RU2373650C2 - Method for controlling condition of multivariate object - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the sphere of measurement technologies and can be used to control and analyse the condition of complex multivariate objects being the elements of the connection systems and automation. The result is achieved by the identification of abnormal changes of condition's characteristics of one of the complex of identical elements of multivariate objects during in functioning by setting the standard values and allowed deflections of the characteristics of the elements' condition of the multivariate object, measuring current values of the parametres under control, calculating the current values of the characteristics of the elements' condition of the multivariate object and comparing them with the given standard values and allowed deflections.

EFFECT: improvement of the operation and accuracy of the evaluation of the condition of the multivariate object.

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Description

The invention relates to measuring technique and can be used to monitor and analyze the state of complex multi-parameter objects that are elements of communication and automation systems.

The known method of continuous passive control of telephone line parameters, implemented in a device of the LST-1007 type, in which the telephone line is preliminarily checked for damage and unauthorized connections, the telephone line is monitored, the parameters are measured, the parameters are stored, stored as standards, continuously measured and compared the current values of the monitored parameters with the reference, generate an alarm when the measured parameter values do not coincide with the reference, olzhayut measurement when they coincide with the reference values of the controlled parameters.

The disadvantages of this method are the low accuracy of the control results due to the influence of external factors (climatic, temporary, etc.), due to which there is a low probability of making an objective decision on the state of the controlled object and low economic efficiency of the control system, this limits the scope of the method.

Also known is the "Method of measuring the parameters of RLC circuits", according to the RF patent No. 2100813, class G01R 27/26, 12/27/1997, based on measuring the duration of transients in a resistive-capacitive or resistive-inductive measuring circuit, to the input of which a disturbing voltage is applied , varying as a function of time, and its parameters are measured at the output of the RLC circuit under study.

Compared to the previous method, it is possible to obtain more complete information about the characteristics of the controlled object, the disadvantage of this method is the relative complexity of the implementation, due to the need to generate special sounding signals, a narrow scope, due to the incompatibility of the measurement method with the normal operation of telephone lines and the inability to continuously measure their parameters, as well as low economic efficiency of the method.

Closest in technical essence to the claimed one is a method for evaluating the effectiveness of large systems, including a large number of monitored parameters, according to RF patent No. 22010112 "Unified Chernyakov / Petrushin method for evaluating the effectiveness of large systems", class GO6F 17/00, declared. June 7, 2001.

The prototype method consists in pre-setting the set of structural elements - representing a multi-parameter object (MPO) in the form of a hierarchy of its structural elements (SEA), particular state characteristics that are associated with each element of SEA, normative values corresponding to each particular state indicator, importance weights corresponding to each particular indicator of the state of the SEA, as well as write in advance to the storage device (memory) of the terminal server the program for calculating the private parameters and, finally, the knowledge obtained during the survey of experts in this field of knowledge is loaded into the memory of the workstation of the knowledge engineer, select the calculation method and start this procedure, select the measured parameters using the switch, and automatically read the information from the sensors through the converters and write it to the memory of the read information in the terminal server, convert the parameter values into the corresponding digital data using various special converters azovateley, the digital data stored in the memory, calculating a generalized and partial characteristics of the state of the Program MPS calculation state characteristics through the terminal server, compares them with predetermined values, display and document the results of calculations and comparisons on a video monitor and printer.

Compared with analogues, the prototype method has a wider scope for both simple and multiparameter objects.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively low accuracy of the current assessment of the state of MPO and the efficiency of identifying the causes of changes in its state before the critical values of the monitored parameters, as well as identifying the different behavior of the parameters of one of the SEA relative to others. This is due to the fact that the conclusion about the state of the controlled MPO is made during a full control cycle, the results of which indicate only a critical deterioration of parameters.

The aim of the proposed technical solution is to develop a method for monitoring the state of MPO, providing higher accuracy in assessing the status of MPO; increasing the efficiency of assessing the state of MPO by identifying trends in the parameters until they reach critical values and identifying the different (abnormal) behavior of the parameters of one of the SEA with respect to the behavior of the parameters of the rest of the same SEA.

The claimed method extends the arsenal of funds for this purpose.

