbent from coal and its modifications in the filtering unit can be made monolithic by sintering with polyethylene material at a temperature of 110 to 150 ° C with a consumption of polyethylene up to 15-20% by weight of coal or by gluing with adhesive materials at a rate of 2 up to 10% by weight of coal.

In addition, a second layer of monolithic coal and its modifications is placed in the second block casing, which is placed last along the flow of the cleaned air, and the first layer of monolithic coal and its modifications is placed first in the casing in the direction of the stream of cleaned air.

In addition, a third layer is placed in the second block casing, filled with a low-temperature catalyst of palladium and / or its oxides in the form of granules, crumbs, balls and particles of a different shape with a maximum granule size of 0.5 to 4.5 mm.

Finally, in the second block casing, the last additional layer of filter material is used to finely purify air from dust, soot and particles in solid and liquid phases with effective cleaning of particles and droplets starting from a size of 0.01 mm.

The essence of the proposal is illustrated in the drawing.

The proposed device includes a first housing 1, a second housing 2, gas-tight side walls 3, inlet and outlet walls 4, filter material 5, a first layer 6, a second layer 7, a third layer 8, cushioning materials 9, a plate 10, a hard jumper 11, sealed the gasket 12, the side walls of the ecosystem 13, the partition of the ecosystem 14, the gasket 15 and the clamps 16.

The filtering block of the air purification ecosystem consists of two collapsible housings 1 and 2 with gas-tight side walls 3 and gas-permeable inlet and outlet 4 walls that are frontally located with respect to the direction of flow of the cleaned air. In the first housing along the airflow, filtering material is placed, for example, in the form of corrugated filter paper 5 for fine air purification with an average pore size in the range from 0.1 to 2.0 microns with a corrugation height of 25-30 mm and a corrugation pitch in 1-5 mm. Layers are placed in the second block body 2 of which one 6 is filled with a sorbent from coal and / or its modification in the form of granules, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size in the range from 0.5 to 4.0 mm. The second layer 7 is filled with an absorber made of potassium permanganate, and / or calcium, and / or barium in the form of granules, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size of 1.0 to 4.5 mm. The third layer 8 is filled with a low-temperature catalyst of palladium and / or its oxides also in the form of granules, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size of from 0.5 to 4.5 mm.

The air purification ecosystem with filtering units 1, 2 can be installed both on urban transport operating in an atmosphere contaminated by a very wide range of harmful substances, and in in-plant transport operating in an atmosphere polluted by other harmful substances specific to each production. In this regard, in block 2, several layers filled with sorbents from coal and / or its modifications can be placed. So, based on active AG-3 coal (GOST 20464-75) used for adsorption of benzene and other harmful substances from gaseous media, modifications of this coal AG-3A, AG-3V, AG-3I, used to clean other harmful substances, are made and they also produce absorbers (universal UP-absorber for equipment of industrial gas masks), a chemical absorber of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide Kupramit (TU 6-17-5795739-III-90), Kupramit-R (STP 6-1-1452-80), a desiccant OLB (TU 6-16-2748-84) for the protection of respiratory organs from carbon monoxide, chemical absorbers of mercury vapor KhPR-3M, KhPR -3, KhPR-3P, etc. All of these coal modifications can find application in the claimed invention - the filtering block of the air purification ecosystem.

Thus, the modifications of coal used in filtering blocks and dehumidifiers, absorbers, chemical absorbers, etc. made on their basis may be a great many.

Between the sorbent 6, absorber 7, catalyst 8, as well as between the sorbent 6, catalyst 8 and gas-permeable walls 4, cushioning material 9 is placed in the casing 2 with a pore size smaller than the minimum granule size of the materials of the corresponding layers 6, 7, 8. Moreover, the frontal dimensions (length, width) of the walls of the housing 1 is larger than the corresponding dimensions of the walls of the second housing 2. Along the side walls of the housing 1, protrusions 10 are placed on opposite sides in the form of plates facing the flow of cleaned air for attaching the housing 1 to the housing ecosystems. At the same time, these protrusions 10 are pulled together by a rigid jumper 11, made in the form of a narrow plate and placed above the corrugated filter material 5, and between the housings 1 and 2 of the filter block there is a sealed gasket 12 at the points of contact between the walls of the first 1 and second 2 filter block housings.

