RU2332326C1 - Chemicals tanker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship building, in particular, to chemicals tankers for waterage of petroleum, petroleum products, various oils or fluid chemicals. The chemicals tanker consists of a dual-hull with tanks and ballast compartments arranged in boards and bottom, and a wheelhouse. A part of outer hull jointing the bottom with the boards represents a parabolic cylinder with a bilge keels. The tanks are furnished with petroleum or petroleum product dampers representing corrugated impermeable lengthwise and crosswise partitions and a deck covering and a power plant assembly arranged on the side of tanks. The wheel house extends from one board to another. The foremast and main-mast are furnished with lightning-arresters grounded to the tanker hull. The tanker is provided with the system spraying access ways to rescue boats to protect screw from high temperature effects.

EFFECT: higher ecological safety of petroleum products transportation, higher safety in passing through the shipping locks and narrow ship paths, in open and enclosed seas, higher safety of shipping with empty tanks.

9 cl, 8 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to shipbuilding, in particular to chemical tankers for the transport of oil, petroleum products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes.

State of the art

Known oil tanker, Japan patent application No. 6298172, published October 25, 1994, IPC B63B 25/08, containing a double hull with tanks and ballast compartments in the sides and having corrugated elements that divide the tanks into two parts, located one above the other, in which put oil.

Known hull, European patent No. 0460851, published 11.12.1991, IPC BV 3/12, containing a double hull with cylindrically curved plates to increase the rigidity of the hull when it is bent.

The features of the above analogues are: insufficient safety for the ship to overcome locks and narrownesses, in particular on rivers; open and closed seas; insufficient safety of movement of a tanker with empty tanks; insufficient crew safety.

A ship is known, Canadian patent No. 2320692, published on 09/10/1999, IPC ВВВ 9/04, comprising a hull with zygomatic keels to reduce the forces created by the medium and having a low frequency that counteract the forces created by the waves that facilitate the movement of the vessel.

The features of the above analogue are: insufficient environmental safety of the delivery of oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes by ship; insufficient safety for the ship to overcome locks and narrownesses, in particular on rivers; open and closed seas; insufficient safety of movement of the vessel with empty tanks; insufficient crew safety.

The closest analogue of the invention is a vessel, international application PCT No. 9325433, published 23.12.1993, IPC V63V 25/08, containing a double hull with tanks and ballast compartments in the sides and bottom, pipelines for loading and unloading oil or oil products with pumping equipment, pipe fittings and cargo manifolds, ballast compartment filling and emptying pipelines, thrusters, vibration damping devices for oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemicals in tanks in the form of reflectors GOVERNMENTAL plates.

The features of the closest analogue are: insufficient safety of the ship to overcome locks and narrownesses, in particular on rivers; open and closed seas; insufficient safety of movement of the vessel with empty tanks; insufficient crew safety.

Disclosure of invention

A feature of chemical tanker-type vessels is the need to meet the requirements of shipping in various types of water areas, in the areas of which there may be terminals with oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes. Navigation on the rivers is characterized by a change in the fullness of the rivers and, consequently, the impact on the possibility of passage of loaded vessels. On the rivers and canals there are also locks with limited structural dimensions, which should be taken into account when choosing the geometric parameters of ships, which must be smaller than the corresponding geometric parameters of the locks to overcome the locks. In the waters of the seas and oceans, due to significant disturbances in the aquatic environment, ships are subjected to heavy loads caused by this factor.

The need to meet such a wide range of requirements for vessels transporting oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical goods imposes restrictions on the design decisions implemented on such vessels.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the safety of the delivery of oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical goods by a chemical tanker.

Technical results that the invention provides:

- improving the environmental safety of the delivery of oil, petroleum products, various oils or liquid chemical goods by chemical tanker;

- improving the safety of the chemical tanker overcoming locks and narrownesses;

- improving the safety of overcoming chemical and tanker open and closed seas;

- improving the safety of movement of a chemical tanker with empty tanks;

- increasing crew safety.

