RU2323355C1 - Method of and device for neutralization of harmful admixtures in exhaust gases of internal combustion engine (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering; heating equipment.

SUBSTANCE: according to proposed method of neutralization of harmful admixtures in exhaust gases of internal combustion engine, air delivered through air intake pipeline on section from air cleaner or gas distributing device to carburetor of fuel pump is treated by flow of alpha-particles and simultaneously exhaust gases in discharge pipeline are treated by other flow of alpha-particles. After treatment of air delivered into internal combustion engine through air manifold by alpha-particles, positive ions of air are restored, air is enriched by negative ions of oxygen, and energy of alpha-particles for treatment of exhaust gases is chosen to provide dissociation of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons by electron impact when exhaust gases pass through exhaust system of internal combustion engine with simultaneous enrichment of exhaust gases by negative ions of oxygen. Proposed device for neutralization of harmful admixtures in exhaust gases of internal combustion engine consists of air pipeline to deliver air into internal combustion engine in which ionization chamber with at least one source of alpha-particles fitted-in is placed in section between air cleaner or gas distributing device and carburetor or fuel pump, and pipeline to discharge exhaust gases of engine in which dissociation chamber is installed with at least one source of alpha-particles. Sources of alpha-particles are arranged so that entire amount of air delivered into engine passes through zone of treatment by alpha particles in ionization chamber placed in air pipeline, and all exhaust gases pass through zone of treatment by alpha-particles in dissociation chamber in exhaust pipeline. According to second design version, at least one electrode is placed additionally into air intake pipeline and into exhaust gas discharge pipeline of engine made in form of conducting grid placed after source of alpha-particles in direction of air or exhaust gas flow, according, across air or exhaust gas flow. Each electrode is connected to negative terminal of its dc voltage source, whose positive terminal is grounded.

EFFECT: reduced content of harmful admixtures and toxicity of exhaust gases, simplified design of device and facilitated mounting of device in engine, improved efficiency of neutralization of toxic admixtures.

14 cl, 1 tbl, 3 dwg

Description

The proposal relates to the field of engine building and automotive industry, and in particular to methods for reducing the content of harmful impurities in exhaust gases and lowering their toxicity. The proposal can be used both in internal combustion engines operating on gasoline, diesel fuel and gas, and in various types of burners and heating equipment operating on the principle of burning an air-fuel mixture.

A known method of reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases through the use of selective membranes permeable to oxygen. Examples of the method are a system for separating air supplied to an internal combustion engine [1], [2], a method and apparatus for reducing emissions in exhaust gases [3], a variable oxygen / nitrogen enrichment system for use in internal combustion engines [4], a method and apparatus for reducing emissions during operation of an unheated engine by using oxygen-enriched air [5], a method of reducing exhaust gas toxicity of internal combustion engines [6]. The disadvantages of these methods are the reduction of engine power due to the expenditure of additional energy for pumping air through selective membranes, the need for continuous replacement of the membranes during the development of their resource, as well as a significant structural complication of the engine and exhaust system to create gas recirculation, including the use of exhaust devices for the dimensions of the engine, and its air, fuel and exhaust systems.

Known methods and devices for air ionization for internal combustion engines, which consist in the fact that in the air supplied to the internal combustion engine ignite a gas discharge (corona, smoldering or arc). Examples of these methods and devices are an air ionization system for internal combustion engines [7], an air supply system to an internal combustion engine [8], an engine with an ionization effect for fuel injection engines [9], an exhaust gas purification device [10], a corona discharge device [11], an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine [12], a method for neutralizing exhaust gases and a device for its implementation [13], a method for neutralizing exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by ionizing them in a converter [14], a method for neutralizing exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine and a device for its implementation [15]. The disadvantage of these methods is the burning of oxygen by a gas discharge with the formation of nitrogen oxides before air enters the combustion chamber of the engine, which sharply reduces the efficiency of fuel combustion, as well as the relatively large energy costs that go mainly to create an electric discharge in air, which makes these methods so difficult technically feasible because gas discharges require a voltage of 100 kV, which is practically impossible to use in vehicles.