The sorbent layer can be made in a monolithic way by sintering granules with polyethylene material at a temperature of 110 to 150 ° C with a polyethylene consumption of up to 15-20% by weight of coal or gluing with adhesive material at a rate of 2 to 10% by weight of coal.

In the second block body 2, an additional second layer of monolithic coal (not shown) and its modifications can be placed. In this case, the sintered monolithic layers of coal are placed along the edges of the housing 2, and the bulk layers of the absorber 7 and catalyst 8 are located between the layers of coal.

In general terms, depending on the purpose of the filtering unit of the air purification ecosystem, the monolithic layers placed along the edges of the housing 2 can include not only materials from coal and its modifications, but also absorbers, catalysts, and their modifications. Accordingly, the list of types of adhesive materials used (for sintering layers) can be varied in composition and structure and must be selected individually in each case.

In the second block housing 2, the last additional layer of filtering material for fine air purification (not shown) from dust, bacteria, viruses and other particles in solid and liquid phases can be placed with effective cleaning of particles starting from a size of 0.01 mm. The placement of the additional layer in the housing 2 is achieved due to the fact that the height of the side wall 3 of the housing 2 is greater than the total height of the layers 6, 7, 8, gas-permeable walls 4 and gaskets 9 to the corresponding technological height of the additional layers.

Finally, the filter unit is installed in the ecosystem housing inside its side walls 13 and pressed by the lower part of the housing 2 to the partition 14 of the ecosystem housing through the gasket 15 using clamps 16 attached to the protrusions 10 of the housing 1 and the side walls 13 of the ecosystem housing (the entire ecosystem housing in the drawing not shown).

The areas of application of filtering blocks of air purification ecosystems are very diverse and can vary significantly in the spectrum and priority of harmful substances that need to be cleaned (for example, air in the salons of urban vehicles, polluted by a very wide range of harmful substances emitted by vehicles and industrial emissions; air in quarry cabins dump trucks and excavators, the pollution of which is determined mainly by emissions of harmful substances from diesel exhaust gases; air into the cabin internal transport, contamination of which is characterized by the specificity of each production and can vary considerably according to the nomenclature, and by priority cleaned of harmful substances).

In practice, in most cases, there is a need to purify air from a wide range of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, the effective neutralization of which is carried out by specially developed modifications of absorbers (activated carbon SKT-3 - for cleaning air from hydrogen sulfide, methanol, acetone, activated carbon SKT-3U - for cleaning from benzene, gasoline, ethanol, active PAH-1 charcoal - for inert gas absorption, OLB activated charcoal dryer - for cleaning carbon monoxide, etc.), i.e. For air purification in one filtering block several modifications of coals can be used. The same applies to filter materials, sorbents, adhesive materials, catalysts.

As a result, both the number of filtering and cleaning elements used and the number of individual housings for them can reach 4-5 units or more. Optimization of modifications of absorbers, sorbents and catalysts allows to increase the efficiency and service life of the filtering units and to optimize their number in the units to achieve the multiplicity of the service life of each element, which will allow the operation to replace only the elements that have fully exhausted their life. The latter, however, requires an increase in the number of individual filtering block housings, which will differ in the type of filtering elements, absorbers, sorbents and catalysts used, as well as being divided into constantly replaced, rarely replaced and constantly working.

An increase in the number of elements, layers and housings for them can also be caused by the design feature of the air purification ecosystem with the installation of part of the filter blocks at the air inlet and outlet from the ecosystem, as well as the need to place air driers in the filter blocks to increase the efficiency of air purification processes.

The filtering unit of the air purification ecosystem works as follows.

