RU2309372C2 - Fragmentation-bundle projectile "otmich" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition having simultaneously axial and round destruction fields.

SUBSTANCE: the projectile has a body with an explosive charge, fragmentation block in its nose, nose of the trajectory-contact type with a detonator located in the nose cap in front of the fragmentation block. The nose cap has an explosive charge-destructor made in the form of an explosive layer located on the inner surface of the cap and engageable with the fuse detonator, a cumulative facing is installed on the inner surface of the layer, a central tube passing through the fragmentation block and terminating in the explosive charge is installed in the projectile axis, and an insert diaphragm engageable with the front end of the fragmentation block is installed between the projectile body and the nose cap.

EFFECT: reduced spread of the projectile actuation time.

8 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to multipurpose high-explosive fragmentation ammunition having both axial and circular fields of destruction.

Known fragmentation-beam shells containing a shell with a charge of explosive (BB), a single-layer or multi-layer block of finished striking elements (GGE), located in front of the explosive charge, head or bottom trajectory fuse. High-explosive-fragmentation shells, which also have a high-explosive penetrating effect, are equipped with a durable head cap. The presence of a massive head cap sharply worsens the effect of the axial flow due to a decrease in the velocity and loss of a part of the GGE, as well as distortion of the field shape upon impact with the head cap. This disadvantage is eliminated in the design of the fragmentation-beam projectile "Perun" (US Pat. No. 2237231 of the Russian Federation). This projectile contains a pyrotechnic mechanism for ejecting the head cap along with the fuse before detonation, and the projectile is detonated after a certain time interval after firing with an inertial-type fuse at the moment of firing and equipped with a moderator.

The main disadvantages of the projectile are the significant dispersion of the range of detonation from the target, due to the dispersion of the response time inherent in pyrotechnic devices, and the preservation of the continuity of the head cover after firing, which makes it possible to partially overlap the route of the GGE flow. The disadvantage of the projectile is the lack of a power element that prevents the fragmentation block from moving forward, which creates the possibility of such an inertial movement when the projectile penetrates into the ground and, as a result, the destruction of the head cap.

The present invention addresses these drawbacks.

The technical solution consists in the fact that the fragmentation-beam projectile contains a housing with an explosive charge located in it, a fragmentation unit in its front part, a trajectory-contact type head fuse with a detonator located in the head cap in front of the fragmentation unit. The head cap contains an explosive charge-liquidator, made in the form of a layer of explosive placed on the inner surface of the cap and in contact with the detonator of the fuse. A cumulative lining is installed on the inner surface of the layer, a central tube is installed along the axis of the projectile, passing through the fragmentation block and ending in the explosive charge, and an insert diaphragm in contact with the front end of the fragmentation block is installed between the shell of the projectile and the head cap.

The insert diaphragm prevents the destruction of the cap from the inertial movement of the fragmentation block.

The fragmentation block can be made of GGE with a single or multi-layer stacking them in the block. The shape of the GGE ensures their tight packing in the block, and the material is steel or heavy alloys based on tungsten.

The fragmentation block can be made in the form of a plate of a given crushing.

The ratio of the distance from the end of the Central tube to the bottom of the projectile to the length of the explosive charge should preferably be in the range of 0.4 ... 0.6.

At the trailing end of the tube, a blasting explosive charge may be installed that is highly sensitive to the impact of a cumulative jet, such as HMX.

The cumulative lining with a large end can rest on the front surface of the insert diaphragm.

The general scheme of the projectile for a smoothbore tank gun is shown in the drawing.

The projectile contains a housing 1 filled with a charge of explosive 2 and containing a fragmentation block in the front part (multi-layer GPE block, predetermined crushing plate) 3. The housing is threaded to the head cap 4, in the front part of which there is a mechanical or electronic trajectory-contact fuse 5 of a safety type . The fuse contains a head contact assembly 6, a receiver 7 and an annular detonator 8. An explosive charge — the liquidator of the head cap 4 — consists of an explosive layer 9 located on the inner surface of the cap and installed on the inner surface of the cumulative lining layer 10. The explosive layer 9 is located in contact with the ring detonator 8.

The multilayer block 3 is predominantly made of ready-made striking elements, the shape of which ensures their tight packing in the block, for example, in the form of cubes, parallelepipeds, hexagonal prisms. GGEs are made both from steel and from heavy alloys, for example, based on tungsten. The drawing conventionally shows the GGE in the form of balls.

The GPE block relies on the diaphragm 11, which in this design is made integral with the housing. In this case, to equip the projectile with an explosive charge, it is necessary to have a screw bottom 12. The diaphragm can also be made plug-in, based on an annular ledge of the housing. In this case, there is no need for a screw-in bottom, but problems arise in ensuring the strength of the annular ledge. A loose diaphragm 13 is installed between the shell of the projectile and the head cap. The cumulative lining 10 rests on the front surface of the diaphragm 13 with a large end face, which ensures accurate fixation of the lining axis relative to the axis of the projectile.