Known methods of ionizing the air supplied to the internal combustion engine, for the purification of exhaust gases, implemented in devices [16], [17], [18], which consists in the fact that the air supplied to the internal combustion engine is passed through a pipe containing radioactive material that provides radiation alpha radiation to process the air supplied through the pipe. The disadvantage of these methods is the low concentration of negative ions, due to the fact that free electrons resulting from irradiation of air with alpha radiation recombine with the positive ions that arise here and do not form negative air ions. Moreover, radiation exposure does not directly crack air gas molecules, therefore atomic oxygen is not formed, the oxidizing ability of air does not increase, and fuel combustion efficiency does not increase. In addition, when using these methods, knocking out an electron with an alpha particle from an oxygen molecule produces positive oxygen ions, which reduces the oxidizing ability of neutral oxygen molecules.

The closest set of features to the claimed one is a method and apparatus for purifying exhaust gases using alpha radiation [19], which includes treating the air supplied through the engine air manifold with alpha radiation, which converts diatomic oxygen in air into a strong oxidizing agent - oxygen by the splitting of oxygen molecules into monatomic oxygen, as well as hydrogen into monatomic hydrogen, which are supplied to the internal combustion engine in the form of air containing active oxygen, monatomic to oxygen and hydrogen to reduce the toxic content of exhaust gases. The method is implemented in a device comprising a natural radioactive element that emits alpha particles with an emission level of 0.001-0.6 becquerel due to the decay of the radioisotope, while the radioactive element or device including this element is mounted on an air intake manifold, exhaust pipe or fuel hose equipment or engine to remove toxic substances from exhaust gases.

The disadvantage of this method is the low concentration of negative ions due to the rapid recombination of electrons and positive air ions generated during air treatment with alpha radiation. In addition, the radiation power does not allow the dissociation of compounds harmful to human health and the environment contained in the exhaust gases, and to effectively neutralize them. The disadvantages of this method should also include the impossibility of the practical use of natural radioactive elements, because all of them have uncontrolled decay with the emission of gamma radiation, beta radiation and alpha radiation, while gamma and beta radiation have large penetrating power (from several meters to several tens of meters), which is unacceptable according to the requirements of Russian and international radiation standards safety (see Table 1) [20].

Moreover, the effect of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation claimed in this method does not split the molecules into atoms, but knocks electrons out of the molecules, turning the molecules into positive ions, which sharply reduces the combustion efficiency. In order to achieve the decay of molecules into atoms, it is necessary to carry out multi-stage processing of molecules by electrons in order to reach the dissociation energy of a particular gas. So, for example, for carbon monoxide (CO), the required level of dissociation energy is from 7 to 14 eV, depending on the temperature and pressure of the gas. In the above method using natural radioactive material, only the energy of alpha particles is taken into account, although in reality most of the energy is emitted by beta and gamma radiation.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the efficiency of neutralizing toxic impurities in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, simplifying the design of the device and installing it in the dimensions of the internal combustion engine and its systems, which reduces the one-time cost of installing the device in the engine and the cost of its operation.

The problem is solved by achieving the following technical results: creating a high controlled concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air supplied to the carburetor or fuel pump of internal combustion engines to increase the efficiency of fuel combustion in the internal combustion engine due to the greater oxidizing ability of air, which will reduce the content of harmful impurities in exhaust gases; dissociation of toxic compounds contained in the exhaust gases to an atomic state, increasing the concentration of negative oxygen ions in the exhaust gases to prevent the re-formation of toxic compounds and to provide physico-chemical reactions that prevent the re-formation of harmful compounds and the enrichment of exhaust gases with ionized oxygen.

These technical results are achieved due to the fact that the air supplied through the air pipe / engine manifold in the area from the air filter or, depending on the engine device, gas distribution device to the carburetor or fuel pump, and the exhaust gases in the exhaust pipe are treated with an alpha stream -particles, and after processing they neutralize positive ions in the air supplied to the internal combustion engine through an air collector while enriching Ear negative oxygen ions. The alpha particle energy for exhaust gas treatment is chosen so as to ensure the dissociation of nitrogen oxides (NO _x ), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (H _n C _m ) when the exhaust gases pass through the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine, and in order to prevent repeated the formation of harmful compounds at the same time enrich the exhaust gases with negative oxygen ions.

In addition, they neutralize the positive ions contained in the air supplied through the air duct to the engine, restoring them to the surface of the electrode with negative electric potential. In this case, in order to form negative oxygen ions, the energy of free electrons contained in the air supplied through the air pipe to the engine is regulated by exposure to an electric field parallel to the air flow velocity, so that the electron energy is in the range from 0.4 to 2.0 eV to provide energy capture, sticking and affinity energy of an oxygen atom to an electron.