между максимальным и минимальным значениями для каждого из m - контролируемых параметров. Для определения характеристик состояния МПО считывают ранее запомненные значения параметров

и П_mi, сравнивают их между собой и в каждой группе однотипных СЭО вычисляют разности (отклонения) ΔП_mi измеренных значений m-го параметра от его стандартного значения

. Считывают ранее запомненные экстремальные значения

и

, сравнивают их и по результатам сравнения определяют разности ΔП_mij между максимальным

и минимальным

уровнями измеренных значений m-го параметра. Затем сравнивают вычисленные характеристики This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method for monitoring the state of a multi-parameter object (MPO), which consists in pre-setting a set of N≥2 structural elements of the object (SEA) and M≥N parameters characterizing their condition, measure and store the measured SEA parameters , determine the characteristics of the state of the MPO during operation, the results of which document and make a decision on the state of the MPO, in addition, for N of the same type of SEA, the standard values of their P parameters of ^Cm. The deviations ΔP of ^additional parameters from standard values and the maximum allowable difference are also set

between the maximum and minimum values for each of m - controlled parameters. To determine the characteristics of the MPO state, previously stored parameter values are read

and P _mi , compare them with each other and in each group of the same SEA calculate the differences (deviations) ΔP _{mi of the} measured values of the m-th parameter from its standard value

. Read previously stored extreme values.

and

, they are compared and the differences ΔP _mij between the maximum

and minimal

levels of the measured values of the m-th parameter. Then, the calculated characteristics are compared.

и

. После этого измеренные параметры и вычисленные характеристики документируют. Если

и

, то состояние МПО принимают как исправное и повторяют цикл измерений параметров. Если

и/или

, то состояние МПО характеризуют как неисправное и дополнительно документируют информацию о параметрах и характеристиках i-го структурного элемента.ΔP _mi and ΔP _mij with their predetermined values

and

. After that, the measured parameters and calculated characteristics are documented. If

and

, then the state of the MPO is accepted as good and the cycle of parameter measurements is repeated. If

and / or

, then the state of the MPO is characterized as faulty and additionally document information about the parameters and characteristics of the i-th structural element.

Due to the new set of essential features in the method, it is possible to detect changes in the controlled parameters in the range of their acceptable values and, in addition, to identify an abnormal change in the controlled parameters of one or more SEA against the background of the state of similar parameters of other similar SEA, which is achieved in the claimed method to increase accuracy, the efficiency of the current assessment of the state of SEA and the likelihood of making an objective decision on the state of IGOs.

The use of advanced monitoring of the state of SEA until the completion of the full cycle of monitoring the state of the entire MPO provides an increase in the economic efficiency of the monitoring system.

The claimed method is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 is a drawing illustrating a multi-parameter object and groups of the same structural elements;

figure 2 - drawings explaining the process of implementing the method.

figure 3 is a drawing illustrating the results of a comparative step-by-step modeling of the prototype method and the claimed method.

The accuracy of the current MPO assessment by known methods is limited by the following factors: the values of the controlled parameters of the structural elements of the object during their operation can vary within the acceptable values specified by the technical conditions for MPO. The parameters of the controlled SEA may have deviations not exceeding the permissible values, but indicating a tendency to their deterioration or an abnormal state of one or more of the same SEA. In this regard, the state of the MPO will be evaluated by known methods as acceptable until the value of the parameter of the controlled element does not exceed the limits of acceptable values.

For most options for constructing multi-parameter objects, we can assume that the same structural elements of the object are equally affected by external disturbing factors. The identification of abnormal changes in the parameters of one of the SEA within the group of the same type indicates an additional disturbing effect. The proposed method allows at an early stage to identify the anomalous behavior of the parameters of both an individual and a group of the same SEA, thereby ensuring an objective assessment of the state of MPO and the timely adoption of measures to prevent irreversible consequences in the work of MPO.

The implementation of the claimed method can be considered on the example of MPO, which is a communication node (CS) with a network of connecting lines of various types: wire lines using a fiber optic cable (1 ₁ -1 _N1 ) or a symmetrical pair (1 ₁ -1 _N2 ) as well as wireless (for example, radio-relay) radio communication lines (1 ₁ -1 _N3 ) (groups I, II, III in figure 1). For each group of structural elements of the same type, a set of controlled parameters is set.

(P ₁ ... P _M1 ; P ₁ ... P _M2 P ₁ ... P _M3 ) that determine the operational characteristics or characteristics of protection against unauthorized influences. For example, for subscriber lines using a symmetric pair, the operational parameters are impedance and line capacity, mutual influence of lines in a multi-pair cable, insulation resistance, line capacity (for a digital communication line), line voltage, ring circuit capacity (for an analog telephone communication line) and other parameters that must be monitored during the operation of the lines to determine their status and performance.