After turning on the fan of the air purification ecosystem, the latter first enters the housing 1 of the filtering unit and, passing a gas-permeable wall 4, made of, for example, a metal mesh, then passes through the cushioning material 9 and in the first filtering housing 1 of the filtering material, for example, in the form of corrugated filter paper 5 of fine air purification with an average pore size in the range from 0.1 to 2.0 microns with a corrugation height of 25-30 mm and a corrugation pitch of 1-5 mm, it is cleaned of dust, soot, plant pollen, bacteria and d . Particles in the solid and liquid phases. Next, air enters the second block body 2, where layers are placed, one of which 6 is filled with a sorbent made of coal and / or its modifications in the form of granules, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size in the range from 0.5 to 4.0 mm; the second layer 7 is filled with an absorber of potassium permanganate, and / or calcium, and / or barium in the form of granules, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size of 1.0 to 4.5 mm; the third layer 8 is filled with a low-temperature catalyst of palladium and / or its oxides also in the form of granules, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size of from 0.5 to 4.5 mm. In the second building 2, the air is sequentially cleaned of products of incomplete combustion of fuel (hydrocarbons of all types, including carcinogens), then of nitrogen oxides (on an absorber) and, finally, of carbon monoxide (on a low-temperature catalyst).

Between the sorbent 6, absorber 7, catalyst 8, and also between the sorbent 6, catalyst 8 and gas-permeable walls 4, cushioning material 9 is placed with a pore size smaller than the minimum grain size of the materials of the corresponding layers 6, 7, 8, which, on the one hand, has minimal gas-dynamic resistance, which is very important, and on the other hand, this material protects the materials of the layers from mixing and eliminates the possibility of secondary entrainment of dust of these materials into the air inside the car.

After passing through the gas-permeable wall 4 of the second housing 2 of the filter unit, the cleaned air is sent to the interior of the machine or to the room.

Reducing the size of the granules (separated crumbs, etc.) leads to an increase in the area of contact of air with the materials of layers 6, 7, 8, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of air purification. But at the same time, the gas-dynamic resistance of these layers also grows. The above grain size ranges of sorbent 6, absorber 7 and catalyst 8 are optimized for the performance of air purification ecosystems in the salons and allow to obtain high air purification efficiency (at the level of 99-90%) with their gas-dynamic resistance up to 50-180 Pa for each layer at the productivity ecosystems by air at 20-40 m ³ / h. As a result, in combination with the pore size of the cushioning material 9 and corrugated paper 5, the gas-dynamic resistance of the complete cleaning unit is not more than 600 Pa, which is confidently realized with the help of an ecosystem pressure fan, for example, of a radial design.

To increase the strength of the casing 2, especially in the case of the vertical installation of the cleaning unit in the ecosystem’s casing, a layer of sorbent from coal and its modifications is performed in a monolithic way by sintering with polyethylene material at a temperature of 110 to 150 ° C with a consumption of polyethylene up to 15-20% by weight of coal or glued with adhesive materials at a rate of 2 to 10% by weight of coal.

In special cases, in order to prevent compaction of the layer materials under severe operating conditions with increased vibration and shock, an additional second layer of monolithic coal and its modifications is placed in the second block casing, placed last along the flow of the cleaned air, and the first layer is of monolithic coal and its modifications placed in the housing first in the direction of flow of the cleaned air. This solution allows you to eliminate fistulas in layers 6, 7, 8 and the flow of part of the raw air through the fistulas in the layers.

To ensure air purification from carbon monoxide, especially when operating machines in urban conditions, in addition to the second block building 2, a third layer is placed, filled with a low-temperature catalyst of palladium and / or its oxides in the form of granules, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size of 0, 5 to 4.5 mm.

Also, to ensure fine purification of air from dust, viruses, bacteria and other smallest particles, and to eliminate the secondary entrainment of the smallest dust generated when the materials of layers 6, 7, 8 are erased, the last additional layer of filter material for fine cleaning of air from dust, soot and particles in solid and liquid phases with effective cleaning of particles and droplets starting from a size of 0.01 mm.