In addition, by controlling the energy of free electrons, the concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air supplied to the carburetor or fuel pump of the internal combustion engine is provided, at least 2 · 10 ⁸ cm ^-3 with a unipolarity coefficient in the range of 0.7 - 1.0.

Reducing toxic emissions is provided by increasing the efficiency of fuel combustion in an internal combustion engine, which in turn is ensured by the fact that air enriched with a large number of negative oxygen ions is supplied to a carburetor or fuel pump of an internal combustion engine. Negative oxygen ions are a stronger oxidizing agent compared to molecular, neutral oxygen O ₂ , which leads to an increase in the oxidation efficiency of fuel hydrocarbons and, accordingly, an increase in its combustion efficiency. At the same time, increasing the efficiency of fuel combustion is determined by the fact that the fuel is burned more fully, which leads to a significant reduction in the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of the engine. A significant increase in the efficiency of fuel combustion and, consequently, a decrease in the content of toxic emissions is achieved by providing a high concentration of negative oxygen ions of at least 2 · 10 ⁸ cm ^-3 with a unipolarity coefficient tending to 0 in the air supplied to the carburetor or fuel pump of the internal engine combustion.

The specified concentration of negative ions of oxygen in the air is provided as follows. First, the air taken from the atmosphere and passed through the air filter in the section of the air pipe from the air filter or gas distribution unit, taking into account its adjustment to the carburetor or fuel pump, is treated with a stream of alpha particles, causing shock ionization of air molecules with the formation of positive ions and free electrons. Free electrons pass through a grid electrode to achieve energies of 0.4–2 eV (the range of energies in which are the capture, adherence, and affinity energies of the oxygen atom to the electron). Negative air oxygen ions are formed when free electrons adhere to neutral molecules and oxygen atoms, provided that the energy of free electrons is in the range of 0.4 ... 2.0 eV in accordance with formula (1):

where O ₂ is diatomic oxygen;

e ^- is an electron;

O ₂ ^- is the negative ion of the diatomic oxygen molecule;

O is atomic oxygen;

O ^- - negative ion of atomic oxygen.

To maintain a high concentration of free electrons, it is necessary to prevent their recombination with positive ions and sedimentation on the details of the air pipeline. Positive ions are reduced on an electrode made in the form of a conductive grid through which ionized air is passed. To do this, the negative electric potential is maintained on the grid using a constant current source. The negative potential of the charged grid, which regulates the energy of electrons, allows them to effectively interact with atmospheric oxygen with the formation of negative ions.

The resulting negative oxygen ions entering the engine provide a more complete combustion of the fuel, which reduces the content of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases, especially nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.

When fuel is burned in the engine cylinder, exhaust (exhaust) gases are formed, consisting mainly of compounds harmful to human health and the environment, such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (H _n C _m ) and nitrogen oxides (NO _x ), including nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂ ), as well as small amounts of carbon dioxide, sulfur and lead compounds. The neutralization of these harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines is ensured by the dissociation of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust system of the engine exhaust to compounds that are harmless to humans and the environment. Dissociation is carried out by electron impact of molecules of nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (H _n C _m ) with their transition to an excited state at the level of an unstable excited state (7-15 eV) in accordance with the formulas below (2) , (3) and (4):

where NO ₂ is nitrogen dioxide;

E is the electron impact energy;

NO - nitric oxide;

O is atomic oxygen.

where CO is carbon monoxide;

E is the electron impact energy;

O is atomic oxygen;

NS - hydrocarbon compound;

C is carbon.

In order to dissociate nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, the energy of the alpha particle source is selected so that, in interaction with the electric field created by the electrode in the form of a conducting grid, a cloud of free electrons with an energy in the range of 7-15 eV is generated, which causes an excited state molecules of harmful impurities and their dissociation in the exhaust gases of the engine.

The proposed method can be implemented using a device consisting of an air pipeline for supplying air to an internal combustion engine, in which an ionization chamber with at least one alpha particle source installed in it is placed in the area between the air filter or gas distribution device and the engine radiation efficiency of at least 10.2 becquerels ⁸ and piping for discharging engine exhaust gas, wherein the dissociation chamber is placed with the installed therein, at least one of IP regular enrollment alpha particle radiation efficiency of at least 2-10 ⁸ becquerels. Moreover, if several sources of alpha particles are used, they are placed on both sides of at least one insert installed inside the ionization chamber of the air pipe for supplying air to the engine, and at least one insert installed in the dissociation chamber, placed in the resonator or silencer of the engine exhaust system.