Technical results are achieved in that a chemical tanker contains a double hull with tanks and ballast compartments in the sides and bottom, wheelhouse, pipelines for loading and unloading oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical goods with pumping equipment, pipe fittings and cargo manifolds, at least one thruster, at least one propulsion system, vibration damping devices for oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemicals in tanks, and, unlike of a closer analogue, at least the part of the outer casing connecting the bottom and the sides is made in the form of a part of a parabolic cylinder, the propulsion system is connected to a screw propeller, the steering device is made with one balancing wheel with an active flap, devices for damping oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes in tanks are made in the form of corrugated impermeable longitudinal and transverse bulkheads and deck ceilings with a power kit located on the side of the tanks on The cheekbone keels are made in the external hull, the wheelhouse is made from side to side, the foremast and mainmast contain lightning rods, moreover, lightning rods are grounded to the tank of the chemical tanker, fresh and outboard water pipelines with pumping equipment and pipe fittings, the power plant is electrically connected with systems: top-level signaling in tanks, fire extinguishing, cargo, external communications, ship radio broadcasting and broadcasting, onboard communications, navigation, signaling, control of technical equipment water, ventilation, steam heating, household steam supply, air conditioning, dehumidification, ballast, fuel, starting air, low pressure air, power supply, lighting, irrigation approaches to the lifeboat to protect people from high temperatures.

At the same time, the double hull allows a loaded chemical tanker during navigational accidents, such as aground or reef, due to plastic deformations of parts of the outer hull connecting the bottom and sides, made as part of a parabolic cylinder, and different from plastic deformations of a circular or elliptical cylinders reduce the chance of rupture of the outer casing. A propulsion system connected to a screw propeller, a steering device with one balancing wheel with an active flap and a thruster in the bow of the tanker allow for increased maneuverability at different speeds, and the cabin across the entire width of the vessel, allowing you to observe the gap between the airlock wall and a chemical tanker , increase safety of overcoming locks and narrownesses.

Passive damping systems for both a chemical tanker as a whole through the use of cheekbones and the liquid in the tanks, through the use of corrugated bulkheads and deck overlapping with a power pack located on the side of the tanks, dividing the space into the number of tanks from 8 to 32 to reduce the likelihood of a coincidence of the frequency of natural oscillations of the liquid in each tank with the frequency of natural oscillations of a chemical tanker and the frequency of oscillations of the waves, increased flexibility (flexibility b) pipelines and a longitudinal corridor (transition bridge) by reducing the stresses arising at the junction of the hull (deck) with the elements of the pipelines, they can increase the safety of the tanker overcoming open and closed seas with a wave height, according to the authors, up to 7 meters. Filling the ballast compartments in the bottom and sides with outboard water improves the stability of the chemical tanker and, consequently, the safety of its movement with empty tanks.

In a chemical tanker, the curved parts of the corrugations can be made in the form of parts of parabolic cylinders. This contributes to a more dynamic damping of vibrations of liquids located in the tanks.

In tanks and ballast tanks, water-tight covers for entry into them can be made, which improves the safety of transportation of oil and oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes.

In a chemical tanker, the cheekbones can be connected inextricably with the parts of the parabolic cylinder of the outer hull in a direction close to the normal, and are made in the dimensions of the outer hull - i.e. the projections of the cheekbones on the horizontal plane of the bottom do not exceed the width of the hull, and the projections of the cheekbones on the vertical plane of the side do not exceed the linear size of the projections of the bottom on the plane of the side.

In a chemical tanker, traffic control and steering devices can be located in the wheelhouse, which improves the safety of transportation of oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes due to the greater convenience of controlling a chemical tanker.

In a chemical tanker, manifolds can be interconnected by a pipeline for loading and unloading oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes, which improves the safety of loading and unloading a chemical tanker.

A chemical tanker can be equipped with rescue equipment: a free fall rescue tanker boat, a rescue boat, a descent type liferaft, a drop type liferaft, lifebuoys, life jackets, and thermal suits, which increases the crew’s safety.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the layout of the main elements of a chemical tanker in profile.

Figure 2 presents the layout of the main elements of a chemical tanker at the level of the thruster.

Figure 3 presents the layout of the main elements of a chemical tanker at a level below the main continuous deck.

Figure 4 presents the layout of the main elements of a chemical tanker at the level of the main continuous deck.

Figure 5 presents the layout of the main elements of a chemical tanker at the level of the deck of the tank, utah and the longitudinal corridor (transition bridge).

Figure 6 presents the layout of the main elements of a chemical tanker at the level of the boat deck.

Figure 7 presents the layout of the elements of a chemical tanker at the deck deck of the navigation bridge.

On Fig presents diagrams (end view) of various variants of the corrugated bulkheads of a chemical tanker.

