RU2320541C1 - Method for purifying of natural water (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processes for purifying of natural surface water taken from regulated basins, as well as rivers with low muddiness and color, for further usage in domestic and sweet water supplying means using reactants.

SUBSTANCE: method involves treating water with aluminum oxychloride; providing volumetric coagulation; clarification; filtering; feeding pure water to consumer; feeding water to be purified into reservoir-leveler; removing sediment from reservoir-leveler as it is accumulated therein; according to first version, directing water to be purified from reservoir-leveler into special additional mixer for treatment with aluminum oxychloride; performing volumetric coagulation and clarification procedures in horizontal settler singled out from block of main constructions; filtering water to be purified on fast filters of main constructions; according to second version, performing volumetric coagulation, clarification and filtration in singled out horizontal settler and singled out fast filter of main constructions; washing singled out fast filter; directing secondary water into reservoir-leveler for water to be purified; according to third version, directing purified water into purified water reservoir and further for washing of fast main filters of main and singled out constructions.

EFFECT: improved quality of water purification so as to provide water quality approximating sweet water quality in regulated water sources.

4 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of water purification, reagent methods for purifying natural surface waters for drinking water in regulated reservoirs, as well as for rivers with low turbidity and color.

A known method of purification of natural water (Zhurba MG, Sokolov LI, Govorova Zh.M. Water supply. Design of systems and structures. T.II Purification and conditioning of natural waters. M: Association of construction universities, 2005, p. 438, Fig. 17.9), including the capture of floating impurities located in a pond, the treatment of water with a reagent, contact clarification, the supply of purified water to the consumer, the supply of contact clarification wash water to a periodic wash tank with an integrated sand trap, and the supply of purified wash water to goals facilities and the accumulation of sediment in the settling tank flushing water in the direction of its further processing.

The closest in technical essence is the method of purification of wash water (Zhurba MG, Sokolov LI, Govorova Zh.M. Water supply. Design of systems and structures. T.II Purification and conditioning of natural waters. M: Association of construction universities , 2005, p. 438, Fig. 17.8), which consists in treating the source water at the main facilities, including reagent water treatment, volume coagulation, clarification, filtering, supplying clean water to the consumer, flushing water supply to the averaging tank, sediment removal as it accumulates from re ervuara-averager, averaged flow of washing water in the process head.

The disadvantage of the analogue is not always the high quality of drinking water due to seasonal instability in the efficiency of work (since the one-stage scheme is not effective enough during the flood and autumn periods, as well as during the intensive development of plankton). The negative side of the analogue is also the insufficient safety from the epidemiological point of view of the resulting microbial and parasitological indicators obtained from drinking water purification according to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01, such as spores of sulfite-reducing clustridia, cysts, giardia, etc.

Common disadvantages of the analogue and prototype are:

- the impossibility without the deterioration of the quality of the treatment to utilize the washings of the filtering facilities by returning them to the “head unit”, as a result of which almost everywhere from 5 to 8% (of the stations' capacity) of the polluted waters are daily discharged into the water source, thereby worsening its environmental condition;

- the impossibility without disrupting the operation of the main facilities when supplying highly concentrated wash water to the head of the process of joint treatment of river and wash water, significantly different in qualitative and quantitative composition;

- increased number of prepared and dosed reagents due to increased mud load on the main facilities;

- the need for the construction of a special complex of facilities for the treatment of washing water;

- increase in operating costs for water treatment (electricity, increase in the number of workers, additional costs for the purchase of reagent).

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of treatment of wash water to the quality of drinking water at regulated sources.

The objective of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of purification of natural water, which consists in treating the source water at the main facilities, including treating the water with a reagent, volumetric coagulation, clarification, filtering, supplying clean water to the consumer, supplying washing water to the averaging tank, removing sediment by as it accumulates from the averaging tank, according to the invention, the washing water from the averaging tank is sent to a special additional mixer for processing with aluminum oxychloride, and coagulation and clarification are carried out in a horizontal sump separated from the block of main structures, then the washing water is filtered on the quick filters of the main structures and clean water is sent to the consumer.

The task, according to the second embodiment of the invention, is achieved by the fact that in the method of purifying natural water, which consists in treating the source water at the main facilities, including treating the water with a reagent, volumetric coagulation, clarification, filtering, supplying clean water to the consumer, supplying washing water to the tank the averager, the removal of sediment as it accumulates from the averaging tank, according to the invention, the wash water from the averaging tank is sent to a special mixer for processing aluminum oxychloride Ia and bulk coagulation, clarification and filtration of the wash water is carried on the dedicated clarifier and a horizontal filter soon basic structures, and the purified washing water is sent to the consumer, secondary washings after washing dedicated fast filter is directed into the reservoir averager wash water.

The task, according to the third embodiment of the invention, is achieved by the fact that in the method of purification of natural water, which consists in treating the source water at the main facilities, including treating the water with a reagent, volumetric coagulation, clarification, filtering, supplying clean water to the consumer, supplying washing water to the tank the averager, removing the precipitate as it accumulates from the averaging tank, according to the invention, the washing water from the averaging tank is sent to a special mixer for processing aluminum oxychloride Nia and bulk coagulation, clarification and filtration of the wash water is carried on the dedicated clarifier and near horizontal main filter structures, secondary washings after washing dedicated fast filter is directed into the reservoir averager wash water.