In addition, the distance between the sources of alpha particles and the walls of the chambers of ionization and dissociation in the direction transverse to the flow of air and exhaust gases does not exceed the mean free path in air of alpha particles emitted by sources of alpha particles.

In addition, the walls of the ionization and dissociation chambers and inserts are made of non-conductive material.

In addition, the inserts are provided with recesses in which sources of alpha particles are installed, and their depth is not less than 2 mm greater than the thickness of the source of alpha particles. Moreover, the depth of the recesses in the inserts is chosen in such a way as to obtain such alpha-particle energy as is necessary to give excitation energy to free electrons in order to dissociate molecules of harmful exhaust impurities.

In addition, the length of the source of alpha particles mounted on a plate mounted in an ionization chamber placed in the pipeline for supplying air to the engine is at least 60 mm.

In addition, the length of the source of alpha particles mounted on a plate mounted in an ionization chamber placed in the pipeline for exhaust gas from the engine is at least 60 mm.

A device is also proposed in which at least one electrode made in the form of a conductive grid located behind a source of alpha particles along the air flow in an air duct for supplying air to the engine and an exhaust gas duct for the engine is additionally placed air duct and exhaust gas in the exhaust system of the engine, across the air flow in the air duct and exhaust gas in the exhaust system, and connected to the negative terminal of the source of constant o voltage, the positive terminal of which is grounded.

In addition, the DC voltage source is a voltage multiplier-rectifier with an input voltage of 12 V supplied from the automobile generator and an output constant voltage in the range of 0.2 ... 1.0 kV.

In addition, the distance between the electrode closest to each other for the recovery of positive ions and the conservation of free electrons and the source of alpha particles is at least 1 / 6h, where h is the size of the mesh cell from which the electrode is made, but not more than 20 mm.

The placement after the source (sources) of alpha particles along the flow of air and exhaust gases, at least one electrode made in the form of a conductive grid located across the air flow in the air pipe and exhaust gases in the exhaust system connected to the negative terminal a constant voltage source, the positive terminal of which is grounded, ensures the neutralization of positive ions contained in the air supplied to the engine and exhaust gases, by restoring them to azannom electrode, as well as regulation of energy of free electrons contained in the air supplied to the engine, and the exhaust gases to values determined by the magnitude of the negative potential on the grid and the distance to the nearest thereto a source of alpha particles.

Placing the electrode and the source of alpha particles closest to each other at a distance of not less than 1 / 6h, where h is the grid cell size, but not more than 20 mm, ensures the distribution of electrons over velocities with an average energy ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 eV in an ionization chamber placed in an air pipeline, which provides a high probability of capture and attachment of electrons to oxygen molecules with the affinity of the oxygen atom to the electron with the formation of negative oxygen ions, and the energy of free electrons in the range of 7-15 eV after passage dissociation chamber, placed in the resonator or engine exhaust system muffler.

The device uses sources of alpha particles, which must be manufactured and certified according to GOST R51873-2002 (Closed radionuclide sources of ionizing radiation. General technical requirements).

The mean free path of alpha particles in air depends on their energy, determined by the radioactive isotope used in the source, and is several centimeters. This value is known and is determined from the tables. For example, for the isotope P _{239, the} maximum energy of the alpha particles emitted by it is 5.1 MeV, and the average mean free path of alpha particles in air is 50 mm. The distance between the plates and the walls of the chamber should not exceed the mean free path of alpha particles, since otherwise part of the air or exhaust gases will not be treated with alpha particles.

The distance between the electrode closest to each other for the recovery of positive ions and the conservation of free electrons and the alpha particle source is chosen to be at least 1 / 6h, where h is the size of the mesh cell from which the electrode is made, but not more than 20 mm. This is due to the time to bring the energy of the electrons in the air pipeline after passing through the ionization chamber to the required range of 0.4-2 eV, to prevent their recombination with positive ions and to pass the electrons through the electrode in the form of a network of conductive material.

The above ranges of the output voltage of DC voltage sources are determined empirically and allows you to choose the optimal mode of operation of the device for these geometric dimensions and flow rates of air and exhaust gases. Since the input voltage does not exceed 12 V, simplicity of manufacture and operation of the device due to the use of a car generator is ensured, which allows the method and device to be used in vehicles without connecting to a stationary voltage source.

