RU2316978C2 - Dry form of biologically active food supplement based on artemia salina maxillopod cysts (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, food processing industry, cosmetics, bioactive food supplement.

SUBSTANCE: Claimed dry additive contains cysts of Artemia salina maxillopod. Said cysts have particle size of at most 20 mum and contain at most 5 % of moisture. In one embodiment dry form represents tablet, wherein tablet is performed ad monolith solid body from Artemia salina maxillopod cysts. Also dry form of bioactive supplement may by represented in form of hollow capsule filled with powdered Artemia salina maxillopod cysts or in form of gasproof pack with powdered Artemia salina maxillopod cysts under vacuum.

EFFECT: biologically active food supplement of improved bioavailability.

5 cl, 3 dwg, 7 tbl

Description

The invention relates to biologically active food additives and can be used in the food industry and medicine.

Known antiproliferative agent based on an aqueous or alcoholic extract of eggs (cysts) of crustaceans Artemia salina, which can be used in liquid form or freeze-dried (Application for US patent No. 200720071878, IPC A61K 35/78, 35/12, publ. 13.06.2002 g .). The tool is proposed to be used in medicine and cosmetics for the treatment and prevention of skin diseases.

The disadvantage of the above analogues is that when receiving the extract from adult individuals or eggs (cysts) of crustaceans Artemia salina, a significant part of useful substances is lost, for example vitamins, organic acids, essential amino acids, as well as such a useful product as chitin, which reduces the biological properties of the drug .

The closest technical solution (prototype) is the use of whole eggs of the gill leg Artemia salmon (Artemia Salina (L)) in the form of dry powder as a feed additive for birds, as well as a feed additive, which use whole eggs of the gill leg gem Artemia (Artemia Salina ( L)) in the form of a dry powder (up to 10-15 wt.%) With the addition of grain or other feed (up to 100 wt.%) Used for feeding laying hens (RF Patent No. 2158519, IPC A23K 1/16, 1 / 00; published on November 10, 2000).

However, whole brine shrimp eggs are covered with a chitinous membrane and can be absorbed only by the body of birds, which grind this product in the corresponding section of the alimentary canal. Using whole Artemia eggs as a dietary supplement in a person’s diet or as a component of a medicinal, cosmetic, or balneotherapy drug is inefficient due to the poor digestibility of whole Artemia cysts in this form.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a more digestible (bioavailable) biologically active additive for use in food based on cysts (eggs) of Artemia salina crustacean.

The indicated technical result is achieved in that the dry form of a biologically active food supplement based on Artemia salina cyst is characterized by the content of Artemia cyst in a crushed form to a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of not more than 5.0 wt.%.

The dry form of the biologically active food supplement based on Artemia salina cyst is a tablet made in the form of a monolithic disk-shaped solid made of Artemia cyst powder, or a cylindrical hollow, detachable capsule filled with Artemia cyst powder, or a gas-tight bag filled with cyst powder Artemia under vacuum. The tablet further comprises starch of at least 10.0 wt.% Or additionally contains starch and lactose in a ratio of 2: 1 in an amount of at least 15 wt.%.

The detachable hollow capsule is made of material melting under the influence of body temperature, for example, gelatin.

The technical result is confirmed by the following arguments. The diameter of the particles obtained by grinding is less than 20 microns. As a result of such processing, the mechanochemical activation of the material occurs and its physicochemical properties change. The abrasive component of this mixture (chitinous shell) allows you to achieve a uniform distribution of destructive forces ("impact") applied to the destructible material from cysts in a vortex mill. An admixture of a natural sorbent (chitin) from the cyst shell is a dry source of water molecules, which allows one to simultaneously provide quasi-hydrothermal soft grinding conditions and prevent local overheating and the formation of peroxide and radical products in the reaction mixture.

The bioavailability (digestibility) of useful substances (vitamins, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, trace elements) contained in the product (preparation) is determined by the degree of assimilation (absorption) of these substances by the body through the gastrointestinal tract. Various factors can influence the bioavailability of substances, in particular the dissolution rate of these substances. It is known that the dissolution rate of substances contained in the particles of a product (preparation) increases with increasing surface area, i.e. with a decrease in particle size. Thus, the particle size of the powdery product obtained by the proposed technology, not more than 20 microns, provides high bioavailability of nutrients and the digestibility of the powdery product (BAA).