(определенные в эксплуатационно-технической документации), а также допустимые отклонения значений каждого из параметров

от нормы и допустимый размах значений m-го параметра

, т.е. предельное значение разности отклонений одного и того же параметра i-го ΔП_i и j-го ΔП_j однотипных СЭО:

. Допустимые значения

и

рассчитывают с учетом минимизации вероятности принятия ошибочного решения об исправном состоянии МПО при заданной вероятности принятия ошибочного решения о неисправном состоянии МПО. Причем при задании указанных параметров должно соблюдаться условие

. Вычисления производят по формулам контрольных границ для карт Шухарта (ГОСТ Р 50779.42-99) или согласно критериям принятия решения Неймана-Пирсона (Левин Б.Р. Теоретические основы статистической радиотехники. «Сов. радио» 1975 г., 392 с.). Указанные исходные данные записывают в ЗУ системы контроля.For each m-th parameter from the set of M - parameters of one of the groups of the same SEA, standard (nominal) parameter values are set depending on the tasks and operating conditions of the MPO

(defined in the operational and technical documentation), as well as permissible deviations of the values of each parameter

from the norm and the permissible range of values of the m-th parameter

, i.e. the limiting value of the difference between the deviations of the same parameter of the i-th ΔP _i and j-th ΔP _{j of the} same SEA:

. Valid Values

and

calculate taking into account the minimization of the probability of making an erroneous decision about the working condition of the MPO at a given probability of making an erroneous decision about the faulty state of the MPO. Moreover, when setting these parameters, the condition must be met

. Calculations are made according to the formulas of control boundaries for Shekhart maps (GOST R 50779.42-99) or according to the decision criteria of Neumann-Pearson (Levin BR, Theoretical foundations of statistical radio engineering. Sov. Radio 1975, 392 pp.). The specified source data is recorded in the memory of the monitoring system.

During the operation of the MPO, the control system carries out continuous (or periodic with a given monitoring time interval Δt _k ) measurements of the current values of the parameters. Measurements of controlled parameters are carried out using the corresponding meters for each parameter. The estimate of the m-th parameter P _m is determined by the sample P _m (Δt _u ), which is formed as a result of multiple counts during the measurement interval Δt _u . The duration of this interval is selected based on the desired interval of time averaging of the values of P _m . This is due to the fact that the short-term excess of the permissible values of the controlled parameters and characteristics under the influence of external random factors (electromagnetic discharges, voltage surges, etc.) can affect the objectivity of monitoring the state of SEA and the entire MPO. Such random factors can affect both individual SEA and the entire MPO. In this regard, the values of Δt _u can be determined most accurately only experimentally. Sample size n (number of samples) P _m (Δt _u ) is determined taking into account the required measurement accuracy and the sensitivity of the control system to changes in the controlled parameters. The values of the monitored parameters P _m thus measured are recorded in the memory of the monitoring system.

и П_mi, сравнивают их между собой и вычисляют разность To calculate the characteristics of the state of the SEA, pre-recorded values are read from the memory

and P _mi , compare them with each other and calculate the difference

и

для каждого m-го параметра, сравнивают их и вычисляют разность ΔП_mij с помощью устройства сравнения. После этого считывают из ЗУ предварительно записанные значения

,

и вычисленные значения ΔП_mi, ΔП_mij и сравнивают их также с помощью устройства сравнения. Определение состояния МПО по значению ΔП_mij может быть упрощено путем измерения коэффициента корреляции R_mij значений m-го параметра П_mi и П_mj для i-го и j-го однотипных СЭО с помощью коррелометра. Разновидности и особенности применения коррелометра известны (см., например. Метрология и электрорадиоизмерения в телекоммуникационных системах: Учебник для вузов / В.И.Нефедов [и др.]. - М.: Высш. шк., 2001. - 383 с.).ΔP _mi for each i-th SEA for each m-th parameter using a comparison device (for example, a comparator). Similarly, to calculate ΔP _mij values, extreme values are read from the memory

and

for each m-th parameter, compare them and calculate the difference ΔP _mij using a comparison device. After that, pre-recorded values are read from the memory.

,

and the calculated values of ΔP _mi , ΔP _mij and compare them also using the comparison device. The determination of the MPO state by the ΔP _mij value can be simplified by measuring the correlation coefficient R _{mij of the} values of the mth parameter P _mi and P _mj for the i-th and j-th SEOs of the same type using a correlometer. Varieties and features of the use of the correlometer are known (see, for example. Metrology and electro-radio measurements in telecommunication systems: Textbook for universities / V.I.Nefedov [et al.]. - M .: Vyssh. Shk., 2001. - 383 p.) .