The essence of the proposed method and device and an example of industrial application is illustrated in Fig.1, Fig.2 and Fig.3. Air is supplied to the internal combustion engine 1 (see FIG. 1) through the pipe of the air manifold 2, an air purification system with an air filter 3, and, depending on the type of engine and car, a gas distribution device 4. Between the air purification system 3 and the carburetor or fuel the motor pump 1 is placed ionization ionization chamber 9. The chamber 9 can be formed as a length of the air manifold and installed directly after the air filter, or the timing device (variant 9: ₁₎ By direct or tween before the carburetor or fuel pump (Embodiment 9 _2). Fuel is supplied to the engine through the fuel supply system 5. The exhaust gases are removed through an exhaust system consisting of a resonator 6, a muffler 7, an exhaust pipe 8. A chamber for dissociation of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of the engine 10 is either placed in a muffler (option 10 ₁ ), or resonator (option 10 ₂ ).

Air 11 is supplied to the ionization chamber 9 (see FIG. 2), which is subjected to a stream of alpha particles 17 emitted by a plate 13 coated with a radioactive isotope emitting alpha particles and manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST R51873-2002 (Sources of ionizing closed radionuclide emissions. General technical requirements). The length of the plate 13 is at least 60 mm, which corresponds to the technical conditions of the above GOST. The plate 13 is mounted in the grooves of the strap 12 to fix the position of the source of alpha particles in the oxygen ionization chamber of air. An electrode 14 is also placed in the ionization chamber 9, made in the form of a conductive grid connected to the negative terminal of a constant voltage source 15, the positive terminal of which is grounded, and the cell size is h. The electrode 14 is fixed in the required position by a dielectric clamping ring 19. In general, the ionization chamber 9 is made in the form of an insert 18 into the air collector. Air 16, enriched with negative oxygen ions, enters the internal combustion engine.

The dissociation chamber 10 for neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines is placed in the muffler 7 or resonator 6. The exhaust gases 20 entering the muffler or resonator from the internal combustion engine are processed by alpha particles 23 emitted by the plates 22 installed in the insert 24 after which the exhaust gases 21, in which harmful impurities are neutralized, are emitted into the atmosphere. The electrode 25 in the form of a conductive grid with a cell size h is connected to a constant voltage source 26 and fixed at the required distance from the alpha particle source by two dielectric holder rings 27.

The device operates as follows. Air 11 enters the air intake manifold and enters the ionization chamber 9, where it is processed by a stream of alpha particles 17 emitted by the source 13. As a result of the treatment, positive ions and free electrons are formed in the air. Further, air passes through the electrode 14, on which positive ions are restored, receiving the missing electrons from the mesh electrode. Also in the electric field of the grid, the energy of free electrons in the air is brought to energies lying in the range 0.4 ... 2.0 eV. Free electrons adhere to oxygen molecules having an electron affinity and are captured by them to form negative oxygen ions. As a result, a high concentration of negative oxygen ions is created in the air, which have a high oxidizing effect with respect to fuel.

Fine tuning of the device to achieve the highest efficiency of fuel combustion and neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gas is achieved by selecting the output voltages of the electrode power sources and separately controlling the alpha-particle energy both in the ionization chamber placed in the engine air supply system and in the exhaust gas system .

There is experience in preliminary pilot tests of the inventive method and device on a 2003 GAZ 3110 vehicle with relevant documentation on the analysis of fuel consumption, exhaust gas composition, engine fuel consumption, air consumption, injection time, engine temperature, carbon monoxide content, CH, carbon dioxide , oxygen, coefficient λ depending on engine load (idle and under load), determined using a Bosch four-position gas analyzer. For testing, a device was made in the form of two chambers, one of which was an ionization chamber, installed in the air manifold of the internal combustion engine of the GAZ 3110 car (item 9 ₂ , Fig. 1), and the other was a chamber for dissociation of harmful impurities (СО, CO ₂ ) in the resonator of the exhaust system of the car (item 10 ₂ , Figure 1). Plates with a source of alpha particles manufactured in accordance with GOST R51873-2002 (Closed radionuclide sources of ionizing radiation. General technical requirements) and electrodes in the form of a conductive grid were placed in the chambers. The outer diameter of the dielectric ring (p. 18, Fig. 2) for installing plates with a source of alpha particles and a mesh electrode was equal to the inner diameter of the air collector for the first chamber and the inner diameter of the resonator of the exhaust system for the second chamber. The tests were carried out at engine speeds of 840, 1500 and 3000 rpm. Measurements showed a significant reduction in emissions of CH and CO in the rev range from 840 to 3000 rpm.

