RU2396392C1 - Hydroelectric power plant (hpp) on circular water flow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of hydropower engineering. Device comprises water intake from river, steep canal or discharge pipeline, spiral or circular tray, which sends flow to turbine and generator connected to turbine. Speeded flow entering from inlet nozzle acquires shape of circular tray of hydraulic ring type, and near inlet of flow into circular flow, at the bottom, there is a threshold installed, and bottom of circular tray is arranged below level of inlet nozzle by height of threshold, besides on external board of circular tray, where monorails are installed, upstream inlet nozzle, there is a segment surface drain arranged, equipped with horizontal control valve along arc of external board, under the drain there is a reservoir placed to collect drained water, and it changes into drain nozzle along body tangent, and in the centre of tray hydraulic ring body there is a pylon installed to fix axis of hydroturbine or electric current generator rotor.

EFFECT: invention simplifies design of HPP and increases electric energy yield.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of hydropower, in particular to the generation of electricity from the mass of a stream of water moving along a closed tray, with artificial or natural dispersal, in the form of a kinetic hydraulic system.

Known, of this type, small hydroelectric power stations in which the pressure is created mainly by the natural slope of the river flow or by rapid current, and power plants are placed directly in the stream. Analogs of the application: 2003122970, patent 2183899.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is the so-called “Gravity-whirlpool station” by Franz Zotleterer from Switzerland, which includes a water supply system (pressure derivation), an annular, cylinder-shaped pool with a spiral whirlpool outlet in the center, where a turbine with a vertical axis is placed rotation and current generator.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that this type of hydroelectric power station, using a direct stream of the river, after turbulence, enters the central funnel, where a standard turbine with a current generator is placed. This scheme imitates the "snail" of large dam hydroelectric power stations, only the pool with the whirlpool is open and its shape is cylindrical, and not in the form of a snail. Such a hydroelectric power station requires a large flow of water, with a small pressure (0.7-1.0 m) per unit of generated power. It is irrational to increase the diameter of the pool (more than 5 m), because the consumption of materials and the cost of a unit of power increase sharply, maintenance is complicated, and the capacity of a hydropower plant does not increase significantly (efficiency decreases). Placing the units in the center of the whirlpool also complicates its installation, maintenance, and especially repair, it is necessary to lower the pool completely and remove the unit or create crane superstructures, in addition, draining through the funnel requires additional depth under the body.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the acceleration flow, which flows from the inlet pipe attached tangentially to the body of the open annular tray, takes the form of an annular tray of the kinetic hydro-ring type. At the flow inlet in the annular tray, at the bottom, a threshold is set, the bottom of which is below the level of the inlet pipe by the height of the threshold. On the outer side of the annular tray where the monorails are installed, a segmented surface drain is placed in front of the inlet pipe, equipped with a horizontal control valve along the arc of the outer side. A container for collecting drainage water is placed under the drain, passing into the outlet pipe along the tangent body, and in the center of the casing of the tray ring there is a pylon for attaching the axis of the rotor of the hydraulic turbine or the entire electric current generator.

The design of a hydroelectric station on an annular flow of water is explained by schemes where:

Figure 1. Scheme (cross section in diameter) of the annular tray with the inlet and outlet of the stream and with the natural pressure of water from the river.

Figure 2. An approximate scheme in terms of a possible R-cascade of ring micro-hydroelectric power stations located along the natural slope of the landscape at one rapid current.

Figure 3. Cross section of an annular casing with an electric generator in the center.

Figure 4. Ring hydroelectric power station, top view.

The acceleration channel is arranged in a closed ring with an inlet water outlet, a discharge slot in the upper part of the side directs the flow into the tray, as if it continues its way further along the same initial direction. With this arrangement of an annular basin with the same pressure parameters, the flow force can be used more efficiently due to the energy of the kinetic hydro ring if the blade turbine is placed on guides fixed along the upper edge of the circumference of both sides of the basin, i.e. an additional moment of forces appears. The turbine can be mounted with its axis in the center of the pool (with the diameter of the outer side not more than six meters) or with the possibility of supporting the rollers on the inner monorail. If the diameter of the ring is more than 6 m, then the turbine becomes a planetary mechanism, and the generators can be installed either inside the free cavity of the ring or behind the outer side of the annular channel.

The turbine blades are lowered into the water flow of the annular tray. The depth of the water in the tray, the width of the annular tray and the head are calculated separately for each diameter of the pool of the flow head, type of hydraulic turbine, type of generator and its expected power. Such annular spiral basins can be compiled, according to the slope of the landscape, into a cascade with minimal material costs (figure 2).

This HPP scheme (with the turbines and generators located at the top) has a wide range of use both in terms of location relative to the pressure source (river) or energy consumer, and in the shape of the cross-section of the annular pools, their sizes and cascades, and most importantly, the possibilities for using the volume of river flows and completely different new methods of extracting electric energy from the kinetic energy of the annular flow (hydro ring).

A hydropower plant works as follows: a stream of water taken by derivation from a river is sent through a quick current or pipe 5 to, for example, a reinforced concrete or plastic annular tray 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4.) of the calculated diameter. Water, through the inlet tray 5, enters the spiral of the tray 1, spinning, acquires additional acceleration and leaves through the side discharge into the tray 6 or into the derivation to the next station (figure 2). Before entering the tray, a threshold 7 is set that controls the flow level in the spiral tray 1. If the annular channel of the hydroelectric power station is small in diameter (up to 6 m), then the turbine 9 can be placed with its axis of rotation 3 on the pylon 2 in the center of the circle inside the cavity, and the blades 4, placed along the circumference of the turbine, are in contact with the water flow in the annular tray, and with the help of the rollers 11 with the monorail 8 (Fig. 1).

The turbine, rotating from the flow of water through any known reduction, transfers the rotation to the generator, and the smaller the losses on the gearboxes, the greater the received power. The power may be greater with an increase in the diameter of the annular tray to 8 m (more irrational), but in this case, the turbine 9 is rotated by the rollers 11 on the ring monorails 8 mounted on the upper edges of the trays and already represents a segmented turbine ring with vanes 4. Power take-off rotation of such a planetary turbine also requires special technical solutions and represents know-how. The "waste" water after the first mini-hydroelectric power station is sent through a water conduit 6 either back to the river, or through a tray to the next station in the cascade, if the terrain allows it.

The technical result obtained from the invention is that hydroelectric power plants with a stream taken from a river, an annular tray and a segment turbine are simple and not expensive to manufacture, from cast concrete, in plastic (with a diameter of up to 6 m using the “wet gunning” method). The HPP scheme is technologically advanced (in comparison with analogues) in operation and repair, because Turbines and generators are located in open areas and are accessible from all sides. Mini-hydroelectric power stations can be performed directly on site (not of a traditional factory design), in workshops of an energy consumer.

Claims (1)

A device for generating electric energy, containing water intake from a river, high-speed or pressure piping, a spiral or annular chute, directing the flow to the turbine and a generator connected to the turbine, characterized in that the accelerating flow flowing from the inlet pipe takes the form of a ring-shaped ring-type chute and at the flow inlet in the annular tray, a threshold is set at the bottom, and the bottom of the annular tray is below the level of the inlet pipe by the threshold height, and on the outer side of the annular tray where the monora is installed ice, in front of the inlet pipe there is a segmented surface drain, equipped with a horizontal control valve along the arc of the outer side, a drainage tank is placed under the drain, passing into the outlet pipe along the tangent body, and a pylon is installed in the center of the casing of the chute ring for mounting the axis of the turbine rotor or electric current generator.

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