RU2374800C1 - Disk working element - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: disk working element is arranged in the form of spherical disk installed on axis with cutting edge along periphery. Interrupted peripheral cutting edge is formed by cuts. On front face of each cut there is a cutting edge with bore on internal surface of disk with transition of bore to external surface of disk. Transition of cutting edge bores on frontal face is arranged at the border of thinned part of external disk surface.

EFFECT: such structural design makes it possible to provide for complete cutting of vegetative mass and roots of weed plants and to prevent their hanging over back side of cut.

16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to disk tillage working bodies.

A rotary tillage implement is known that contains disks mounted on a horizontal axis, in which, in order to improve the quality of soil cultivation, each of the disks is equipped with knives fixed along its perimeter, each of which has the shape of a trapezoid, facing a smaller base to the disk, and is located at an angle to disk rotation planes (SU, copyright certificate No. 1535395. A1. Mcl. ⁵ АВВ 21/04. Rotary tillage implement / A.N. Koperin (USSR). - Application No. 4406083 / 30-15. Declared 04/19/1988. Published on January 15, 1990. Bull. No. 2).

The described tillage implement satisfactorily processes the topsoil to a depth of 6-8 cm in unclogged fields. In the presence of weed vegetation and crop residues, each disk with knives only rolls over the surface of the field, without cutting the stems of weeds and stubble.

Known rotary working body containing a horizontal shaft mounted in bearings, having a drive in rotation, on which discs are mounted obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation by means of spacer sleeves with inclined end bases, and the angle of inclination of the disk to the specified axis is equal to the corresponding angle of inclination of the bases coupled to it bushings in which the rotation shaft is made in the form of a polyhedron and in each spacer sleeve there is a seating surface under the polyhedron, while with the other, the end bases of the bushings are made straight, the disks are equipped with teeth and are located relative to each other with angular displacement on the drum shaft; the length of each sleeve along the axis is determined by the expression:

L = 0.5 (D · sin α + S), m, where D is the diameter of the disk, m; α is the angle of inclination of the disks to the axis of rotation, deg; S is the thickness of the disk, m; the outer diameter of each disk is determined by the expression D = 2h / (1-cos 360 ° / n), where h is the height of the tooth, m; n is the number of teeth, pcs .; the working surface of one tooth and the non-working surface of the other are perpendicular to each other and have a radius of rounding equal to R ₁ = n ² / R · sin arc cos (1-h / R), where R is the radius of the disk, m (RU, patent No. 2209535 C1. IPC ⁷ АВВ 21/08, А01В 23/06. Rotary working body / O.B. Ivanov (RU) - Application No. 2001133258/13. Declared December 6, 2001. Publish. August 10, 2003).

The disadvantages of the described rotary working body include the low quality of the treatment of clogged fields and insignificant loosening of the upper soil layer.

Known disk cultivator, including support wheels, disk batteries and a device for closing the bottom of the split furrow, in which, in order to improve the quality of closing the bottom of the split furrow and reduce the comb surface of the field, the device for closing the bottom of the split furrow is made in the form of two disks with windows placed at the butt ends of disk batteries (SU, copyright certificate No. 550134. M.cl. ² A01V 7/00. Disk cultivator / V.A. Papafilov, N.T. Semenov (USSR). - Application No. 2021563/15. Declared 06.05 .1974. Publish. March 15, 1977. Bull. No. 10).

The disadvantages of the described disk cultivator include poor soil cultivation, low operational reliability of disks, both whole and with windows. This is because the discs are made of 65G carbon steel and hardened to 50-60 HRc. Dynamic loads on the cutting edges lead to cracks on the surface of the discs and spalling of local areas. With 5-6 local damaged areas on the surface of the disks, the working bodies have to be discarded and replaced with new ones.

Also known is a disk working body made in the form of a spherical disk fixed to the axis with a cutting edge and windows with side cutting edges radially located on its working surface, in which, in order to improve the quality of crumbling of the soil, each window is made trapezoidal, the larger base of which is facing the cutting edge of the disk, and adjacent windows have different heights, and the cutting edges of each window are bent in opposite directions relative to the working surface of the disk (SU, copyright certificate No. 135879 8. A1. M.cl. ⁴ A01B 7/00. Disk working organ / L.E. Popov, O.S. Marchenko, V.V. Bychkov, N.N. Kharenko, V.K. Zagursky, V. P. Tarasov, M.I. Marchenko (USSR) - Application No. 4010649 / 30-15. Declared December 11, 1985. Publish. December 15, 1987. Bull. No. 46).

The disadvantages of the described disk working body, adopted by us as the closest analogue, include the tendency to clog weeds with stems and low operational reliability due to windows. The latter are stress concentrators, and in these places the disks burst (cracks, bends).

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the complete cutting of weed vegetation and mortmass in the waste fields removed from the crop rotation.