и

данные являются исходными для принятия решения о состоянии МПО. При этом возможны различные состояния СЭО и соответствующие реакции системы контроля, представленные на фиг.2.Obtained after calculating the values of ΔP _mi and ΔP _mij (ΔR _mij ) and comparing them with acceptable values

and

the data is the source for deciding on the status of the IGO. In this case, various states of SEA and the corresponding reactions of the control system shown in Fig. 2 are possible.

и совершать случайные колебания в пределах допустимых отклонений

при этом значение ΔП_mij также не превышает допустимого значения

(см. фиг.2а). В этом случае МПО функционирует нормально, а система контроля, осуществляющая непрерывные (или периодические) измерения текущих значений параметров, оценивает состояние МПО как нормальное.In the process of functioning of structural elements for each of the same SEA, the values of the m-th parameter can take individual values P _m1 , P _m2 , P _mN , in the general case different from the standard

and make random fluctuations within the tolerance range

the value of ΔP _mij also does not exceed the permissible value

(see figa). In this case, the MPO functions normally, and the control system, which carries out continuous (or periodic) measurements of the current values of the parameters, evaluates the state of the MPO as normal.

и

. В то же время система контроля фиксирует при все возрастающих ΔП_m тенденцию к ухудшению условий функционирования МПО, и при

система контроля укажет на выход параметров МПО за нормативные значения.On figb presents a situation where the measured values of the monitored parameters of one or more SEA have a steady tendency to deteriorate and go out of the range of acceptable values under the influence of systemic destabilizing disturbances (for example, increasing temperature, humidity of the surrounding SEA environment, etc.). In this case, the MPO continues to function normally when

and

. At the same time, the monitoring system fixes with increasing ΔP _{m a} tendency to worsen the operating conditions of MPO, and when

the control system will indicate the output of MPO parameters for standard values.

и даже при значениях m-го параметра остальных СЭО в пределах допустимых, т.е.

, система контроля выявит аномальное состояние одного из СЭО и укажет на отклонение его характеристик от заданных значений до достижения уровня, превышающего

. Такое поведение одного из СЭО может возникнуть в силу каких-либо дестабилизирующих факторов, воздействующих только на i-й элемент из группы однотипных СЭО. Например, повреждение линии с последующим снижением сопротивления изоляции кабеля. В то же время возможные кратковременные случайные скачки значений параметров, вызванные несистемными причинами, усредняются (на интервале измерения Δt_u, который больше, чем средняя продолжительность зафиксированных кратковременных скачков параметров) и практически не влияют на общую оценку состояния МПО. Если в системе контроля используется коррелометр, то с его помощью можно непосредственно определить параметр ΔП_mij по снижению коэффициента корреляции ΔR_mij значений m-го параметра i-го СЭО относительно остальных однотипных СЭО.Figure 2c shows the situation when the nature of the change in the m-th parameter of one of the same SEA is significantly different from the nature of the change in the same parameter for other similar SEA. In this case, upon reaching

and even with the values of the m-th parameter of the remaining SEA within the acceptable range, i.e.

, the control system will detect the abnormal state of one of the SEA and indicate the deviation of its characteristics from the set values until a level exceeding

. Such behavior of one of the SEA may occur due to any destabilizing factors affecting only the i-th element from the group of the same SEA. For example, damage to the line, followed by a decrease in cable insulation resistance. At the same time, possible short-term random jumps in parameter values caused by non-systemic reasons are averaged (over the measurement interval Δt _u , which is longer than the average duration of recorded short-term parameter jumps) and practically do not affect the overall assessment of the MPO state. If the correlometer is used in the control system, then it can be used to directly determine the parameter ΔP _mij by reducing the correlation coefficient ΔR _{mij of the} values of the m-th parameter of the ith SEA relative to other similar SEOs.

, то обнаружить указанную аномальность в рамках известного способа контроля оказывается невозможным. В данном случае подобная аномальность обнаруживается при

. Чувствительность системы контроля к аномальным однократным ступенчатым скачкам определяется величиной

, а оперативность их выявления - интервалом контроля Δt_к. Своевременное обнаружение подобного признака может предотвратить несанкционированный доступ к защищаемым ресурсам МПО.On fig.2g presents the situation when the value of the m-th parameter of one of the same SEA has changed abruptly and continues to random fluctuations within the normal range without any tendency to its further change. Such behavior of an object parameter can mean, for example, an unauthorized connection to the line of any technical device, leading to an abrupt one-time change of the parameter. If at the same time

, then it is impossible to detect the indicated anomaly in the framework of the known control method. In this case, a similar anomaly is detected when

. The sensitivity of the control system to abnormal single step jumps is determined by

, and the efficiency of their detection - the control interval Δt _to . The timely detection of such a sign can prevent unauthorized access to protected IPO resources.