This method makes it possible to process the wash water to the quality of drinking water using a special dedicated unit from the main facilities without additional special facilities for the treatment of wash water. The proposed method can be implemented using the technological scheme depicted

figure 1 - according to the 1st variant of the method;

figure 2 - according to the 2nd variant of the method;

figure 3 - according to the 3rd variant of the method.

The technological scheme of figure 1 contains:

1 - feed water supply line;

2 - mixer;

3 - horizontal sump;

4 - fast filter;

5 - line drainage of purified water;

6 - averaging tank;

7 - line for supplying wash water to the averaging tank;

7a - line supply of secondary wash water to the tank-averager;

8 - pump for supplying washing water to the facilities for their treatment;

9 - wash water mixer;

10 - horizontal sump wash water;

11 - line for supplying clarified water to the pipeline in front of natural water purification filters;

12 - line removal of sediment for processing.

The technological scheme in figure 2 contains:

1 - feed water supply line;

2 - mixer;

3 - horizontal sump;

4 - fast filter;

5 - line drainage of purified water;

6 - averaging tank;

7 - line for supplying wash water to the averaging tank;

7a - line supply of secondary wash water to the tank-averager;

8 - pump for supplying washing water to the facilities for their treatment;

9 - wash water mixer;

10 - horizontal sump wash water;

12 - line removal of sediment for processing;

13 - fast filter washing water treatment;

14 is a supply line of purified wash water to the consumer.

The technological scheme in Fig.Z contains:

1 - feed water supply line;

2 - mixer;

3 - horizontal sump;

4 - fast filter;

5 - line drainage of purified water;

6 - averaging tank;

7 - line for supplying wash water to the averaging tank;

7a - line supply of secondary wash water to the tank-averager;

8 - pump for supplying washing water to the facilities for their treatment;

9 - wash water mixer;

10 - horizontal sump wash water;

12 - line removal of sediment for processing;

13 - fast filter washing water treatment;

15 is a line for supplying purified wash water to a tank of purified wash water;

16 - a tank of purified wash water;

17 - pump for the supply of purified wash water for washing quick filters of the main and allocated facilities.

Natural surface water, characterized by low turbidity and low color (Fig. 1), is fed through line 1 to the main structures, including mixer 2, where the treated water is mixed with the reagent aluminum oxychloride. Next, the water enters the horizontal sump 3, where coagulation occurs in the volume and clarification of the water. Then the water enters the quick filters 4, where it is filtered in the direction from top to bottom through the loading of albitofir with a particle diameter of 2.5-0.8 mm with a filtration speed of 5-9 m / h. The filtered water after the filters is disinfected with chlorine and sent to the consumer 5. The washing water after washing the quick filters 4, sumps 2, mixers 2 is fed through line 7 to the averaging tank 6, from where it is pumped to mixer 9 to mix the treated wash water using pump 8 with aluminum oxychloride. After this, the water enters the sump 10 isolated from the main structures, where coagulation in volume and clarification takes place. Next, the settled washing water through line 11 is sent to the quick filters of the main structures 4, after which it is disinfected and sent to the consumer 5. As the sediment accumulates in the averaging tank, it is sent to further processing 12. Secondary washing water from the separated sump 10 and mixer 9 by lines 7a are sent to the wash water averaging tank 6.

According to the second embodiment, the water treatment operation (Fig. 2) is carried out as in option 1, including the operation of supplying washing water via line 7 to the averaging tank 6, from where it is fed to the mixer 9 by means of a pump 8 to mix the treated washing water with aluminum oxychloride. Next, the water enters the sump 10 isolated from the main structures, where coagulation in volume and clarification takes place, then to the dedicated quick filter 13 for filtering water. The purified water after the filters 13 through line 14 is sent to disinfection and then to consumer 5. As the sediment accumulates in the averaging tank, it is sent to further processing 12. Secondary wash water from the dedicated quick filter 13, sump 10 and mixer 9 along line 7a is sent to wash water averaging tank 6.

According to the third embodiment, the water treatment operation (Fig. 3) is carried out as in option 2, including the operation of supplying the settled and clarified water to the dedicated quick filter 13 for filtering water. Next, the purified water through line 15 enters the tank of cleaned wash water 16, subsequently, using a pump 17, the cleaned wash water is sent to flush the main 4 and dedicated 13 fast filters. As the sediment accumulates in the averaging tank, it is sent for further processing 12. Secondary washing water from the selected quick filter 13, sump 10 and mixer 9 along line 7a is sent to the washing water averaging tank 6.

The chemical and bacteriological indicators of the source river water, purified water for supply to the consumer, washing water after the separated sump, purified washing water after the allocated quick filter and water quality indicators required by SanPiN are shown in the table.

As can be seen from the table, the chemical composition of the wash water purified according to the variants of the invention meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.141074-01 "Drinking water ..." (column No. 7 and No. 5 of the table).