Studies have shown that Artemia cysts (eggs) contain up to 60.5% protein, 10-15% fat and 3.2 to 4.5 mg.% Carotenoids. The average calorie content of 1 g of dry brine shrimp eggs is 4.2-5.2 kilocalories. In the amino acid composition of Artemia eggs, the presence of 17 free amino acids, including essential ones, was determined. It should be noted that both the amino acid and quantitative composition of protein, fats, and carotenoids can fluctuate depending on the reservoir of production. However, the special value of Artemia eggs as a dietary supplement follows from the following: high growth rate of crustacean, high degree of food use for weight gain (up to 50%), high content of carotenoids and protein with a significant level of essential amino acids, high fertility (100 offspring 4 days), the presence of reproductive hormones that stimulate the maturation of organisms. In addition, crushed chitin, which is part of a biologically active additive, has useful properties of the sorbent.

Figure 1 shows a tablet form of the drug in the context. Figure 2 presents the encapsulated form of the drug. Figure 3 shows a diagram of a package with a powder form of the drug.

Technology for biologically active additives

Eggs (cysts) of crustaceans Artemia salina are obtained in lakes of Western Siberia, repeatedly washed in fresh water from impurities, salts and low-quality eggs. The wet product is dried in an air stream with a moisture content of not more than 5 wt.% At a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C. Next, the powder is ground in a vortex mill, developed by the company Vortex Technologies, Novosibirsk (Russian Federation patent No. 2057588, MKI V02C 19/06, publ. 04/10/96), which is a gas dynamic grinder that uses the energy of compressed gas to accelerate crushed particles of the product in a vortex flow to an ultrafine state with a particle size of not more than 20 microns and a moisture content of not more than 5.0 wt.%. As a grinder can also serve as a ball or disk mill or other technical means that provide the appropriate dispersed composition of the product without compromising its useful properties.

The specified crushed product can be sterilized, for example, by gamma radiation with a dose of 10-25 kGy at negative temperatures (not higher than minus 20 ° C). Processing with gamma radiation is carried out fractionally with a break between the stages of irradiation. The proposed method of sterilization allows you to completely inactivate viral and other microbial objects with maximum preservation of product quality. Sterilization can be carried out at the stage of washing whole Artemia cysts from salts and impurities, for example, detergents. Further, the resulting product can be used as a food additive.

The tablet form of the biologically active additive is made in the form of a disk-shaped monolithic body 1 (Fig. 1), which decomposes under the influence of moisture, organic acids and body temperature in the gastrointestinal tract. The body weight of 1 tablet contains the following components:

Example 1

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 5.0 wt.% In the amount of 2 g per 1 tablet.

Example 2

A mixture of ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 2.0 wt.% With starch in a ratio of 10: 1 in the amount of 3 g per 1 tablet.

Example 3

A mixture of ultrafine Artemia cyst crayfish powder with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 1.0 wt.% With the addition of starch and lactose in a ratio of 20: 2: 1 in the amount of 3 g per 1 tablet.

In another embodiment (figure 2), the form of the preparation is a powdery mass of 2 ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts, which is placed in a gelatin capsule 3, which disintegrates under the influence of temperature. The powdered mass of 2 preparations contains the following components:

Example 4

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cyst with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 5.0 wt.% In an amount of 1.5 g per 1 capsule.

Example 5

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 3.0 wt.% In the amount of 3 g per 1 capsule.

In the third embodiment (figure 3), the form of the preparation is a powder mass 4, which is placed in a plastic or paper gas-tight hermetically sealed and evacuated bag 5. The powder mass 4 of the preparation contains the following components (wt.%):

Example 6

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 1.0 wt.% In an amount of 5 g per 1 packet.

Example 7

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 3.0 wt.% In the amount of 10 g per 1 packet.

Example 8

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 5.0 wt.% In an amount of 50 g per 1 packet.

Example 9

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 5.0 wt.% In the amount of 100 g per 1 bag.

Apply the drug inside for 1-2 tablets or capsules or 1 packet in the morning and evening for 10-30 days, depending on the state of the body.

The following are data on the biochemical composition of the gill-foot gill Artemia salina, including its cysts.

The biochemical composition of the crustacean ARTEMIA SALINA

The value of Artemia crustacean is determined by its chemical composition, which is characterized by a fairly high content of proteins, fats, essential amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins, hormones, and other biologically active compounds. The composition and ratio of these components change during the ontogenesis of the crustacean. Being a good filtrator, the crustacean is capable of accumulating large amounts of toxic substances that enter the environment as a result of human activities, which must be taken into account when using it as biologically active food additives (BAA).