The implementation of the invention

The invention can be carried out by constructing a chemical tanker at a shipyard for the transportation of oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical goods, containing a double hull with an external hull 1, tanks 2 and ballast compartments 3, wheelhouse 4, pipelines 5 for loading and unloading oil, oil products , various oils or liquid chemical goods with pumping equipment, pipe fittings and cargo manifolds 6, a thruster 7, and the part of the outer casing 1 connecting the bottom 8 and side 9 is made in the form of a a parabolic cylinder, a propulsion system 10 connected to a screw propeller 11, a steering device with a suspended balancing wheel 12. Devices for damping vibrations of oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes in tanks 2 are made in the form of corrugated impermeable longitudinal 13 and transverse 14 bulkheads and deck ceilings 15 with a power pack located on the side of the tanks 2. On the outer casing 1 are made zygomatic keels. The wheelhouse 4 is made from side to side. The foremast 16 and the mainmast 17 are made with lightning rods. The use of fresh and sea water pipelines with pumping equipment and pipe fittings allows filling the ballast compartments 3 in the bottom and sides with sea water, which increases the stability of the chemical tanker and, consequently, the safety of its movement with empty tanks. The use of a power plant electrically connected to systems: top-level signaling in tanks, fire fighting, cargo, external communications, ship radio and radio broadcasting, on-board communications, navigation, signaling, control of technical means, ventilation, steam heating, household steam supply, air conditioning, drainage, ballast, fuel, starting air, low pressure air, power supply, lighting and irrigation approaches lifeboat 18 for protection people from exposure to high temperatures can improve the safety of transportation of oil, petroleum products, various oils or liquid chemicals.

In a chemical tanker, the engine room, power plant and residential superstructure are preferably located in the stern. A chemical tanker can be built with a tank and a shelter. Ballast compartments 3 can be located in double sides and double bottom.

Plastic deformations of a part of the outer casing in the form of a parabolic cylinder differ in a favorable direction from plastic deformations of a circular or elliptical cylinders and reduce the likelihood of rupture of the outer casing. The manufacture of a part of the outer casing as a part of a parabolic cylinder can be carried out, for example, on press equipment equipped with an appropriate mold and punch or on bending equipment.

A propulsion system 10 connected to a screw propeller 11 of an adjustable pitch, a steering device with one balancing rudder 12 with an active flap and a thruster 7, which allow, by increasing maneuverability at different speeds, and wheelhouse 4 over the entire width of the vessel, allowing to observe the gap between the wall locks and chemical tanker, increase the safety of overcoming locks and narrownesses.

Passive vibration damping systems for both the tanker as a whole through the use of cheekbones and the fluid in the tanks, through the use of corrugated bulkheads 13 and 14 and the implementation of deck ceilings 15 with a power kit made, for example, from a half-bulb located on the side of the tanks 2, dividing the space into the number of tanks 2 from 8 to 32 to reduce the coincidence of the frequency of natural vibrations of the liquid in each tank, increased flexibility (compliance) of pipelines 5 and the longitudinal corridor (transition bridge) 19, designed to go from the decks of the superstructure to the fore end of the chemical tanker, by reducing the stresses arising at the junction of the deck 15 with the elements of pipelines 5, they can increase the safety of the chemical tanker overcoming open and closed seas with a wave height of authors' calculations, up to 7 meters. Filling the ballast compartments 3 in the bottom and sides with outboard water improves the stability of the chemical tanker and, consequently, the safety of its movement with empty tanks.

In a chemical tanker, the curved parts 20 of the corrugations of the bulkheads 13 and 14 can be made in the form of parts of parabolic cylinders. This contributes to a more dynamic damping of vibrations of liquids located in the tanks. The manufacture of part 20 of the corrugations of the bulkheads 13 and 14 as parts of parabolic cylinders can be carried out, for example, on press equipment equipped with an appropriate mold and punch or on bending equipment.

In tanks 2 and ballast tanks 3 can be made water-tight lids 21 for entry into them, which improves the safety of transportation of oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargo. The manufacture of water-tight covers 21 may be carried out by known methods. To protect a chemical tanker from corrosion, it is possible to use tread protection in combination with paintwork, which are carried out by known methods. A chemical tanker can be equipped with two bow anchors. Anchors can be pulled into the clams with anchor niches. Lifting and recoil of the anchor anchors on the deck of the tank can be achieved using an electric windlass. Mooring operations can be carried out using a windlass and a spire. For mooring, a chemical tanker can be equipped with the necessary number of mooring and towing bollards and mooring locks. To protect the vessel from damage when mooring at berths, on raids and at sea, crane protection can be provided.

In the tanker, the cheekbones can be connected inseparably with the parts of the parabolic cylinder of the outer shell 1 in a direction close to the normal, and are made in the dimensions of the outer shell 1 - that is, the projections of the cheekbones on the horizontal plane of the bottom do not exceed the width of the hull, and the projections of the cheekbones on the vertical the plane of the side does not exceed the linear size of the projection of the bottom to the plane of the side. One-piece connection can be made using electric arc welding.

In a chemical tanker, traffic control and thrusters 7 can be located in the wheelhouse 4, which improves the safety of transportation of oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargo due to the greater convenience of controlling the tanker.