The data in the table were obtained during the most unstable period of operation of the facilities - spring flood, characterized by low water temperatures and the maximum amount of suspended particles in the source.

The advantages of the invention in comparison with the known are:

- the possibility, without deterioration of the quality of drinking water, to utilize the wash water by treating it to the quality of drinking water in the allocated block of the main facilities and return it to the consumer, as a result of which the discharge of contaminated water into the water source is excluded;

- reduction of water consumption for own needs by 6-8% due to the return of treated wash water to the consumer;

- reduction in the number of prepared and dosed reagents due to a decrease in the mud load on the main structures;

- elimination of the need for the construction of a special complex of facilities, including reagent farm and other facilities for the treatment of wash water;

- reduction of operating costs for the preparation of drinking water (increase in the number of working personnel, additional costs for the purchase of reagent, etc.) and a decrease in the cost of the produced water.

Table Quality indicators Units of measurement River Network Standards SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 "Drinking water" Rinse water (after a dedicated sump) Purified wash water (after a dedicated quick filter) one 2 3 four 5 6 7 Samples take off 05/17/2006 microbiological indicators The number of microorganisms in 1 ml (TMP) U / ml 180 one No more than 50 0 0 Common coliform bacteria The number of bacteria in 100 ml 10 but Lack of but but Thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria The number of bacteria in 100 ml 6 but Lack of but but Organoleptic indicators Turbidity (kaolin) Mg / L 35.8 0.26 1,5 16.7 0.26 Color Hail. twenty 5 twenty 10 10 Smell Score 1/1 1/1 2 1/1 1/1 Taste, Taste Score - 0 2 - 0 Temperature ° C +2.7 +3 - +4.5 +4.5 Generalized indicators Hydrogen indicator pH 7.79 7.42 6-9 7.42 7.82 Dry residue Mg / L 112.5 100.9 1000 150.2 149.1 Total hardness Mg-eq / L 1.9 1.8 7 2.35 2.75 Alkalinity Mg-eq / L 1.9 1,5 - 2,5 2,4 Oxidizability Mg / L 4.03 1.73 5 5.18 3.78 Calcium Mg / L 27.45 26,4 - 24.05 36.07 Magnesium Mg / L 6.44 5.84 - 13.98 11.55 BPK-5 2.17 - - 3.12 - Weigh. substance Mg / L 41 - - 17.9 - Dissolved oxygen Mg / L 9.17 10.66 - 11.52 11.76 Inorganic substances Iron Mg / L 0.65 <0.1 0.3 1.16 0,069 Copper Mg / L <0.002 <0.002 one 0.002 <0.002 Lead Mg / L <0.005 <0.005 0,03 <0.005 <0.005 Fluorine Mg / L 0.1 <0.1 1,5 0.06 0,07 Aluminum Mg / L 0.26 <0.1 0.5 1.47 but Sulphates Mg / L 10.28 1134 500 6.12 8.82 Chlorides Mg / L 3.43 7.84 350 14.21 14.21 Ammonia Mg / L 0.2 but 2 0.52 0.29 Nitrite Mg / L 0,023 <0.003 3 0.004 0.008 Nitrates Mg / L 2.54 2.44

Claims (3)

1. The method of purification of natural water, which consists in processing the source water at the main facilities, including the treatment of water with a reagent, volumetric coagulation, clarification, filtering, supplying clean water to the consumer, supplying washing water to the averaging tank, removing sediment as it accumulates from the tank - averager, characterized in that the wash water from the averaging tank is sent to a special additional mixer for processing with aluminum oxychloride, and volumetric coagulation and clarification is carried out in isolated from bl Single core structures horizontal settler more washing water is filtered at the fundamental structures rapid filters and clean water is sent to the consumer. 2. The method of purification of natural water, which consists in processing the source water at the main facilities, including the treatment of water with a reagent, volumetric coagulation, clarification, filtering, supplying clean water to the consumer, supplying washing water to the averaging tank, removing sediment as it accumulates from the tank - averager, characterized in that the wash water from the averaging tank is sent to a special additional mixer for processing aluminum oxychloride, and volumetric coagulation, clarification and filtration of the wash water rovodyat on the selected and highlighted horizontal decanter soon filter core structures, and the purified washing water is sent to the consumer, secondary washings after washing dedicated fast filter is directed into the reservoir - averager wash water. 3. The method of purification of natural water, which consists in processing the source water at the main facilities, including the treatment of water with a reagent, volumetric coagulation, clarification, filtering, supplying clean water to the consumer, supplying washing water to the averaging tank, removing sediment as it accumulates from the tank - averager, characterized in that the wash water from the averaging tank is sent to a special additional mixer for processing with aluminum oxychloride, and volumetric coagulation, clarification and filtering of the wash water We carry out on the selected horizontal sedimentation tank and the dedicated quick filter of the main facilities, the cleaned wash water is sent to the treated wastewater tank and then to the quick filter flush of the main and dedicated facilities, the secondary wash water after washing the dedicated quick filter is sent to the wash water averaging tank.

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