Along the axis of the projectile is the central tube 14, passing through both diaphragms, the GGE block and the explosive charge and ending in the explosive charge. To increase the reliability of the action, a blasting explosive charge 15 can be installed at the bottom of the tube, which has an increased sensitivity to the impact of a cumulative jet, for example, phlegmatized togen.

A stabilizer 16 with drop-down feathers is attached to the bottom of the projectile.

The action of the projectile is as follows. Before firing through the receiver of installation 7, the installation is introduced to the type of action, and when using a temporary fuse, also the flight time of the projectile before the explosion.

The projectile is multifunctional and, depending on the installation, has the following types of actions:

- trajectory gap on approach (at a pre-empted point) with preliminary shooting of the cap and hitting the target with the axial flow of the GGE;

- trajectory gap above the target with the defeat of the target by a circular field of fragments of the body;

- shock ground rupture with installation on instant (fragmentation) action;

- shock ground break with installation on inertial (high-explosive) action;

- shock ground rupture with the installation on a slow (penetrating high-explosive) action.

The action of the first and second type is carried out with a trajectory-contact fuse. When the projectile arrives at the calculated point, the fuse gives a command to detonate the annular detonator 8, which causes the detonation front to propagate along the charge 9. At the same time, the head cap 4 expands with subsequent destruction and the cumulative lining 10 is compressed to form a cumulative jet directed to the bottom of the projectile. The cumulative stream passes through the inner cavity of the Central tube 14, penetrates the explosive charge 2 and excites its detonation.

The detonation front moving in the direction of flight of the projectile falls on the diaphragm 11, cuts it off and accelerates the GGE block.

The further process is designed in such a way that by the time the block is pulled out of the case, the fragments of the head cap have diverged in sufficient radial directions and do not interfere with the free flight of the GGE.

A detonation front moving towards the bottom of the projectile creates a declination of the flow of shell fragments in the same direction, which ensures an increase in the meridional angle of expansion of the shell fragments and, consequently, an increase in the probability of hitting targets with shell fragments.

According to the results of calculating the effectiveness of the projectile, in both versions of the trajectory rupture, the optimal ratio of the distance from the end of the central tube to the bottom of the projectile to the explosive charge length is in the range 0.4 ... 0.6.

A noticeable outflow of detonation products forward through the central tube, which could lead to a decrease in the throwing speed of the fragmentation block, is prevented, on the one hand, by compression of the central tube by detonation products, and on the other, by the entrance of the cumulative pestle at the mouth of the central tube.

The action when installing the fuse on the impact fragmentation effect is carried out in a similar way.

The action when installing the fuse for inertial or delayed action differs in that the detonation pulse on the annular detonator 8 is issued at certain time intervals after the contact of the projectile with the ground. In this case, the inertial movement of the GGE block, which could lead to the destruction of the head part, is prevented by the insert diaphragm 13.

The proposed design is one of the simplest, most reliable and safest schemes for fragmentation-beam projectiles in comparison with, for example, the designs proposed in domestic patents (No. 2018779, 2095739, 2108538, 2137085, 2208759, 2237231, 2247928) and foreign (No. 223897) Sweden, 4524696, 4882996, 5900580 USA, DE 3703773 A1, DE 19648355 A1 Germany). This is explained by the rational use of the charge of the head cap both to destroy the cap and remove its parts, and to initiate the charge of the housing. The large size of the cap's charge makes it possible to precisely center it in the projectile and, as a result, reliable passage of the cumulative jet through the central tube. The proposed scheme is mainly intended for smooth-bore shells, primarily tank, cannons, when fired from which the rotation of the projectile is excluded, causing radial dispersion of the cumulative jet.

Claims (8)

1. A fragmentation-beam projectile comprising a body with an explosive charge located therein, a fragmentation block in its front, a trajectory-contact head fuse with a detonator located in the head cap in front of the fragmentation block, characterized in that the head cap contains an explosive charge -liquidator made in the form of a layer of explosive placed on the inner surface of the cap and in contact with the detonator of the fuse, while on the inner surface of the layer is cumulative I’m facing, along the axis of the projectile there is a central tube passing through the fragmentation block and ending in the explosive charge, and between the shell of the projectile and the head cap there is an insert diaphragm in contact with the front end of the fragmentation block. 2. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the fragmentation block is made of ready-made striking elements with single or multi-layer stacking them in the block. 3. The projectile according to claim 2, characterized in that the finished striking elements are made in a shape that ensures their tight packing in the block. 4. The projectile according to claim 2, characterized in that the finished striking elements are made of steel or heavy alloys based on tungsten. 5. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the fragmentation block is made in the form of a plate of a given crushing. 6. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the distance from the end of the central tube to the bottom of the projectile to the length of the explosive charge is in the range of 0.4-0.6. 7. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that at the rear end of the tube there is a charge of a blasting explosive having increased sensitivity to impact of a cumulative jet, for example, octogen. 8. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the cumulative lining with a large end rests on the front surface of the insert diaphragm.