Placement on the side walls of the first housing 1 of the block on opposite sides of the protrusions 10 in the form of plates facing the flow of cleaned air for attaching the first housing 1 to the housing of the air purification ecosystem (its side walls 13) using clamps 16, pulling the protrusions 10 together with a hard jumper 11, placed above the dust collecting filter material 5, and the placement between the first 1 and second 2 bodies of the sealed gasket unit 12 at the contact points of the walls of the first 1 and second 2 cases of the filtering blocks makes more the more rigid construction of buildings 1 and 2, eliminates their leash during vibration and shock during operation, dramatically reduces the compaction of the materials of layers 6, 7, 8, leading to the formation of fistulas, and ensures the tightness of the installation of buildings 1 and 2 in the housing of the air purification ecosystem.

Thus, the claimed invention eliminated the disadvantages characteristic of the prototype, and solved the tasks, namely:

- optimized parameters of filtering and cleaning materials used in filtering units;

- the reliability of fastening the filtering blocks in the casing of the air purification ecosystem has been increased, leashes of the casing of the block have been ruled out in operation, the conditions for the formation of fistulas in the layers filled with filter-cleaned elements have been eliminated, and secondary entrainment of the finest dust and crumbs of filter-cleaning materials into the cabin air has been eliminated.

The claimed invention helps to ensure a clean air environment for human habitation in the salons (cabins) of vehicles, rooms and other inhabited compartments and can find application in practice.

Information sources

1. Cabin air filters. “Useful pages. At the wheel ”, Ed. “3a wheel”, 2005, issue 16, pp. 269-272, Fig. 1.

2. Copyright certificate No. 646061. Device for air conditioning in the cabs of cars. M Cl. 2. F21F 3/00, F24F 3/16. Publ. 02/05/79. Bull. No. 5.

3. RF patent. No. 2173639 C1. Air purification system. 7 B60H 3/06, F24F 3/16. Publ. September 20, 2001 Bull. No. 26.

Claims (5)

1. The filtering block of the air purification ecosystem with at least two filtering and cleaning elements located in the block body in the form of layers filled with, for example, dust-collecting filtering material, sorbents, absorbers, characterized in that the filtering block is made up of a collapsible, consisting of at least two separate housings, each of which consists of gas-tight side walls, gas-permeable inlet and outlet walls, frontally located in relation to the direction of flow of the cleaned about air, of which filter material is placed in the first block casing along the air flow, for example, in the form of fine filter pleated filter paper with an average pore size in the range from 0.1 to 2.0 μm with a corrugation height of up to 25-30 mm and a corrugation pitch of 1-5 mm, and in the second block case at least two layers are placed, one of which is filled with a sorbent made of coal and / or its modifications in the form of granules, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size in the range from 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and the second layer is filled with an absorber in the form of g wound, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size of 1.0 to 4.5 mm, consisting of potassium permanganate, and / or calcium, and / or barium, cushioning material with a smaller pore size is placed between the absorber, sorbent and gas-permeable walls granules of the material of the layers, the frontal dimensions of the walls of the first housing of the filtering unit being larger than the corresponding sizes of the walls of the second housing of the block; protrusions in the form of plates facing the flow are placed on opposite sides of the walls of the first housing of the block cleaned air for attaching the first housing to the housing of the air purification ecosystem, and the protrusions are pulled together by a rigid jumper located above the dust filtering material, and a tight seal is placed between the block housings in the places where the walls of the filter block housings fit. 2. The filtering block according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer of sorbent from coal and its modifications is performed in a monolithic way by sintering with polyethylene material at a temperature of from 110 to 150 ° C with a consumption of polyethylene up to 15-20% by weight of coal or glued with adhesive materials based on 2 to 10% by weight of coal. 3. The filter unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the second layer of monolithic coal and its modifications is placed in the second block body, placed last along the flow of the cleaned air, and the first layer of monolithic coal and its modifications is placed first in the case in the direction of the stream of purified air. 4. The filtering block according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the second block housing, a third layer is placed, filled with a low-temperature catalyst of palladium and / or its oxides in the form of granules, crumbs, balls with a maximum granule size of from 0.5 to 4, 5 mm. 5. The filtering unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the second additional layer of the filtering unit contains a final layer of filtering material for fine cleaning of air from dust, soot and particles in solid and liquid phases with effective cleaning of particles and drops, starting from a size of 0 , 01 mm.