The technical result is an increase in the quality of tillage, heavily clogged with plant and crop residues.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known disk working body, made in the form of a spherical disk fixed to the axis with a cutting edge at the periphery, according to the invention, an intermittent peripheral cutting edge is formed by cuts, a cutting edge is made on the front face of each cut with sharpening on the inner surface of the disk with the transition of sharpening to the outer surface of the disk, while the transition of the cutting edges on the front face is made on the thinned part of the outer surface of the disk.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a disk working body with a discontinuous cutting edge on the peripheral part, a view from the side of the convex part of the disk.

Figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1, a diametrical section of a disk working body.

In Fig.3 - place B in Fig.2, the pairing of the mounting part with the working part of the spherical disk.

Figure 4 - place In figure 1, the transition of adjacent faces of the holes in the center of the disk for installation on the axis of the battery.

In Fig.5 is a section GG in Fig.1, the formation of the cutting edge on the front edge of the cut with sharpening on the outer surface of the disk.

In Fig.6 is a section DD in Fig.1, the formation of a discontinuous cutting edge on the peripheral part of the spherical disk between the cutouts.

In Fig.7 is a view of E in Fig.1, the transition of the cutting edges on the front edge of the cut when sharpening on the outer and inner surfaces of the spherical disk.

On Fig - section FJ in figure 1, the formation of the cutting edge on the front edge of the cut with sharpening on the inner surface of the spherical disk.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The disk working body is made in the form of a spherical disk 1 fixed on the axis with a cutting edge 2 at the periphery. The spherical disk 2 has a mounting part 3 and a working part 4. The disk working body is made by stamping from sheet steel with a thickness of 8 mm according to GOST 19903-74. The material of the disk working body is Steel 65G according to GOST 14959-79. The radius of the inner spherical surface 5 is 760 mm, and the radius of the outer spherical surface 6 is 768 mm.

The mounting part 3 of the disk working body is made flat. In the center of the mounting part 3, a square hole 7 is made on the side of the square 41 ^+0.12 mm. The faces 8 and 9 of the square hole 7 are conjugated by a cylindrical surface 10. This eliminates cracks in the junction of the faces 8 and 9.

The mounting part 3 with the working part 4 of the disk working body is associated with the transition section 11 in the form of a hollow cone with the diameters of the bases D ₁ and D ₂ . Spherical surfaces 5 and 6 of the disk working body with the surfaces of the mounting part 3 are mated along fillets with radii R ₁ . This simplifies the assembly of disk working bodies into batteries by means of spacer sleeves and an axis with a section in the form of a square 40 × 40 mm (see figures 1, 2, 3 and 4).

The intermittent cutting edge 2 is formed by cutouts 12. Each cutout 12 in the direction of rolling of the disk has a front face 13 and a back face 14. The back face 14 is formed by two cylindrical surfaces with radii of curvature R ₂ and R ₃ (see figure 1). On the front edge 13 of each cutout 12, a cutting edge 15 is made with sharpening 16 on the inner spherical surface 5 of the disk with a transition 17 to the sharpening 18 of the cutting edge 15 on the outer spherical surface 6. The transition 17 of the cutting edge 15 on the front edge 13 is made on the border of the refined part 19 the outer surface of the 6 disc.

The cutting edge 2 is formed by double sharpening of the working part 4: thinning 19 is made with a thickness of t ₂ = 3.75 mm, sharpening at an angle γ = 6 ° and a chamfer 20 at an angle β = 30 ° with the formation of a cutting edge 2 with a maximum thickness t ₁ = 1, 5 mm. The thickness t of the working part 4 is 8 mm (see Fig.6). The described geometry of the cutting edge 2 provides durability of the peripheral cutting edge 2.

The cutting edge 15 (see figure 5) on the front face 13 is made by grinding 18 of the outer spherical surface 6 at an angle a = 45 ° ± 5 °.

The cutting edge 15 on the inner spherical surface 5 is made at an angle β = 30 ° ± 5 ° (see Fig. 8).

The cutting edge 15 (see Fig.7) is made to the transition from the outer spherical surface 6 to the inner spherical surface 5. The width of the transition 17 does not exceed 2 mm

Disk working body operates as follows.

When the disk rolls with a cutting edge 2, the soil layer with roots and stems of weeds is cut. A sock cuts into a gap made of thickness t, formed by the intersections of the cutting edges 2 and 15. By the cutting edge 15 and the grinding 16 on the thinned part 19, the soil layer is cut to a great depth. With further rolling, the cutting edge 15 comes into operation with a sharpening 18 on the front part 13. The hanging roots of the weeds can slip only until transition 17 and are delayed at transition 17 until they are completely cut. This eliminates the accumulation of uncut weeds on the cutting edge of 15 cutouts 12. Thus, weeds are completely cut and planted to a depth of 20 cm.

Claims (1)

A disk working body made in the form of a spherical disk fixed on the axis with a cutting edge at the periphery, characterized in that the discontinuous peripheral cutting edge is formed by cuts, and a cutting edge is made on the front face of each cut with sharpening on the inner surface of the disk with the transition of sharpening to the outer surface the disk, while the transition of the sharpening of the cutting edge on the front edge is made at the depth of the refined part of the outer surface of the disk.

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