The possibility of obtaining a positive effect when using the proposed method was confirmed by comparative step-by-step modeling and comparison of the prototype method and the claimed method. The comparison results are presented in figure 3.

. На фиг.3 факт выявления недопустимых отклонений параметров обозначен знаком «+». Момент фиксации такого состояния МПО в приведенном примере соответствует времени t_к3=3Δt_к (см. фиг.2б, фиг.3). В ситуации, представленной на фиг.2в, заявленный способ позволяет обнаружить аномальное поведение параметра одного из однотипных СЭО уже на втором цикле контроля при достижении условия

(см. на фиг.2в, момент времени

). В то же время при использовании способа-прототипа такая аномальность может быть обнаружена только на третьем цикле контроля в момент времени

(см. фиг.2в), т.е. при выполнении условия

. В ситуации, представленной на фиг.2г, способ-прототип не позволяет обнаружить неисправность i-го СЭО и состояние МПО ошибочно принимают исправным, а заявленный способ позволяет обнаружить неисправность при

после второго цикла контроля (см. момент времени

на фиг.2г, фиг.3).The step-by-step modeling technique was as follows. The time interval Δt _{k was set} between the ith and (i + 1) -th cycles of monitoring the state of MPO. For each of the situations corresponding to those depicted in FIGS. 2b, 2c, 2d, control cycles were carried out according to the prototype method and according to the claimed method until an unacceptable deviation of the controlled parameters was detected by the control system. For the situation presented in fig.2b, the prototype method and the claimed method can equally detect a malfunction when inequality is achieved

. In Fig.3, the fact of identifying unacceptable deviations of the parameters is indicated by the sign "+". The moment of fixation of such a state of MPO in the above example corresponds to the time t _k3 = 3Δt _k (see fig.2b, figure 3). In the situation shown in figv, the claimed method allows to detect abnormal behavior of the parameter of one of the same SEA already in the second control cycle upon reaching the condition

(see figv, point in time

) At the same time, when using the prototype method, such an anomaly can be detected only in the third control cycle at a time

(see figv), i.e. under the condition

. In the situation shown in Fig.

after the second control cycle (see point in time

Fig.2d, Fig.3).

Thus, in the claimed method for 3 cycles of control revealed all three types of deviations of the controlled parameter, while in the method prototype, only two. Moreover, the detection time in the prototype method exceeds the time taken to detect similar deviations when using the inventive method. Thanks to proactive detection of a trend of deterioration in the operating conditions of the MPO, it is possible to timely eliminate the cause of the malfunction and increase the speed of detection and accuracy of assessing the state of MPO, therefore, it is possible to achieve the specified technical result.

Claims (1)

A method for monitoring the state of a multi-parameter object, which consists in pre-setting a set of N≥2 controlled structural elements of the object and M≥N parameters characterizing their condition, measuring and storing the measured controlled parameters of the structural elements of the multi-parameter object, determining the state characteristics of the multi-parameter object in the process of functioning, the results of which are documented and decide on them on the state of a multi-parameter object, characterized in that, in addition, for N structural elements of the same type of a multiparameter object, the standard values of their parameters P ^cm , permissible deviations ΔP ^additional , parameters from standard values and maximum permissible differences are preliminarily set

between the maximum

and minimal

levels of the measured m-th parameter, where m = 1,2, ..., M, i-th and j-th structural elements of the same type, where i = 1,2, ... N, and j = 1,2, ... N, and i ≠ j, moreover, to determine the characteristics of the state of a multi-parameter object, previously stored parameter values are read

and P _mi , compare them with each other and calculate the difference ΔP _i , the measured values of the m-th parameter P _mi for all N of the same structural elements from its standard value

read previously stored extreme values

and

, compare them and the results of the comparison determine the differences
ΔP _mij between the maximum

and minimal

levels of the measured values of the m-th parameter, the calculated characteristics ΔP _mi and ΔP _{mij are} compared with their predetermined values

and

, and after documenting the measured parameters and the calculated characteristics, the state of the multi-parameter object is accepted as normal at

and

and repeat the cycle of parameter measurements, and when

and / or

the state of the object is characterized as abnormal and additionally document information about the parameters and characteristics of the i-th structural element.

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