The quantitative content of the main biogenic elements and their ratio noticeably change during the ontogenesis of the crustacean (see Table 1). Of particular note is the decrease in carbon content in nauplii during the development period at stages 1-4, which is explained by the processes of self-digestion of the mandibles and the specific mechanism of digestion. It was found that the carbohydrate content in the process of ontogenesis of the crustacean increases from 28.42% in cysts to 39.92% in nauplii and 35.99% in adults. The amount of nitrogen changes to a lesser extent, with a tendency to increase: 6.51, 7.82 and 8.54%, respectively. At the same time, nitrogen, which is part of proteins, is 32.69-45.10% in adults and up to 57.56% in nauplii. According to various authors, the nitrogen content in the sum of non-protein compounds varies from 16 to 54.5%, chitin accounts for 4%.

Table 1 The content of total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus,% to dry weight Development stage carbon nitrogen phosphorus Cysts 50.75 6.57 0.57 Nauplii, stage: 1 55.60 9.21 13,4 2 27,50 8.09 1.24 four 9.70 9.05 1,59 8 45.10 8.76 1.42 eleven 44.40 8.41 1.37 Adults 42.90 5.23 1.15

It was found that the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and the percentage of nitrogen and carbon differ in Artemia cysts from various natural sources. The carbon to nitrogen ratio can also vary in cysts collected in the same body of water, but at different times.

Metals

The metal content in Artemia changes during ontogenesis and largely depends on the habitat of the crustacean (see Table 2):

table 2 Metal content in cysts, nauplii, and adult brine shrimp (μg / g dry weight) Metal Cysts Nauplii Adults Iron 1860 70 1846 Zinc 125 104 0 Lead 17 3.0 0 Copper fourteen 9.2 0 Cadmium 0.09 0.12 0 Chromium 3.7 0.66 0 Nickel 4.0 0.09 0 Cobalt 1.6 0.14 0 Scandium 0.4 0 0 Antimony 0.5 0 0 Cesium 1.2 1.0 0 Rubidium 6.5 7.5 0 Calcium 0 0 2272 Magnesium 0 0 2802 Silicon 0 0 4211 Aluminum 0 0 6066

From the data presented, it can be seen that cysts and adults have high iron concentrations. In nauplii, this indicator decreases.

It should be noted that the metal content varies depending on the reservoir, time of collection and stage of development of brine shrimp.

Amino Acid Composition

18 amino acids were found in the proteins of artemia, the relative content of which changes during development (Table 3). The amount of free amino acids decreases in nauplii during the development period. However, amino acids such as proline, alanine, glycine, serine remain unchanged. The high content of essential amino acids is noteworthy: threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and histidine. As you know, these amino acids have great biological value, since they are necessary for proper nutrition of organisms and the synthesis of proteins in them. At the same time, the highest content of essential amino acids was noted in nauplii as compared with the corresponding indices in cysts and adult individuals, which determines the advantages of artemia larvae as an effective biological product.

Table 3 The content of total amino acids in brine shrimp at different stages of its development (%) Amino acid Cysts Nauplii Adults Cystine 1.6-1.8 1.0-3.4 2,3 Aspartic 10.6-22.8 4.7-14.2 9.3 Threonine 0.01-1.9 4.2-9.5 4.1 Serine 5.8-8.6 3.9-13.1 4.8 Glutamine 15.2-19.5 5.9-14.8 14,4 Proline 4.9-5.9 4.2-11.2 5.3 Glycine 4.9-6.0 5.2-13.5 5.5 Alanine 13.7-16.3 3.6-24.0 7.0 Isoleucine 0.01-0.5 0.7-6.5 5.8 Leucine 0.6-1.4 1,5-9,5 8.2 Tyrosine 1.9-8.5 2.6-9.1 4,5 Histidine 0.8-1.8 0.8-4.2 1.8 Lysine 1.8-2.6 1.8-10.1 7.7 Arginine 3.2-6.3 1.8-9.9 6.6 Valine 0.02-2.0 2,3-8,3 5,6 Phenylalanine 0,0-0,2 1.7-8.9 4.7 Methionine - 1,5-3,2 2.7 Taurine 0.01-27.0 0,0-19,8 -

Squirrels

Artemia is high in protein. However, this indicator also varies depending on the stage of development of the crustacean, the race of brine shrimp and its food (Table 4). The share of soluble proteins is 29%, insoluble - 71%, the ratio of high molecular weight to low molecular weight - 43 and 57%, respectively.