In a chemical tanker, manifolds 6 can be interconnected by a pipe 5 for loading and unloading oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes, which improves the safety of loading and unloading a chemical tanker. Such a connection can be made using electric arc welding.

A chemical tanker can be equipped with rescue equipment: a free fall rescue tanker 18, a rescue boat 22, a descent life raft, a discharged life raft, lifebuoys, life jackets, and thermal suits, which increases the crew’s safety.

A chemical tanker carries out loading, transportation and unloading of oil or oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes as follows.

External pipelines are connected to the cargo manifolds 6. Through the cargo manifolds 6 through the pipeline 5, the tanks 2 are loaded with oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes. After loading the tanks 2, the shutoff valves of the manifolds 6 and pipelines 5 are closed and the external pipelines are disconnected. The control of the chemical tanker is carried out from the wheelhouse 4. After arrival at the delivery point, external pipelines are connected to the cargo manifolds 6. Through the cargo manifolds 6 through the pipeline 5, oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes are unloaded from the tanks by 2 submersible cargo electric pumps.

When crossing a chemical tanker with empty tanks 2, outboard water is loaded into the ballast compartments 3.

During navigational accidents, such as aground or pitfall, plastic deformation of the outer hull 1 occurs and the probability of rupture of the outer hull 1 decreases. At the same time, the resistance of the tanks 2 is preserved and the ingress of oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes is prevented.

The use of a propulsion system connected to a screw propulsion device 11, a steering device with an outboard steering wheel 12 and a thruster 7 increases maneuverability at various speeds.

From the cabin 4 portholes, the crew observes the gap between the airlock wall and the tanker when overcoming the airlocks.

Zygomatic keels dampen tanker vibrations during a wave. The corrugated bulkheads 13 and 14 and the power deck deck kit 15 dampen the vibrations of the liquid in the tanks during the unloading and maneuvering of the tanker.

In the event of an accident leading to the sinking of the tanker, rescue equipment may be involved: a free fall rescue tanker 18, a rescue boat 22, a liferaft of a descent type, a liferaft of a discharged type, lifebuoys, lifejackets, and hydraulic suits.

Claims (9)

1. Chemical tanker containing a double hull with tanks and ballast compartments in the sides and bottom, wheelhouse, pipelines for loading and unloading oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes with pumping equipment, pipe fittings and cargo manifolds, at least one a thruster, at least one propulsion system, devices for damping vibrations of oil or oil products in tanks, characterized in that at least a part of the outer hull connecting the bottom and sides is made in as a part of a parabolic cylinder, the propulsion system is connected to a screw propeller, the steering device is made with one balancing wheel with an active flap, the devices for damping oil, oil products, various oils or liquid chemical cargoes in tanks are made in the form of corrugated impermeable longitudinal and transverse bulkheads and deck ceilings with a power pack located on the side of the tanks, zygomatic keels are made on the outer casing, the wheelhouse is made from side to side, the bow in It is made bulb-shaped in the underwater part of the hull, the foremast and mainmast contain lightning rods, and the lightning rods are grounded to the tanker’s hull, fresh and outboard water pipelines are made with pumping equipment and pipe fittings, the power plant is electrically connected to the following systems: top level alarms in tanks, fire extinguishing, cargo, external communications, ship radio broadcasting and broadcasting, on-board communications, navigation, signaling, control of technical means, ventilation, steam pollination, household steam supply, air conditioning, drainage, ballast, fuel, starting air, low pressure air, power supply, lighting, irrigation approaches to the lifeboat to protect people from high temperatures. 2. Chemical tanker according to claim 1, characterized in that the curved parts of the corrugations are made in the form of parts of parabolic cylinders. 3. Chemical tanker according to claim 1, characterized in that in the tanks and ballast tanks are made water-tight covers for entering them. 4. Chemical tanker according to claim 1, characterized in that the cheekbones are inseparably connected with the parts of the parabolic cylinder of the outer casing in a direction close to the normal, and are made in the dimensions of the outer casing. 5. Chemical tanker according to claim 1, characterized in that the traffic controls are located in the wheelhouse. 6. Chemical tanker according to claim 1, characterized in that the steering controls are located in the wheelhouse. 7. Chemical tanker according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw propeller is made of an adjustable pitch. 8. Chemical tanker according to claim 1, characterized in that the thruster propeller is made of an adjustable pitch. 9. A chemical tanker according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with rescue equipment: a free fall rescue tanker boat, a rescue boat, a liferaft of a descent type, a liferaft of a discharged type, lifebuoys, lifejackets, and hydrothermal suits.

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