Literature

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Claims (14)

1. A method of neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, which consists in treating the air supplied through the engine’s intake pipe in a section from the air filter or gas distribution device to the carburetor or fuel pump, and simultaneously with another alpha stream -particles treat the exhaust gases in the exhaust pipe, characterized in that after processing the feed to the internal combustion engine through air The second air collector with alpha particles reduces positive air ions, enriches the air with negative oxygen ions, and the alpha particle energy for exhaust gas treatment is chosen so as to ensure the dissociation of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons by electron impact when the exhaust gases pass through the exhaust system of the internal engine combustion, while enriching the exhaust gases with negative oxygen ions. 2. The method of neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the positive ions contained in the air supplied through the intake pipe to the engine are neutralized, restoring them on the surface of the electrode with negative electric potential. 3. The method of neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that they form negative oxygen ions in the air supplied to the engine by controlling the energy of free electrons contained in the air supplied through the air collector to the engine by exposure electric field parallel to the speed of the air flow, so that the electron energy is in the range from 0.4 to 2.0 eV. 4. The method of neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that by controlling the energy of free electrons, the concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air supplied to the internal combustion engine is at least 2 · 10 ⁸ cm ^-3 . 5. The method of neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy of the electrons obtained by processing the alpha particles of the exhaust gases as they pass through the ionization chamber in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine is provided in the range from 7 to 15 eV by the action of an electric field parallel to the exhaust gas flow rate. 6. A device for neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, consisting of an air pipe for supplying air to an internal combustion engine, in which an ionization chamber is placed in the area between the air filter or gas distribution device and the carburetor or fuel pump with at least one source of alpha particles, and a pipeline for exhausting engine exhaust gases, in which a dissociation chamber with at least Herein, one source of alpha particles, characterized in that the sources of alpha particles are arranged so that all air supplied to the engine passes through the zone of treatment with alpha particles in the ionization chamber placed in the duct, and through the zone of treatment with alpha particles all the exhaust gases passed through the dissociation chamber placed in the pipeline of the exhaust system. 7. The device for neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 6, characterized in that the distance between the sources of alpha particles and the walls of the ionization and dissociation chambers does not exceed the mean free path in air of alpha particles emitted by sources of alpha particles. 8. The device for neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 6, characterized in that the walls of the ionization and dissociation chambers and plates are made of non-conductive material. 9. The device for neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 6, characterized in that the plates are provided with recesses in which sources of alpha particles are installed, and their depth is at least 2 mm greater than the thickness of the source of alpha particles. 10. The device for neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 6, characterized in that the recess in the insert for installing the source (s) of alpha particles in the ionization chamber placed in the air collector is the amount necessary to obtain alpha particles with such energy that is necessary to provide the energy of electrons knocked out of the molecules at the level of electron energy, providing oxygen ionization in the range of 0.4-2 eV. 11. The device for neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 6, characterized in that the recess in the insert for installing sources of alpha particles in the dissociation chamber placed in the exhaust system of exhaust gases is the amount necessary to obtain alpha particles with such energy that is needed to provide the energy of electrons ejected from the molecular level to molecular dissociation energy of harmful impurities, namely nitrogen oxides (NO _x), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (H _n C _m), flue in tavshih gases in the range of 7-15 eV. 12. A device for neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, consisting of an air intake pipe for supplying air to an internal combustion engine, in which an ionization chamber with at least one alpha source installed in it is placed between the air filter and the engine particles, and a pipeline for exhausting engine exhaust gases, in which a dissociation chamber is installed with at least one source of alpha particles installed in it, characterized in that in at least one electrode made in the form of a conductive grid located behind the source of alpha particles along the flow of air or exhaust gases, respectively, across the flow, respectively, for supplying air to the engine and to the exhaust gas exhaust pipe air or exhaust gases, while each of the electrodes is connected to the negative terminal of its constant voltage source, the positive terminal of which is grounded. 13. The neutralization device for harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that the constant voltage source is a voltage rectifier-multiplier with an input voltage of 12 V supplied from a car generator and an output constant voltage of 0, 2 ... 1.0 kV. 14. The device for neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that the distance between the electrode closest to each other and the source of alpha particles is at least 1 / 6h, where h is the size of the mesh cell from which it is made electrode, but not more than 20 mm.

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