Table 4 The protein content in brine shrimp at different stages of its development (% to dry weight) Cysts Decapsulated Cysts Nauplii Adults 52.35 61.14 48.25 29.87

The protein content in Artemia cysts can vary in different years. In addition, for each stage of brine shrimp, specific proteins are characteristic, the identification of which is of great interest to elucidate their biological role and physiological activity.

Lipids

The lipid content in cysts, nauplii, and adult brine shrimp are presented in table 5. During the period of intensive growth, especially on the first day, the lipid concentration decreases in the range of 10-20%. The concentration of fat in Artemia cysts may vary depending on the time of collection.

Table 5 Artemia lipid content at different stages of development (%, to dry weight) Cysts Decapsulated Cysts Nauplii Adults 2.96 25.57 15.25 7.64 Table 6 Lipid composition of Artemia cysts (% of total lipids) Phospholipids Cholesterol Free fatty acids Triglycerides Esters of cholesterol 14.6 10.6 3.0 59.8 12.0

From an analysis of the lipid composition of Artemia cysts, triglycerides are the main components of Artemia cysts.

Of particular importance are Artemia fatty acids, which are part of lipids and determine their properties. The total content of fatty acids increases during the development of crustacean: artemia eggs contain 490-704 mg of fatty acids per 1 g of lipids, in nauplii this indicator increases to 602-854 mg / g.

Relatively large amounts of essential fatty acids are contained in cysts, nauplii, and adult crustaceans - C18: 2 ω6 (linoleic), C18: 3 ω3 (linolenic), and C20: 4 (arachidonic). Of the unsaturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acids prevail in artemia, oleic and palmitoleic from monounsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic from polyunsaturated ones, and linolenic in nauplii and cysts.

Thus, the composition and ratio of lipids and especially fatty acids characterize artemia as a valuable biological product.

Carbohydrates

The carbohydrate content in the tissues of Artemia in the process of its development varies significantly (table. 7). So, for example, in developing embryos there is a sharp decrease in the concentration of carbohydrates before hatching and with the subsequent development of the larva during the day. About 98% of the total amount of cyst carbohydrates, including chitin, is trehalose, glycerin, and a glycogen-like polysaccharide. Chitin components have sorption and preservative properties. Chitin protects the body from radiation; inhibits the growth of cancer cells; prevents the development of heart attacks and strokes (enhances the effect of drugs that thin the blood); boosts immunity; regulates blood cholesterol (helps with atherosclerosis and obesity); improves digestion (reduces the acidity of gastric juice, stimulates the growth of beneficial bifidobacteria); fights inflammatory processes; accelerates the processes of tissue regeneration (recovery).

Table 7 The carbohydrate content in Artemia at various stages of development (%, to dry weight) Cysts Decapsulated Cysts Nauplii Adults 7.76 11.05 12.80 20,2

Trehalose is an unreduced glucose disaccharide, accounting for 17% of the mass of cysts. It is an important respiratory substrate, as well as a source for the synthesis of glycerin and glycogen.

In artemia cysts, glucose was found in small quantities, the content of which is less than 1 μg / g dry weight. In low concentrations, lactic acid is noted, the content of which does not change during development. Up to 6% of the dry weight of adult brine shrimp is chitin.

High concentrations of essential fatty acids, reproductive, growth and adaptive hormones, vitamins, carotenoids, and essential amino acids can be successfully used in the food, pharmaceutical industry as raw materials for the preparation of biologically active compounds that restore metabolism and promote normal growth and development of the human body and animals.

Claims (5)

1. The dry form of a biologically active food supplement based on Artemia salina cyst, characterized by the crushed content of Artemia cyst to a particle size of not more than 20 microns and a moisture content of not more than 5 wt.%. 2. A dry form of a biologically active food supplement based on cysts of Artemia salina, characterized in that it is a tablet made in the form of a monolithic disk-shaped solid from Artemia cyst powder, or a cylindrical hollow detachable capsule filled with Artemia cyst powder, or a gas-tight bag filled with Artemia cysts powder under vacuum. 3. The dry form of the dietary supplement according to claim 2, characterized in that the tablet further comprises starch of at least 10.0 wt.%. 4. The dry form of the biologically active additive according to claim 2, characterized in that the tablet further comprises starch and lactose in a ratio of 2: 1 in an amount of not less than 15 wt.%. 5. The dry form of the biologically active additive according to claim 2, characterized in that the detachable hollow capsule is made of material that melts under the influence of body temperature, for example, gelatin.

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